Ancient Rome by 6M

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Ancient Roman Architecture

Ancient Roman Architecture

By: Sofia & MellissaBy: Sofia & Mellissa

AqueductsAqueducts

A channel that brought water into the towns and cities, sometimes raised high up on arches to cross rivers or ravines.

Their easiest way of getting water straight into Rome. Pipes from Aqueducts go to public fountains,

bathrooms and baths.

A channel that brought water into the towns and cities, sometimes raised high up on arches to cross rivers or ravines.

Their easiest way of getting water straight into Rome. Pipes from Aqueducts go to public fountains,

bathrooms and baths.

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BridgesBridges

Bridges had the arch as its basic structure. The greatest difficulty were the pillars because

they need to provide support while fighting the water current.

Built with wood then brick and stone.

Bridges had the arch as its basic structure. The greatest difficulty were the pillars because

they need to provide support while fighting the water current.

Built with wood then brick and stone.

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ColosseumColosseum

• It was the greatest roman amphitheater.• Games were held here. Sea battles raged and animals

appeared out of trap doors in the floor.• It could seat 50,000 people.• No one knows the architect that designed the Colosseum

• It was the greatest roman amphitheater.• Games were held here. Sea battles raged and animals

appeared out of trap doors in the floor.• It could seat 50,000 people.• No one knows the architect that designed the Colosseum

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Colosseum Building Process

Colosseum Building Process

• If it wasn’t made with cement and vaulted arches the Colosseum could not have been built because it would have been to heavy and fallen.

• It had 80 entrances. 2 for the emperor, dignitaries. 2 for the gladiators, 1 for dead, 1 for alive and 76 for the people.

• They started by building an oval trench that was 18 feet deep and filled it with cement.

• If it wasn’t made with cement and vaulted arches the Colosseum could not have been built because it would have been to heavy and fallen.

• It had 80 entrances. 2 for the emperor, dignitaries. 2 for the gladiators, 1 for dead, 1 for alive and 76 for the people.

• They started by building an oval trench that was 18 feet deep and filled it with cement.

Building techniques and tools

Building techniques and tools

• The Pantheon was the largest dome in history until the twentieth century

• The idea of a dome came from extending an arch.• They built with simple hammers, chisels, saws, pulleys

and cranes.

• The Pantheon was the largest dome in history until the twentieth century

• The idea of a dome came from extending an arch.• They built with simple hammers, chisels, saws, pulleys

and cranes.

Roman ForumRoman Forum

• It was snug in a valley between Capitoline Hill and Palintine Hill.

• Beginning as a market place it evolved into an economic, political and religious hub and the town square in the center of Rome.

• Made with stone paving, arches and white marble columns.

• It was snug in a valley between Capitoline Hill and Palintine Hill.

• Beginning as a market place it evolved into an economic, political and religious hub and the town square in the center of Rome.

• Made with stone paving, arches and white marble columns.

Roman HomesRoman Homes• Most apartments were 5-6 stories high.• Apartments were crowded and unsanitary while stores were on the

1st floor• The richest of Romans could afford town houses just for them

selves.• Town houses allowed kitchens unlike apartments and were only 1-2

stories and windows only on the 2nd floor for security purposes.

• Most apartments were 5-6 stories high.• Apartments were crowded and unsanitary while stores were on the

1st floor• The richest of Romans could afford town houses just for them

selves.• Town houses allowed kitchens unlike apartments and were only 1-2

stories and windows only on the 2nd floor for security purposes.

Ancient RomanUpper Class Life

By Rosa, Jeffery, & Noa

Daily Life

Slaves helped through whole day

During day, men went to baths, women read

In evening, HUGE feasts

Prayed first thing in morning because believed gods gave wealth

Slaves helped through whole day

During day, men went to baths, women read

In evening, HUGE feasts

Prayed first thing in morning because believed gods gave wealth

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Fashion for the richFashion for the rich

Women had very elaborate hairstyles

They had emeralds, opals, and pearls

Men had very elaborate styled beards

Both men and women wore perfume

Women had very elaborate hairstyles

They had emeralds, opals, and pearls

Men had very elaborate styled beards

Both men and women wore perfume

Homes and Decor

Small windows to prevent heat from coming in

Villas had 8 rooms Had courtyards and

shrines They had specially

designed gutters and heating systems

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Parties and festivity

Rich people hosted feasts for friends and important people from the city

Slaves washed guest’s feet Men got together for hunting

parties Men wore bright togas for

parties

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CurrencyCurrency

Moneylenders had very high interest

A large some of money is called a dowry

Made new coins for every conquest

Pecunia means money in Latin

Moneylenders had very high interest

A large some of money is called a dowry

Made new coins for every conquest

Pecunia means money in Latin

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Slaves and servantsSlaves and servants

• Slaves were prisoners of war, captives or Romans in debt

• Rich roman can obtain slaves by buying, inheritance, or as slave’s child

• Most household slaves were treated well

• Slaves were prisoners of war, captives or Romans in debt

• Rich roman can obtain slaves by buying, inheritance, or as slave’s child

• Most household slaves were treated well

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Powers and Social StandingsPowers and Social Standings

Rich people called patricians

Only oldest families in Rome were rich

Held political, legal, and religious power

Consul= Supreme authority below emperor

Rich people called patricians

Only oldest families in Rome were rich

Held political, legal, and religious power

Consul= Supreme authority below emperor

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Rich kidsRich kids

Boys and girls learned reading, writing, and math in primary school

Older boys learned Greek, grammar, geometry, public speaking, and astronomy in secondary school

Boys became men at 15 Learn to swim with

bamboo floats

Boys and girls learned reading, writing, and math in primary school

Older boys learned Greek, grammar, geometry, public speaking, and astronomy in secondary school

Boys became men at 15 Learn to swim with

bamboo floats

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Ancient Roman FoodsAncient Roman Foods

By:Eleanor & AileenBy:Eleanor & Aileen

Food For The Poor

The poor people that lived near the Mediterranean Sea had to eat foods that grew in dry places

They eat pasta,salad,water,bread,and porridge or eat left over food from breakfast

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Rich People’s Foods Special occasions

they ate giraffes,larks,and dormice,not for the flavor but because they’re expensive

They ate chicken and pork with lots of spices

They had the most access to fruits and figs and grapes

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Roman Farmers They grow figs,and

strawberries In hot climates they

grow grapes and olives

In cold climates they grow turnips and apples

Farmers grew grapes in order to make and sell wine

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Kinds Of Roman Meats Sheep,Cattle Pork and Ham Fish and peacock

tongues Complicated meal is

that they would make stuffing chicken inside of duck, duck inside of goose,goose inside of pig,pig inside of cow,then they cook it altogether

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A Roman Dinner Party Good manners are to vomit

to make more room for more meals

The people stay for games and songs before getting ready to leave

They remove out door shoes and put indoor shoes (sandals) and the slaves would wash the wealthy peoples hands a place a crown of flowers upon their head

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What meals did the ancient children eat at school? Salad (lunch) Rice or pasta

(snack) Water (daily) Juice (lunch) Cheese and

vegetable(both)

What did the Romans drink?

Romans drank wine on special occasions,breakfast,lunch,and dinner

Romans drank water for breakfast,lunch,and dinner

Calda which is warm water and wine laced with spices

Ponca is vinegar mixed with enough water to make it drinkable

Hair Styles, men and women Hair Styles, men and women

Curls were popular for both, men + women

Men had short hair In early Rome, women

wore simple hair styles (Bun)

Curls were popular for both, men + women

Men had short hair In early Rome, women

wore simple hair styles (Bun)

Foot Wear, men and womenFoot Wear, men and women

Different ranks= Different types of shoes

Women wore boots like men but made out of softer material

Slaves wore wooden clogs, or animal skins wrapped around feet

Different ranks= Different types of shoes

Women wore boots like men but made out of softer material

Slaves wore wooden clogs, or animal skins wrapped around feet

Different Occasions ClothingDifferent Occasions Clothing

Party stolas had embroidery around the hem

Togas for party’s were brightly colored

Togas for mourning were darkly colored

Party stolas had embroidery around the hem

Togas for party’s were brightly colored

Togas for mourning were darkly colored

Seasonal wear/ traveling clothesSeasonal wear/ traveling clothes

To protect from rain + cold, wore hooded cloak called lacernae

Traveling cloaks were made from animal skins, they were warm and waterproof

Paenula is a piece of cloth with a hole cut into it

To protect from rain + cold, wore hooded cloak called lacernae

Traveling cloaks were made from animal skins, they were warm and waterproof

Paenula is a piece of cloth with a hole cut into it

Men and Boys ClothingMen and Boys Clothing

Wore tunics, which was a single piece of cloth draped around the body

More expensive the tunic, covered with pleats

Tunica palmat = leafy, flowery tunic worn by important men

Wore tunics, which was a single piece of cloth draped around the body

More expensive the tunic, covered with pleats

Tunica palmat = leafy, flowery tunic worn by important men

Women and Girls ClothingWomen and Girls Clothing

Wore tunic, longer than men

Important women wore stola over tunic

Going out = wore pala over stola, pala is rectangular toga with hood

Wore tunic, longer than men

Important women wore stola over tunic

Going out = wore pala over stola, pala is rectangular toga with hood

Jewelry Jewelry

Women liked jewelry, for value rather than look

Rings were most common jewelry, worn by both men + women

The most precious stones were pearls, opals, + emeralds

Women liked jewelry, for value rather than look

Rings were most common jewelry, worn by both men + women

The most precious stones were pearls, opals, + emeralds

CosmeticsCosmetics

Made from vegetables + mineral dyes

Chalk was used as face powder

Put on make-up with a spatula

Made from vegetables + mineral dyes

Chalk was used as face powder

Put on make-up with a spatula

ANCIENT ROMAN ROADS & TRANSPORTATION

by BEN AND MATT

ANCIENT ROMAN ROADS & TRANSPORTATION

by BEN AND MATT

How Roads Helped Ancient Rome

How Roads Helped Ancient Rome

Helped Armies move quickly around Rome

Made communicating easier

Helped Rome run their empire by making easy travel

Helped Armies move quickly around Rome

Made communicating easier

Helped Rome run their empire by making easy travel

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How Roads were built and what they were made out of

How Roads were built and what they were made out of

Built by digging trenches Many layers,

top=curbstones, bottom=mortar/sand

Roads were built to last

Built by digging trenches Many layers,

top=curbstones, bottom=mortar/sand

Roads were built to last

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Ships and Other Water Transportation

Ships and Other Water Transportation

Ships were sail boats with 2 sails

Ships were made of wood

Docks were always busy

Ships were sail boats with 2 sails

Ships were made of wood

Docks were always busy

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Military TransportationMilitary Transportation

Used horses to travel and fight

Mules carried supplies for the army

Built bridges for easy travel

Used horses to travel and fight

Mules carried supplies for the army

Built bridges for easy travel

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Land TransportationLand Transportation

Used horses to carry letters

Chariots were used for entertainment

Went in covered cart if going on long journeys

Used horses to carry letters

Chariots were used for entertainment

Went in covered cart if going on long journeys

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Different types of roads and where they went

Different types of roads and where they went

Paved roads=fast transportation, mud roads=slow transportation

50,000 miles of roads Roads covered

Roman empire

Paved roads=fast transportation, mud roads=slow transportation

50,000 miles of roads Roads covered

Roman empire

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Merchants and Farm cartsMerchants and Farm carts

Driven by oxen Farmers used plows

that went slowly Farm carts had solid

wooden wheels

Driven by oxen Farmers used plows

that went slowly Farm carts had solid

wooden wheels

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Different Transportation Routes and how Long they Took

Different Transportation Routes and how Long they Took

Alexandria to Ostia takes 16-21 days

Rome to Caesaria takes 20 days

Took two to three weeks by ship to go from Egypt to Rome

Alexandria to Ostia takes 16-21 days

Rome to Caesaria takes 20 days

Took two to three weeks by ship to go from Egypt to Rome

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Ancient RomanArmy and weapons

By Austin & Alex

How soldiers benefited the society

• Soldiers built opera houses and other public buildings.

• The soldiers paroled the city for possible danger.

• They Brought treasure home from war.

• Most importantly, the soldiers kept the citizens and kingdom safe.

Weapons and how they used them

• Romans used many weapons, such as spears, axes, swords, sabers, javelins, bows, and slings.

• All warriors carried a sword and shield.

• Spears were used for spearheading their phalanx formation, where they marched in a triangle shoulder-to -shoulder.

Marching• When Romans marched

to war they each carried grain, a pick, 2 stakes, a saw, their armor and weapons.

• When marching they slept in a wool tent.

• Roman soldiers marched 8 or more miles a day.

• Some Roman camps could be as big as a city.

Siege

• Boats carried most supplies for troops.

• Commander directed troops from afar and from the advice of other leaders.

• Troops would mostly steal food from enemies to eat and hurt them.

• They built bridges over rivers by anchoring boats and putting large planks across the boats.

Training

• When selected they were fitted for armor and outfits.

• They rode horses without stirrups to build endurance.

• Recruits marched two times a day with full armor and spears.

• Some trainees were taught to fire catapults.

• Selected for training when boys.

Armor

• Wore shield, plate armor, belt and mail shin guards.

• Shield is called Scuttum, and were made out of wood and steel.

• The Belt is called chinglum, and was leather with dangling mail.

• Chest plate is called lorice, and is iron on leather.

^ Battle Helmet

Enemies of Rome

• The roman enemies were the Germans, Deccins, Iberians, Hispanics, Parthians, Celtics, Gallics, and Persians.

• The Germans were considered barbarians.

• The Romans lost to the Germans only once.

Benefits of War

• During war, slaves and land were captured to be sold and built on.

• Lots of gold and riches were brought back from war.

• After years of military service soldiers were given full citizenship.

• A parade to display valor full warriors and captured slaves was fun for everyone.

Ancient Roman GladiatorsAncient Roman Gladiators

By: Sam & RaphaelBy: Sam & Raphael

Types of Gladiators Types of Gladiators

There were Retiariuses, who used tridents and nets.

The Acians, who had brown shields and curved swords.

The Mirmihlo, who had heavy shields, short swords and helmets.

The Velitis, who used javelins and who fought 5 vs 5.

Gladiators usually fought against other Gladiators.

There were Retiariuses, who used tridents and nets.

The Acians, who had brown shields and curved swords.

The Mirmihlo, who had heavy shields, short swords and helmets.

The Velitis, who used javelins and who fought 5 vs 5.

Gladiators usually fought against other Gladiators.

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How Gladiators are treated

How Gladiators are treated

Gladiators are usually slaves or prisoners!

Gladiators were usually trained in gladiator schools and were not allowed out!

Gladiators were usually treated like wild animals!

Talented gladiators were worth a lot of money and were fed special barley.

Gladiators are usually slaves or prisoners!

Gladiators were usually trained in gladiator schools and were not allowed out!

Gladiators were usually treated like wild animals!

Talented gladiators were worth a lot of money and were fed special barley.

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Rise and Fall of the Gladiator Fights

Rise and Fall of the Gladiator Fights

The tradition of gladiator fights came from the Etruscans.

The Etruscans believed that the spilling of blood from the gladiator fights honored the dead!

The tradition of gladiator fights ended in 404 A.D. becausea Christian Priest got mad because one gladiator was about to kill the other one. The spectators got mad and killed the priest. Then the emperor ended the gladiator games.

The tradition of gladiator fights came from the Etruscans.

The Etruscans believed that the spilling of blood from the gladiator fights honored the dead!

The tradition of gladiator fights ended in 404 A.D. becausea Christian Priest got mad because one gladiator was about to kill the other one. The spectators got mad and killed the priest. Then the emperor ended the gladiator games.

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Rules of the gladiator fights

Rules of the gladiator fights

Gladiators had to swear an oath agreeing to suffer whips, burning, and death!

In gladiator fights, when a gladiator is wounded, the crowd gets to choose if he lives or not: thumps up; keep alive, thumbs down; kill!

Gladiator fights were only on special occasions.

Very rarely can a woman be a gladiator.

Gladiators had to swear an oath agreeing to suffer whips, burning, and death!

In gladiator fights, when a gladiator is wounded, the crowd gets to choose if he lives or not: thumps up; keep alive, thumbs down; kill!

Gladiator fights were only on special occasions.

Very rarely can a woman be a gladiator.

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Gladiator SchoolsGladiator Schools

Instructors were usually former gladiators.

There were 4 gladiator schools in all of Rome.

Gladiators-in-training used wooden swords to practice!

Schools were usually close to the arena so they would have a smaller chance of escaping when they are going to the arena.

Instructors were usually former gladiators.

There were 4 gladiator schools in all of Rome.

Gladiators-in-training used wooden swords to practice!

Schools were usually close to the arena so they would have a smaller chance of escaping when they are going to the arena.

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Types of Gladiator FightsTypes of Gladiator Fights

Gladiators could fight animals such as lions and bears!

The gladiator animals were kept hungry so they would try to eat the gladiator(s)!

The Colosseum could be flooded so there could be sea battles!

Gladiators most often fought each other.

Gladiators could fight animals such as lions and bears!

The gladiator animals were kept hungry so they would try to eat the gladiator(s)!

The Colosseum could be flooded so there could be sea battles!

Gladiators most often fought each other.

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The ColosseumThe Colosseum

The Colosseum was made in 80 A.D.

The Colosseum was the biggest gladiator stadium ever!

The Colosseum held up to 47,000 people!

The Colosseum was built in Rome.

The Colosseum was made in 80 A.D.

The Colosseum was the biggest gladiator stadium ever!

The Colosseum held up to 47,000 people!

The Colosseum was built in Rome.

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The Great VesuviusThe Great Vesuvius

Vesuvius was a volcano that was asleep and slowly building up pressure

The magma was so hot and steam turned it to pumice and ash explodedthrough a hole in the top

The volcano was 4,203 feet high

Pompeii eruption was on August 24, AD 79

Vesuvius was a volcano that was asleep and slowly building up pressure

The magma was so hot and steam turned it to pumice and ash explodedthrough a hole in the top

The volcano was 4,203 feet high

Pompeii eruption was on August 24, AD 79

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Volcano timelineVolcano timeline

Old PompeiiOld Pompeii

In the town of Pompeii: had altars in the center of the

town Nile water was sacred in

temples Found in 1600’s Porta Marina was a gate

through which you entered Pompeii

People first invented the water fountain

In the town of Pompeii: had altars in the center of the

town Nile water was sacred in

temples Found in 1600’s Porta Marina was a gate

through which you entered Pompeii

People first invented the water fountain

1 p m -1 2 p mA sh an d p u m ice co llap ses cau sin g su p er h o t su rg eA sh an d sm o k e, clo u d th at's sh ap ed lik e an u m b rella, b ig ex p lo sio n1 2 p m -1 amco n tin u atio n o f su p er h o t su rg e1 am -7 am7 am -8 amsu rg e o v ertak es P o m p eii w h ich is b u rried in 6 -7 feet o f ash 8 :3 0 -9 amV esu v iu s calm s d o w n

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Pompeii timelinePompeii timeline

Buildings in PompeiiBuildings in Pompeii

Amphitheater: double theater Forum: center of political, economical, and religons, outdoor market Baths: public baths Frigidarium: cold bath Tepidarium: warm bath Caldarium: hot bath Basilica: tall, thin structure Arch of Caligula: showcase of trophies

Amphitheater: double theater Forum: center of political, economical, and religons, outdoor market Baths: public baths Frigidarium: cold bath Tepidarium: warm bath Caldarium: hot bath Basilica: tall, thin structure Arch of Caligula: showcase of trophies

Pompeii Gods and AltarsPompeii Gods and Altars

Jupiter: king of all gods Priapus: god of fertility Apollo: god of light Venus: goddess of love,

known as protector of Pompeii, had a son called Cupid

Jupiter: king of all gods Priapus: god of fertility Apollo: god of light Venus: goddess of love,

known as protector of Pompeii, had a son called Cupid

Items and Bodies foundItems and Bodies found

In Pompeii, people found: Bread in oven Bowling alleys and running

water Lot’s of paintings of fruits Graffiti from gladiator fights “Beware of the dog” signs Marble basin and bronze tub

with cradle Gold neck lace of 48 ivy leaves

cut of gold

In Pompeii, people found: Bread in oven Bowling alleys and running

water Lot’s of paintings of fruits Graffiti from gladiator fights “Beware of the dog” signs Marble basin and bronze tub

with cradle Gold neck lace of 48 ivy leaves

cut of gold

New PompeiiNew Pompeii

People added a terrace to enjoy the view

Most popular during summer and autumn

About 7,000 people visit per day

Pompeii has been restored

People added a terrace to enjoy the view

Most popular during summer and autumn

About 7,000 people visit per day

Pompeii has been restored