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1 © NOKIA Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai Company Confidential
Antenna Hopping for UltraSite BTS
New Solution in BSS11 Application Software
Benefits:Improved spectral efficiency in UltraSiteenvironment – Less BTS sites needed
Quality and capacity improvements in purely interference limited networks
ApplicationSoftware
2 © NOKIA Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai Company Confidential
• Antenna Hopping improves the QoS both in downlink and uplink (reduces number of transmission errors)
• Transmission and reception of frames alternates between physically separated antennas according to predefined rules
• 2dB DL/UL gain in very narrow band without any additional TRX
Antenna Hopping for UltraSite BTS
TX 1
TX 2
BB
F-Bus
BB
[BCCH TRX1FN
n ], [TRX2FN
n+1
], [BCCH TRX1FN
n+2
]...
[TRX2 FNn], [BCCH TRX1FN
n+1 ], [TRX2FN
n+2
] ...
3 © NOKIA Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai Company Confidential
BCCH vs Hopping TCH Coverage
BCCH TRX Coverage
Hopping TRX Coverage
4 © NOKIA Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai Company Confidential
Antenna Hopping for UltraSite BTS
• Antenna hopping is an enhancement to RF hopping so that also BB-hopping is used internally by the BTS to transmit via different antenna
• Antenna hopping provides extra gain via improved spectral efficiency on BCCH layer in very narrow band environment (e.g. 3.6 MHz)
• Additional TRX is not required like in IDD
• Minimum configuration is 2 TRX/cell
Data route to downlink in AH configuration (FN = N)
EFBIA CHDSP
EQDSP
EDIBA
UC
DTRU
D-bus
AH master TRX
RFM asics
EFBIA CHDSP
EQDSP
EDIBA
UC
AH slave TRX
RFM asics
Fbus
signaling from the Abis I/f downlink bursts from AH master downlink bursts from AH slave
TX
TX
traffic TSs from Abis
Data route to downlink in AH configuration (FN =N+1)
EFBIA CHDSP
EQDSP
EDIBA
UC
DTRU
D-bus
AH master TRX
RFM asics
EFBIA CHDSP
EQDSP
EDIBA
UC
AH slave TRX
RFM asics
Fbus
signaling from the Abis I/f downlink bursts from AH master downlink bursts from AH slave
TX
TX
traffic TSs from Abis
Frame number FN=N Frame Number FN=N+1
5 © NOKIA Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai Company Confidential
Requirements
• BSS S11 & UltraSite CX4.04
• ULTRASITE EDGE HW
• EDGE TRX (non-EDGE TRX can be used in the same cabinet if it is in a non-hopping or RF Hopping mode)
• Minimum of 2 TRXs per BTS (or cell) where both are used for antenna hopping
• Antenna Hopping Groups can include the BCCH
6 © NOKIA Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai Company Confidential
Restrictions
• The following features cannot be used together with Antenna Hopping:
• Cannot be used with Remote Tune Combiner (RTC)• Cannot be used with Baseband Hopping (BB) in the same BTS• Cannot be used with IDD in the same BTS (IDD uses the same BB hopping
module for AH)
• The feature is OFF in the BTS if:• TRX(s) are down • The number of working TRXs fall below 2 TRXs/BTS
• The following tests are not possible when Antenna Hopping is in use
• TRX test for Nokia UltraSite• TRX loop test
7 © NOKIA Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai Company Confidential
Implementation
• Set parameter “antenna hopping (AHOP)” to Y
• AHOP is BTS level
• If HW configuration supports AH (i.e., two transmitting antennae), site visit is not needed
8 © NOKIA Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai Company Confidential
Antenna hopping without frequency hopping
• With uncorrelated TX antennas, 1.5-4.5 dB gain depending on MS speed
• With 0.5 correlation between TX antennas, 1.0-3.0 dB gain
1.0%
10.0%
100.0%
0 5 10 15 20
C/I [dB]
TC
H F
ER
TU3 nFHTU3 nFH AHTU3 nFH AH corrTU50 nFHTU50 nFH AHTU50 nFH AH corr
9 © NOKIA Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai Company Confidential
Antenna hopping with frequency hopping
• With uncorrelated TX antennas, 2 dB gain in the example FH case (random hopping over 5 adjacent frequencies)
• With 0.5 correlation between TX antennas, the gain is less than 1 dB
1.0%
10.0%
100.0%
0 5 10 15 20
C/I [dB]
TC
H F
ER
TU3 RH5
TU3 RH5 AH
TU3 RH5 AH corr
RH5 = random hopping over 5 frequencies, RF-hopping with 5 adjacent frequencies
simulated
10 © NOKIA Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai Company Confidential
BCCH Re-use in Narrowband Network
• BCCH can not use frequency hopping.
• Non-hopping traffic channels limit the performance in interference limited.
• AH improves BCCH performance => allows to tighten frequency reuse: from 5/15 to 4/12from 4/12 down to 3/9(target quality)
BCCH TCH
3.6 MHz ~ 18 carriers
BCCH TCH
5/15
4/12
Re-use
0
5
10
15
7 9 11 13 15 17
BCCH reuse factor
Bad
qua
lity
conn
ectio
ns [%
] (co
nnec
tion
FE
R >
1%
) GSM EFR, reference
GSM EFR, IDD
3/9
4/125/15
EFR IDD
EFR
11 © NOKIA Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai Company Confidential
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Rel
ativ
e sp
ectr
al e
ffici
ency
3.6 MHz 4.8 MHz 7.2 MHz
AH on allfrequencies
AH on BCCH
reference
From the point of view of spectral efficiency, the
benefits of AH are higher in narrowband
Total network level capacity (BCCH + EFR TCH)
• Reference case: Lower spectral efficiency with small bandwidth since BCCH layer reserves most of the band
• AH on BCCH: Improves spectral efficiency significantly due to decreased BCCH reuse (more hopping EFR TCH frequencies)
• AH on all TRXs: Some additional capacity in EFR case
12 © NOKIA Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai Company Confidential
Antenna Configuration 1/2
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
COMB2way
COMB2way
COMB2way
COMB2way
COMB2way
COMB2way
DDU(Filter)
Port 1
Port 2
Antenna
Antenna
Dual Stage 2 Way Combining
13 © NOKIA Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai Company Confidential
Antenna Coniguration 2/2
TRXCOMB2way
TRX
TRX
TRX
COMB2way
DDU(Filter)
Port 1
Port 2 Antenna
Antenna
Single Stage 2 Way Combining
14
©NOKIA V
ersio
n 0.1 / 7
-7-2004 / S
amur W
orasilp
chai
Company Confid
entia
l
1700H Performance Trends (Live
Trial)
DC
R_8C
1700H
0
0.5 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
09-01-2004:17
09-04-2004:17
09-07-2004:17
09-10-2004:17
09-13-2004:17
09-16-2004:17
09-19-2004:17
09-22-2004:17
09-25-2004:17
09-28-2004:17
10-01-2004:17
10-04-2004:17
10-07-2004:17
10-10-2004:17
10-13-2004:17
10-16-2004:17
10-19-2004:17
10-22-2004:17
10-25-2004:17
10-28-2004:17
10-31-2004:17
%
DC
R_8c
thre
shold
1th
reshold
2
DC
R C
auses 1700H
0
0.5 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
3.5 4
09-01-2004:17
09-04-2004:17
09-07-2004:17
09-10-2004:17
09-13-2004:17
09-16-2004:17
09-19-2004:17
09-22-2004:17
09-25-2004:17
09-28-2004:17
10-01-2004:17
10-04-2004:17
10-07-2004:17
10-10-2004:17
10-13-2004:17
10-16-2004:17
10-19-2004:17
10-22-2004:17
10-25-2004:17
10-28-2004:17
10-31-2004:17
tch
_a
ct_
fail_
call
tch
_la
pd
_fa
il
tch
_n
etw
_ac
t
tch
_u
ser_
ac
t
tch
_b
ts_
fail
tch
_b
csu
_re
set
tch
_a
_if_
fail_
old
tch
_a
_if_
fail_
ca
ll
tch
_tr_
fail_
old
tch
_tr_
fail
tch
_a
bis
_fa
il_old
tch
_a
bis
_fa
il
tch
_rf_
old
_h
o
tch
_ra
dio
_fa
il
HO
Fa
ilure
Ra
te 1
70
0H
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
09-01-2004:17
09-04-2004:17
09-07-2004:17
09-10-2004:17
09-13-2004:17
09-16-2004:17
09-19-2004:17
09-22-2004:17
09-25-2004:17
09-28-2004:17
10-01-2004:17
10-04-2004:17
10-07-2004:17
10-10-2004:17
10-13-2004:17
10-16-2004:17
10-19-2004:17
10-22-2004:17
10-25-2004:17
10-28-2004:17
10-31-2004:17
%
ho_
fail_
inte
rho_fa
il_in
traho_fa
ilth
reshold
1th
res
hold
2
EF
L 1700H
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
09-01-2004:17
09-04-2004:17
09-07-2004:17
09-10-2004:17
09-13-2004:17
09-16-2004:17
09-19-2004:17
09-22-2004:17
09-25-2004:17
09-28-2004:17
10-01-2004:17
10-04-2004:17
10-07-2004:17
10-10-2004:17
10-13-2004:17
10-16-2004:17
10-19-2004:17
10-22-2004:17
10-25-2004:17
10-28-2004:17
10-31-2004:17
%
Ho
pp
ing
EF
L/C
ell
15
©NOKIA V
ersio
n 0.1 / 7
-7-2004 / S
amur W
orasilp
chai
Company Confid
entia
l
2100H Performance Trends (Live
Trial)
DC
R_8C
2100H
0
0.5 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
3.5
09-01-2004:21
09-04-2004:21
09-07-2004:21
09-10-2004:21
09-13-2004:21
09-16-2004:21
09-19-2004:21
09-22-2004:21
09-25-2004:21
09-28-2004:21
10-01-2004:21
10-04-2004:21
10-07-2004:21
10-10-2004:21
10-13-2004:21
10-16-2004:21
10-19-2004:21
10-22-2004:21
10-25-2004:21
10-28-2004:21
10-31-2004:21
%
DC
R_
8c
thre
sh
old
1th
res
ho
ld2
DC
R C
au
se
s 2
10
0H
0
0.5 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
3.5 4
4.5
09-01-2004:21
09-04-2004:21
09-07-2004:21
09-10-2004:21
09-13-2004:21
09-16-2004:21
09-19-2004:21
09-22-2004:21
09-25-2004:21
09-28-2004:21
10-01-2004:21
10-04-2004:21
10-07-2004:21
10-10-2004:21
10-13-2004:21
10-16-2004:21
10-19-2004:21
10-22-2004:21
10-25-2004:21
10-28-2004:21
10-31-2004:21
tch_
ac
t_fa
il_call
tch_
lap
d_fa
il
tch_
ne
tw_
ac
t
tch_
us
er_
ac
t
tch_
bts
_fa
il
tch_
bc
su_
reset
tch_
a_
if_fa
il_old
tch_
a_
if_fa
il_call
tch_
tr_fa
il_o
ld
tch_
tr_fa
il
tch_
ab
is_fa
il_old
tch_
ab
is_fa
il
tch_
rf_old
_ho
tch_
radio
_fa
il
HO
Failu
re R
ate 2100H
0 5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
09-01-2004:21
09-04-2004:21
09-07-2004:21
09-10-2004:21
09-13-2004:21
09-16-2004:21
09-19-2004:21
09-22-2004:21
09-25-2004:21
09-28-2004:21
10-01-2004:21
10-04-2004:21
10-07-2004:21
10-10-2004:21
10-13-2004:21
10-16-2004:21
10-19-2004:21
10-22-2004:21
10-25-2004:21
10-28-2004:21
10-31-2004:21
%
ho_
fail_
inte
rh
o_
fail_
intra
ho
_fa
ilth
res
ho
ld1
thre
sh
old
2
EF
L 2100H
0 2 4 6 8
10
12
14
16
09-01-2004:21
09-04-2004:21
09-07-2004:21
09-10-2004:21
09-13-2004:21
09-16-2004:21
09-19-2004:21
09-22-2004:21
09-25-2004:21
09-28-2004:21
10-01-2004:21
10-04-2004:21
10-07-2004:21
10-10-2004:21
10-13-2004:21
10-16-2004:21
10-19-2004:21
10-22-2004:21
10-25-2004:21
10-28-2004:21
10-31-2004:21
%
Hoppin
gEFL/C
ell
16 © NOKIA Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai Company Confidential
DCR Performance Gains
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
EFL
DC
R 8
c
Baseline (before)
AH
Baseline (after)
15 BCCH
20% gain
17 © NOKIA Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai Company Confidential
Preliminary SDCCH Success Rate
98.00
98.20
98.40
98.60
98.80
99.00
99.20
99.40
99.60
99.80
100.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
EFL
%
Baseline (before)
AH
Baseline (after)
15 BCCH
18 © NOKIA Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai Company Confidential
Conclusions
• Quality and capacity improvements in interference limited networks
• 1-3 dB gain without FH (TU3, 0.5 correlation between TX antennas)
• 0.5 dB gain with RH5 (TU3, 0.5 correlation between TX antennas)
• Actual field trials show a 20% gain in the Drop Call Rate
• Mobile and Static traffic benefit from the processing gain
• Improved KPIs (DCR and HOSR)
• Possible benefits on hopping layer with high frequency correlation