Post on 09-Mar-2018
transcript
AP Art History Powerpoint By: Shabeeb Reza
Introduction1. Petra, Jordan2. Treasury, Jordan3. Great Temple, Jordan4. Buddha Bamiyan, Afghanistan5. The Kaaba Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Petra, Jordan● Located in the southwestern
desert of Jordan between the Red Sea and the Dead Sea
● Half-built and half carved into rock
● “Rose city”● Was the capital city to the
Nabataean kingdom● 400 BCE-100 CE● Nabataean Ptolemaic and
Roman
Strabo- 64 BCE-21 CE ● A greek Geographer and
historian● Recorded the Nabataeans
activities
Nabataeans● A nomadic tribe from Arabia in sixth century BCE● Highly skilled engineers and highly skilled traders● Spoke a dialect of Arabic and later adopted the use of Aramaic● Worshipped a pantheon of deities
King Aretas IV (reigned 9 BCE- 40 CE) ● “Aretas, King of the
Nabataeans, Friend of his People”
● Crucial for adjusting state affairs
Nabataean Religion● The six main gods: Al Quam-the
warrior god, Al Kutbay-the god of divination, Allat-the goddess of spring and fertility, Al Uzza-goddess of love , Manawat-the god of destiny, and Dushares-lord of the mountains
● Represented their gods in the form of a stelae
The Siq● The siq is referred to a
“thaniya” which means a small crack in a mountain
● The siq is the main entrance into Petra
● 3 meters wide(9.8 feet) and 1.2 kilometers(0.75 mile) long
Treasury- “Al-Khazneh”● 400 BCE-100 CE● Greek-influenced architecture● Nabataean Ptolemaic and
Roman● 250 feet high● Sandstone ● Made for King Aretas IV?
Corinthian Capital
Pediment
Treasury● On top, four eagles
rest representing to carry away the souls
● Middle level, rest the dancing Amazon's, Isis-Tyche, and twin gods (Castor and Pollux)
Great Temple● One of the largest and
freestanding complexes in Petra● Nabataeans and King Aretas IV● Nabataean style● Sandstone● 400 BCE-100 CE
Buddha Bamiyan, Afghanistan● Located between India and
Central Asia● 400-800 CE● Cut rock with plaster and
polychrome paint● Considered to be the
largest buddha statue in the world
● Gandhara
Gandhara=Greco-Buddhist Art
Buddhism in Afghanistan● Buddhism was one of the main
religions in Afghanistan in 350 BCE
● Greek Seleucid Empire and the Indian Mauryan Empire to form a federation
Before destruction and after destruction
The Kaaba Mecca, Saudi Arabia● Created by Ibrahim and
Ismail for the dedication to Prophet Muhammad
● 631-632 CE● Pre-Islamic Monument● Granite masonry, covered
with silk curtain and calligraphy and silver wrapped thread
Ibrahim and Ismail● Prophet of God● “The sacrifice”
The Black Stone- “Al-Hajar-Aswad”● Stone from paradise ● Brought from the angel
Gabriel
The modifications of the Kaaba ● 644-656 Caliph Uthman, built the colonnades around the open space● 683 Caliph Ibn-Zubayr resembled the black stone with a silver frame, he also
rebuilt the Kaaba in wood and stone● 705-715 Umayyad caliph Al-Walid decorated it with mosaics● In the seventh century, the Kaaba was covered with the kiswa● 1468-1496 Sultan Qaitbay built a madrasa against one side of the mosque● 1520-1574 Suleiman I and Selim II renovated the complex massively● 1631 Kaaba was entirely rebuilt after natural disasters● During the 1950s, Saudi Arabia government expanded the mosque
Calligraphy● The most important use
of art in Islamic art● Highest form of art● Used to transmit text
(Qur'an) from God to Muhammad
Mosque architecture
Sahn (courtyard)
Mosque architecture
Mihrab (niche)- used for position to pray
Mosque architecture
Minaret-used to call for prayer
Mosque architecture
Qubba (dome)-symbolic representation of the vault of heaven
Mosque architecture (decorations)
Hanging lamps-used to lighten prayer hall through day and night
Mosque ArchitectureMosque patronage-schools,kitchens, medical clinics...etc
Famous Islamic Monuments
Selimiye Mosque, Edirne,Turkey
● Built in sixteenth century
● Considered to be one of the best examples of Islamic Architecture
Famous Islamic MonumentsNasir Al-Mulk Mosque, Shiraz, Iran
● Built in 1888● Known as the “pink
mosque”● Considered to be a
traditional mosque
Nasir Al-Mulk Mosque, Shiraz, Iran
Famous Islamic MonumentsHassan II Mosque, Casablanca, Morocco
● Built in 1993● Largest mosque in Africa● Tallest minaret in the world
(689 ft)● On the coast of the Atlantic
Ocean
Hassan II Mosque, Casablanca, Morocco
Famous Islamic MonumentsTaj Mahal, Agra, India
● Built in 1632-1658
● Built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan
● Dedicated to his wife(s)
Bibliographyhttp://nabataea.net/gods.html
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/nabataean/a/petra-the-rose-red-city-of-the-nabataeans
http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/his_nabateans.html
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-asia/south-asia/afghanistan/a/bamiyan-buddhas
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-islam/beginners-guide-islamic/a/the-kaaba