Post on 21-Dec-2015
transcript
Regents Biology
Science in the News http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYAY
wujKvH4
Regents Biology
Respiration Review
What do we already know about respiration?
Cellular Respiration: the process by which an organism obtains energy by reacting oxygen with glucose to give water, carbon dioxide and ATP (energy)
Types of respiration: aerobic and anaerobic
Regents Biology
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Reactants Products C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP Oxygen goes in, Carbon dioxide comes out –
how? Gas exchange: process by which gases diffuse
between an organism and the external environment
Regents Biology
Why do we need a respiratory system? Gas Exchange: Need O2 in
for cellular respiration
Need CO2 and water out waste product
O2
food
ATP
CO2
Regents Biology
The Respiratory Surface The surface in which gas exchange
takes place Thin-walled Moist In contact with surrounding oxygen In contact with a transport system Based on diffusion Large surface area
O2
O2
O2 O2
O2
Regents Biology
Simple Organisms: Gas Exchange
Protists and Cnidarians: Gases diffuse through cell membranes
Annelida: Skin kept moist by mucous to facilitate gas diffusion into and out of blood
Grasshoppers: Gas enters spiracles in the abdomen and contacts body cells through branching tubes called tracheae
Regents Biology
Gills: getting O2 from water Gills are gas exchange
membranes outside of the body thin tissue
high surface area must stay wet
lots of blood vessels gas exchange
O2 into blood
CO2 out to water
gills
water
Just keepswimming…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEIRlw5rCUk
Regents Biology
Human Respiratory System
A system of passageways that connects the lungs to the outside air.
Permits air to permeate the lungs and waste gases to leave
Function: A moist internal membrane maintained for the exchange of gases between the body and the external environment
Regents Biology
Lungs gas exchange organ
trachea bronchi bronchiole tubes bronchioles alveoli
enclosed in pleura Layered membrane with lubricating fluid
Separated from abdominal cavity by diaphragm Muscle on at bottom of chest cavity
Regents Biology
Pathway of Air Inhalation
Nasal passages Hairs filter the air Mucus moistens the air Capillaries warm the air
Pharynx (throat) Back of oral cavity where it
joins nasal cavity Air passes to go to trachea Epiglottis covers opening to
trachea Larynx
Voice box made of cartilage Vocal chords produce sound
Regents Biology
Pathway of Air Trachea (windpipe)
tube made of ring shaped cartilage
Connects pharynx with bronchi cilia and mucus trap particles
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sU_8juD3YzQ&feature=player_embedded#!
Bronchi (right and left) Two cartilage ribbed tubes Enter each lung Lined with cilia Branch further into bronchial
tubes & bronchioles Highly branched microscopic
tubules (no cartilage)
Regents Biology
Pathway of Air Alveoli
Tiny air chambers at end of each bronchiole
Respiratory surface 1 cell thick Thin Moist Many capillaries High surface area
About 300 million alveoli in
your lungs!
Regents Biology
Moving gases into bloodstream
Inhale O2 diffuses from
alveoli to blood
Exhale CO2 and water
diffuses from blood to alveoli
capillaries(circulatory system)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoSTehS7iq8&feature=player_embedded#
!
Regents Biology
Gas exchange: Diffusion of gases Gases move by diffusion from high to low
concentration capillaries are thin-walled tubes of circulatory
system alveoli are thin-walled sacs of respiratory
system
blood lungs
CO2
O2
CO2
O2
blood body
CO2
O2
CO2
O2
capillaries in lungs capillaries in muscle
Regents Biologyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrawNbjq91g
Respiratory System
Regents Biology
What is breathing? Breathing: the act of inhalation and
exhalation, during which gas exchange occurs
Requires the movement of the ribcage and the diaphragm
Diaphragm: muscular layer separating the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity
Regents Biology
Negative pressure breathing
Air moves from high low pressure Diaphragm muscle that moves down & expands
chest cavity pulls air into lungs
inhale exhale
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY
Regents Biology
Automatic Brain Control You don’t have to think to breathe! Brain coordinates
breathing Measure CO2
CO2 = increase breathing
coordinate breathing, heart rate & body’s need for energy
Regents Biology
Breathing and Homeostasis Homeostasis
keeping the internal environment of the body balanced
need to balance O2 in and CO2 out need to balance energy (ATP) production
Exercise breathe faster
need more ATP bring in more O2 & remove more CO2
Disease poor lung or heart function = breathe faster
need to work harder to bring in O2 & remove CO2
O2
ATP
CO2
Regents Biology
Asthma Airways narrow, swell and produce extra
mucus Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, coughing Environmental & genetic Triggered by exercise, allergens, cold, pollutants
Regents Biology
Lung Cancer Deadliest type of cancer Abnormal growth of cells in lungs
Leading cause: Cigarette smoke Chest pain, blood, coughing, wheezing
Regents Biology
Bronchitis Inflamed bronchial
passages Coughing, phlegm,
breathlessness Chronic or acute Viral or bacterial
Overtime alveoli become destroyed Less surface area Less oxygen
delivered Smoking
Emphysema
Regents Biology
Respiration & Homeostasis How does your respiratory system maintain
homeostasis when there is less O2 available? Exercise, high altitudes, disease
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YC9sBo1WHXA