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ANSYS Structural ANSYS Structural MechanicsMechanicsANSYS Structural ANSYS Structural MechanicsMechanics
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Steven VarnamSteven Varnam
ANSYS ANSYS UKUK
Steven VarnamSteven Varnam
ANSYS ANSYS UKUK
ANSYS Mechanical FEA Suite
• Founded in 1970, ANSYS have been
developing generic Mechanical FEA software
for 40 years
• Originally developed for the nuclear industry,
quality was paramount in its design, now
in accordance with ISO quality controls
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
• ANSYS FEA has the broadest range of
capabilities in the market-place, with
technologies for:
– Linear & Nonlinear (geometric/material)
analyses
– Static, frequency-domain & time-domain
– 0-D to 3-D elements
– Isotropic, anistropic, layered materials
– ....
ANSYS Mechanical Solutions
ANSYS Mechanical solutions articulates the best in class CAE
products and technology for structural, thermal, acoustics
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
products and technology for structural, thermal, acoustics
and coupled physics analysis that offers a unique class of
integrated simulation solution for the entire product
development process …
Product Offering/Target Users
• Built upon robust technology offers a range of products with a clear upgrade path from designers to
analyst.
ANSYS
ANSYS
Mechanical
ANSYS
Multiphysics
Functionality/Price
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
ANSYS
Professional
PlanDrafting
CAD
Concept
Simulation
Virtual
Prototyping
Advanced
AnalysisEvaluate Production
ANSYS
DesignSpace
ANSYS
Structural
ANSYS
Mechanical
ANSYS
DesignSpace
Mid-RangeFront End High-End
ANSYS
Professional
ANSYS
Structural
Functionality/Price
Product/Technology Description
ANSYS
DesignSpace
ANSYS
Structural
ANSYS
Professional NLT
ANSYS
Mechanical
Linear Structural Linear Structural Linear Structural Linear Structural
Solver Technology
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Linear Structural
Steady State Thermal
Linear Structural
Steady State Thermal
Transient Thermal
Linear Dynamics
Linear Structural
Non-Linear Structural
Linear Dynamics
Nonlinear Dynamics
Linear Structural
Non-Linear Structural
Linear Dynamics
Nonlinear Dynamics
Steady State Thermal
Transient Thermal
Acoustics
Direct Coupled
ANSYS
Professional NLS
Linear Structural
Steady State Thermal
Nonlinear Structural
Linear Dynamics
Analysis Methods & Solvers
Elements Technology
Solid Elements
2D Quad/Tri
3D – Hexa/Tetra/Wedge/Pyramid
Layered Solids
Solid Shell
Shell Elements
Lower/Higher Order
Layered Shells
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Beam Elements
Multi material beam analysis
Beam Cross Section Definition
Special Elements
Rebars/Reinforcements
Links/Pipes/Springs
Cohesive Zone
User Elements
Gaskets
Analysis Methods & Solvers
Materials Modeling
Material Models
Isotropic/Orthotropic Elasticity
Hyperelasticity
Plasticity
Viscoelasticity
Viscoplasticity
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Creep
Other Models
Cast Iron Plasticity
Drucker-Prager
Shape Memory Alloy
USERMAT
Gasket Material
Concrete
Gurson DamageGasket Material
Hyperelastic Material
Analysis Methods & Solvers
Contact Analysis
• Node-Node; Node-Surface; Surface-Surface; Line-Line; Line-Surface
• Small and Large Sliding
• Lower and Higher order elements
• Pure Penalty; Augmented Lagrange; Pure Lagrange; MPC contact
• Semi-Automatic Contact Stiffness Update
• Multiphysics Contact; Rigid Contact
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
• Multiphysics Contact; Rigid Contact
• Friction Sliding (Small/Large Deformation)
• Shell/Beam Thickness Effects
• Contact Manager Wizard
• Automatic Assembly Contact
Analysis Methods & Solvers
Explicit Analysis
• ANSYS Explicit Dynamics Products:o ANSYS Explicit STR, ANSYS LS-DYNA, ANSYS AUTODYN
• Short duration localized phenomena• Transient dynamic wave propagation
o Gases, Liquids, Solids and their Interaction (FSI)• Nonlinear
o Material behaviorStructural behavior
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
o Structural behavioro Contact/Interaction
• Extreme loadings• Extreme deformations
o Large strains & strain rateso Material failure
Solutions for the Nuclear Power Industry
Containment
Reactor Pressure Vessels
Fuel Assemblies
Passive Safety Systems
Generation IV Reactors
Waste Storage & Handling
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Coolant Pumps
PressurizersSteam Generators
Containment
Challenges
– Determining accurate seismic loads and responses
– Providing accurate safety analyses to regulators
Benefits of CAE
Hoop stresses in
a containment
building with
retrofit hole
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Benefits of CAE– Avoid over-designing by performing
accurate seismic analyses– Accident simulation when 1-D tools
are insufficient• Impact of accidents on structural
integrity• Fracture mechanics• Showing jet-strike survivability
Courtesy of CTC, Tokyo, Japan
And CAE Associates
Boeing 747 striking a 3m thick
reinforced concrete wall
Cutting into, then repairing a
Post-Stressed containment vessel
Ve
rtic
al S
tre
ss
Original
Reduced
Tendons
Repair and
ReTension
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Ve
rtic
al S
tre
ss
Ho
op
Str
ess
Courtesy CAE Associates
Façade Response
• Structure considered is L shaped in
plan with vertical edges attached to an
existing structure.
• Façade about 50m wide by 50m high
with an 8m wide entrance lobby at
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
with an 8m wide entrance lobby at
ground level.
• Total structure mass approx 2200
tonnes
• Scenario considered was a 100kg
TNT charge detonated 20 m from the
centre of the façade at ground level.
Façade Response – Blast Analysis
• Detonation and initial stage of blast
wave propagation used a 1D model
extending 12m from the centre of the
charge.
• 3D model included a rigid
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
• 3D model included a rigid
representation of structure.
• Initial analysis stage with gravity and
damping to allow the structure to
reach equilibrium under self weight
• Pressure field files stored at 1ms
intervals for application to structure
Façade Response – Blast Analysis
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Deflections x 25
Fuel Assemblies
Deformation of a
fuel rod spring
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Benefits of CAE
– Reduce design time and physical prototypes through simulation
• Spring design
• Assembly seismic vibration analysis
• Fluid-structure interaction simulation
Geometry image courtesy of the Korean Atomic
Energy Research Institute
ANSYS Workbench
• Being part of the ANSYS Workbench
infrastructure opens up several
enhancements in overall process for the
structural mechanics users
– Geometry
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
– Geometry
– Meshing
– Post-processing
– Reporting
– Process scripting & chaining
– Automatic Project updates
ANSYS Structural Mechanics
• Geometry
– Direct CAD Links
• Connect to real CAD models
and create true parametric
analysis
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
analysis
– Create analysis geometry
• Geometry clean-up
• Simplification
• Create Shell & Beam
geometry
– Work with imported files
ANSYS Structural Mechanics
• Preprocessing
• Materials
• Linear-Elastic
• Plastic
• Hyper-elastic
• Creep
• Soils, Concrete
• Damage models
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 21 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
• Damage models
• Meshing
• From fully automatic to highly controlled
• Loads
• Imported data fields
• Time dependant
• Complex systems
• Contact
• Model real assemblies
• Bonded, Frictionless & Frictional contact
ANSYS Structural Mechanics
• Solving
• ANSYS solver technology
evolving to keep pace
with PC developments
Multi-core
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 22 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
• Multi-core
• 32 & 64 bit
• Clusters
• GPU
ANSYS Structural Mechanics
• Postprocessing
• Stress, Strain, Creep,
Contact, Reactions
• Linearisation
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
• Images
• Tabular data ���� Excel
• Movie files
• Automated report
generation
ANSYS Structural Mechanics
• ANSYS Structural analysis
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
DesignXplorer
• Start with a workbench defined process
– Use parameters in:
• CAD
• DesignModeler
• SpaceClaim
• Engineering data
• Preprocessor
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 25 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
• Preprocessor
• Postprocessor
• Derived parameters
– Define design envelope• Parameter limits
• Descrete/continuous
– Define goal• Near target
• Min/Max
• Trade offs
DesignXplorer
• DOE
– Select DOE type
– Custom + Sampling (OSF)
• Candidate designs
• Response surface
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 26 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
• Response surface
• Six Sigma analysis
– Manufacturing best/worst case
Design Assessment- Introduction
• What is Design Assessment?
– Enables the customer to define additional data that is associated with
their model and then perform custom post processing.
• Custom definition of input data, result definitions & solve + post scripts
– Without any customisation, it enables the combination of existing
solutions
• Static Structural
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 27 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
• Static Structural
• Flexible Dynamics (at a specific time)
– Predefined scripts will be supplied for Workbench integration the
BEAMST and FATJACK products.
Design Assessment- Capabilities at R13
• Can be linked with both static
structural and transient analyses (at a
specific time)
• Solution Combinations
• User-defined Python scripts can be
written/run
• API for use with Python scripts
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 28 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
• API for use with Python scripts
– Able to access: Geometry & Mesh,
Solution Combination data, Attribute
group data, Results selection data
• Custom data variables with Solution
Combinations
• New Attribute Groups for the application of
user variables to the model.
• New Results type to display the results of
the custom post process.
Joint Unitary
Check for
BEAMCHECK
Spectrum AnalysisSpectrum AnalysisSpectrum AnalysisSpectrum Analysis
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 29 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 29 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Spectrum analysis
Deterministic:
• Response Spectrum
• Single-Point Response Spectrum
• Multi-Point Response Spectrum
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 30 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
• Dynamic Design Analysis Method
Probabilistic:
• Random vibration
• Power Spectral Density (PSD)
Spectrum analysis -
Static pre-stress
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 32 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Spectrum analysis –
Modal analysis
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 33 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Linear Dynamics
New SNODE Solver for Modal Analysis
� Splits FE matrix in to smaller pieces –
SuperNodes
� Solves reduced eigenvalue problem
� Transforms eigenvectors back to the
original FE domain
Advances in Solver Technology
Block Lanczos
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 34 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Linear Dynamics
original FE domain
Benefits
� Ideal for > 3 mil. DOFs , >500 modes
� Non-iterative – i.e. will not fail to converge
� Does not miss modes
Applications
� Beam, shell or thin geometries
� Automotive, aerospace
� High frequency response analysis, etc.
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100 1000 4000 8000
CPU Time
Number of Modes
Block Lanczos
Supernode
Single Xeon 3.4 GHz processor
►17+ hours reduced to ~1 hour
►7 TB of I/O reduced to <300 GB
Spectrum analysis –
Analysis settings
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 35 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Spectrum analysis –
Random vibration (PSD) analysis
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 38 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Spectrum analysis - Summary
Single-Point Response Spectrum (SPRS)
1. Build model
2. Obtain modal solution
Block Lancos (missing mass)
PCG Lancos (missing mass)
Supernode
3. Obtain spectrum solution
No. of modes to use
Spectrum disp, vel, accl,
Stiffness damping
Random vibration
Power Spectral Density
1. Build model
2. Obtain modal solution
Block Lancos (missing mass)
PCG Lancos (missing mass)
Supernode
3. Expand modes
request stresses if needed
4. Obtain spectrum solution
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 39 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Stiffness damping
Constant damping ratio
Modal damping
4. Expand modes
5. Combine modes (max 10,000)
Square Root of Sum of Squares (SRSS)
Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC)
Double Sum (DSUM)
Grouping (GRP)
Naval Research Laboratory Sum (NRLSUM)
Rosenblueth (ROSE
6. Review results
Disp, forces, stresses (velocity or accel of)
Specify stresses if needed
Mass damping
Stiffness damping
Freq. Dependent damping ratio
Apply PSD excitation at desired nodes
5. Combine modes (max 10,000)
±1σ disp, stress,
6. Review results
Robust Design of a nuclear fuel rod and pin assembly
Courtesy of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
Robust Design of a nuclear fuel rod and pin assembly
Courtesy of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 40 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 40 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Fuel pin on spring Courtesy of Korea
Atomic Energy Research Institute
• Hold rod firmly in place
• Avoid fretting wear and damage to fuel cladding
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 41 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
• Simulation
– Fuel rod depresses spring 0.3mm
– Calculate overall force, local contact pressures and stresses
– Parametric study highlighting the effect of spring width on fuel rod force
Fuel pin on spring Courtesy of Korea
Atomic Energy Research Institute
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 42 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Fuel pin on spring Courtesy of Korea
Atomic Energy Research Institute
Input parameters
Response parameters
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 43 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Response parameters
Displacement Stress Stress intensity
Contact
pressures
Reaction
force
• Response surfaces
Fuel pin on spring Courtesy of Korea
Atomic Energy Research Institute
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 44 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Fuel pin on spring Courtesy of Korea
Atomic Energy Research Institute
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 45 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Summary
• 20 years ago
– 1 geometry > meshed by hand > 1 set of material properties >
worst case loading > evaluate stresses > assign safety factor
make design decision
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 46 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
make design decision
• Today
– Import CAD geometry > auto mesh > ±3σ variation in material
properties > ±3σ variation in load values > durability assessment
make design decision