WHAT IS ANDROID?• It is a open source software platform and operating system for mobile devices

• Based on the Linux kernel

• Developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)

• Allows writing managed code in the Java language

• Android has its own virtual machine i.e. DVM(Dalvik Virtual Machine),which is used for executing the android applicatn.

• Google purchased the initial developer of the software , android incorporated in 2005.

• Provides platform for developing apps & marketplace for distribution.

Android was designed as a platform for software development.

Android is open source.

Android is free.

Community support.

Tool support.

Why Android ?

HISTORY OF ANDROID Android Inc. founded in Palo Alto, California, united states in October 2003 by

Andy Rubin[co-founder of danger ], rich miner[co-founder of wildfire communication Inc.], nick sears[once VP at T-Mobile], and Chris white[headed design and interface development at web TV] to develop.

Andy Rubin was developed android in the year 2003-2005 with Google support and same company took Android in August 2005.

In 2008 the first Android device is launched, that is HTC Dream G1 which operates Android 1.0

Key features of Android Storage Connectivity Messaging Multiple languages Web browser Java support Media support Supports SSL(TLS) Streaming media support Additional hardware support Multi-touch

LINUX KERNEL

•The architecture is based on the Linux2.6 kernel. • This layer is core of android architecture. It provides service like power management, memory management, security etc.• It helps in software or hardware binding for better communication.

NATIVE LIBRARIES

• Android has its own libraries, which is written in C/C++. These libraries cannot be accessed directly. With the help of application framework, we can access these libraries. There are many libraries like web libraries to access web browsers, libraries for android and video formats etc.

Android Run Time

• The Android Runtime was designed specifically for Android to meet the needs of running in an embedded environment where you have limited battery, limited memory, limited CPU.

• Dalvik is the process virtual machine in Google's android operating system. It is the software that runs the apps on android devices. Dalvik is thus an integral part of android ,which is typically used on mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablet computers.• Programs are commonly written in java and compiled to byte code.

Android Run Time

•This is in blue, meaning that it's written in the Java programming language.

•The core library contains all of the collection classes, utilities, IO, all the utilities and tools that you’ve come to expected to use. 

Application Framework

•This is all written in a Java programming language and the application framework is the toolkit that all applications use.•These applications include the ones that come with a phone like the home applications, or the phone application. •It includes applications written by Google, and it includes apps that will be written by you. •So, all apps use the same framework and the same APIs.

Contd…These are as follows:-• Activity manager:-It manages the lifecycle of applications. It enable

proper management of all the activities. All the activities are controlled by activity manager.

• Resource manager:-It provides access to non-code resources such as graphics etc.

• Notification manager:-It enables all applications to display custom alerts in status bar.

• Location manager:- It fires alerts when user enters or leaves a specified geographical location.

• Package manager:-It is use to retrieve the data about installed packages on device.

• Window manager:-It is use to create views and layouts.• Telephony manager:-It is use to handle settings of network

connection and all information about services on device.

APPLICATION LAYER

•the final layer on top is Applications.

•It includes the home application the contacts application , the browser, and apps.

•It is the most upper layer in android architecture.

•All the applications like camera, Google maps, browser,sms,calendars,contacts are native applications. These applications works with end user with the help of application framework to operate.

A number of well-recognized mobile operating systems are available in the market in both proprietary and open-source categories. Most widely used mobile operating systems are −

•Android

•IOS

•BlackBerry

•Windows

resourcesManifest

Un-compiled resources

Android Versions ?

Code name Version number Initial release date API level

Alpha 1.0 September 23, 2008 1Beta 1.1 February 9, 2009 2Cupcake 1.5 April 27, 2009 3Donut 1.6 September 15, 2009 4Éclair 2.0 – 2.1 October 26, 2009 5 – 7Froyo 2.2 – 2.2.3 May 20, 2010 8Gingerbread 2.3 – 2.3.7 December 6, 2010 9 – 10Honeycomb 3.0 – 3.2.6 February 22, 2011 11 – 13Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0 – 4.0.4 October 18, 2011 14 – 15Jelly Bean 4.1 – 4.3.1 July 9, 2012 16 – 18KitKat 4.4 – 4.4.4 October 31, 2013 19 – 20Lollipop 5.0 – 5.1.1 November 12, 2014 21 – 22Marshmallow 6.0 – 6.0.1 October 5, 2015 23Nougat 7.0 August or September 2016 24

A software development kit (SDK or "devkit") is typically a set of software development tools that allows the creation of applications for a certain software package, software framework, hardware platform, computer system, video game console, operating system, or similar development platform.

What is SDK?

What is JDK ?

The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a software development environment used for developing Java applications and applets. It includes the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), an interpreter/loader (java), a compiler (javac), an archiver (jar), a documentation generator (javadoc) and other tools needed in Java development.

Android Studio

Official IDE for Android application development. Based on JetBrains’ IntelliJ IDEA software Available on Windows, Linux, Mac.

Android Studio vs. Eclipse ADT comparison

Feature Android Studio Eclipse ADT Eclipse AndMore

Build system Graldle Apache Ant Gradle/Maven/Ant

Maven-based build dependencies Yes No Yes

Build variants and multiple-APK generation Yes No ?

Advanced Android code

Complition and refactoring

Yes Yes ?

Graphical layout editor Yes Yes Yes

APK signing and keystore management Yes Yes Yes

NDK support Yes Yes Yes

Windows OS X Linux

OS version Microsoft Windows 10/8/7 (32- or 64-bit)

Mac OS X 10.8.5 or higher, up to 10.11.4 (El Capitan) GNOME or KDE desktop

RAM 2 GB RAM minimum, 8 GB RAM recommended

Disk space 500 MB disk space for Android Studio, at least 1.5 GB for Android SDK, emulator system images, and caches

Java version Java Development Kit (JDK) 8 Java Development Kit (JDK) 6 Java Development Kit (JDK) 8

Screen resolution 1280x800 minimum screen resolution

System requirements

Version 2.x

Oops !

App components

Activities Services Content providers Broadcast Receivers

app/src/main/java/com.example.myfirstapp/MainActivity.java

app/src/main/res/layout/activity_main.xml

app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml

Developing Android Application

Storage Options

Shared Preferences Internal Storage External Storage SQLite Databases Network Connection

SQLite database

Light-weight data interchange format.

Language independent. Collection of name/value pairs

PhoneGap Virtual reality/daydream firebase

Google to train 2 mn developers in Android

Tech giant Google aims to train about 2 million developers in India on its Android platform over the next three years to cash in on the high-quality talent pool in the country.

India, which has about one million people working on solutions for the Android mobile platform, is poised to become home to about 4 million developers by 2018, making it the worlds largest developer base.

Associate Android Developer Certification

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