Post on 14-Jan-2016
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AP Biology AP Test Review Cells Jeopardy
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A: Biochem
B: Enzymes C: Cell Structure
D: Cell Function
E: Cell Respiration
Final Jeopardy
F: Photo-synthesis
G: Cells Grab Bag
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©Norman Herr, 2003
QuestionAnswer
A-100• ANSWER: Monomers of carbohydrates,
proteins and nucleic acids, respectively?• QUESTION: What are monosaccharides,
amino acids and nucleotides?
QuestionAnswer
A-200
• ANSWER: cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, respectively
• QUESTION: What are the clinging of like molecules, the attraction/clinging of different molecules and a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break a liquid surface?
QuestionAnswer
A-300
• ANSWER: dehydration and hydrolysis reactions, respectively
• QUESTION: What reactions bind molecules while removing a water molecule; and what reactions split molecules while adding a water molecule?
QuestionAnswer
A-400
• ANSWER: The 2 functional groups always found in amino acids
• QUESTION: What are the amino (NH2) and Carboxyl (COOH) groups?
QuestionAnswer
A-500• ANSWER: The 4 levels of protein
structure
• QUESTION: What are– A polypeptide (or amino acid) chain– A coiled or folded pattern of the chain– A unique 3-D structure from the coils/folds
resulting from side chain interactions– Interaction of 2 or more polypeptides into
one unique 3-D macromolecule
QuestionAnswer
• ANSWER: Free energy
• QUESTION: What is the portion of a system’s energy that can do work?
B-100
QuestionAnswer
B-200
• ANSWER: Exergonic, endergonic and equilibrium reactions
• QUESTION: What are reactions that have a net release of free energy, absorb free energy and those that do no work?
QuestionAnswer
B-300
• ANSWER: The effect enzymes have on activation energy and free energy in a reaction
• QUESTION: What are 1) reduction, and 2) no change, respectively?
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B-400• ANSWER: Competitive inhibitor
• QUESTION: What type of molecule inhibits enzyme activity by binding at the active site, thus competing with the substrate?
QuestionAnswer
B-500
• ANSWER: Allosteric regulation, activator and inhibitor
• QUESTION: In what type of enzyme regulation does the regulatory molecule bind to a separate site; and what are the terms for the molecules that stabilize the active and inactive forms of the enzyme, respectively?
QuestionAnswer
C-100
• ANSWER: The functions of smooth and rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• QUESTION: What are– Lipid synthesis and toxin detox– Assistance in protein synthesis, respectively
QuestionAnswer
C-200
• ANSWER: The functions of lysosomes and peroxisomes, respectively
• QUESTION: What are
– Digestion of macromolecules by enzymes and an acidic environment; and
– Breakdown of various substances including some toxins and H2O2?
QuestionAnswer
C-300• ANSWER: Golgi complex (or apparatus)• QUESTION: What organelle receives
incomplete proteins from the ER, then completes their processing and packages them into vesicles for transport elsewhere in the cell or out of the cell?
QuestionAnswer
C-400• ANSWER: A jelly-like outer coating on
many prokaryotes
• QUESTION: What is a capsule?
QuestionAnswer
C-500
• ANSWER: Nucleoid and Nucleolus
• QUESTION: What is the region in a prokaryote where its DNA is located; and what is the region inside a eukaryotic cell where ribosomes are made?
QuestionAnswer
D-100
• ANSWER: The fluid mosaic model
• QUESTION: What model describes the cell membrane as a flexible phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that can move somewhat?
QuestionAnswer
D-200
• ANSWER: The mechanisms for passive and active transport
• QUESTION: What are diffusion down a concentration gradient (passive) and use of energy to move solutes against their gradients (active)?
QuestionAnswer
D-300• ANSWER: Parts of a signal transduction
pathway
• QUESTION: What are reception, transduction and response?
QuestionAnswer
D-400• ANSWER: Paracrine, Synaptic and
Hormonal signaling• QUESTION: What types of cell signaling
involve 1) cells communicating with nearby cells, 2) nerve cell transmission, and 3) long distance cell communication via hormones?
QuestionAnswer
D-500• ANSWER: The mechanism by which signal
amplification occurs in a cell’s response to a signal
• QUESTION: What occurs during signal transduction when each molecule in an enzyme cascade activate numerous molecules in the next step before becoming inactive (may also involve scaffolding proteins)?
QuestionAnswer
E-100
• ANSWER: The purpose of cellular respiration
• QUESTION: What is the manufacture of ATP?
QuestionAnswer
E-200• ANSWER: The 3 steps in cellular
respiration and the 2 parts of the last step
• QUESTION: What are glycolysis, the Krebs (or citric acid) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation; and what are the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis?
QuestionAnswer
E-300• ANSWER: 2 types of fermentation, and
example organisms that have these processes
• QUESTION: What is alcoholic fermentation, done by yeasts and some bacteria, and what is lactic acid fermentation, done by animal muscles
QuestionAnswer
E-400
• ANSWER: The function of the citric acid cycle, and its waste product
• QUESTION: What is the breakdown of pyruvic acid (as Acetyl CoA) to the high-energy molecules NADH, FADH2 and ATP, and its release of CO2
QuestionAnswer
E-500• ANSWER: This is what occurs in the 2
processes of oxidative phosphorylation• QUESTION: What is the ETC, in which
electron transfer creates a H+ gradient, followed by chemiosmosis, a coupled reaction in which H+ moves thru ATP Synthase in the mitochondrial membrane, synthesizing ATP as H+ enters the mitochondrial matrix
QuestionAnswer
F-100
• ANSWER: The general purpose of photosynthesis and the term given to organisms that conduct it
• QUESTION: What is the conversion of light energy into chemical energy, and autotrophs?
QuestionAnswer
F-200• ANSWER: The 2 major processes of
photosynthesis and the 2 reaction centers of the first process (in the order they are active)
• QUESTION: What are light-dependent and the Calvin Cycle (or light-independent) reactions, and what are photosystems II and I?
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F-300
• ANSWER: the coupled process that uses the energy in a H+ gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP
• QUESTION: What is chemiosmosis?
QuestionAnswer
F-400
• ANSWER: Cyclic electron flow• QUESTION: What is the production of extra
ATP that uses PS I, the ETC and back to PS I to generate more ATP than NADPH?
QuestionAnswer
F-500• ANSWER: The 3 stages and product of the
Calvin Cycle• QUESTION: What are Carbon fixation,
Reduction, and Regeneration (of RuBP), and sugar (G3P)
QuestionAnswer
G-100
• ANSWER: Cell junctions in plant and animal cells (respectively) that permit passage of some materials from one cell to another
• QUESTION: What are gap junctions and plasmodesmata?
QuestionAnswer
G-200• ANSWER: When a substance is pumped
across a membrane, then does work as it moves across the membrane by diffusion while another substance moves with the first against its concentration gradient
• QUESTION: What is cotransport?
QuestionAnswer
G-300• ANSWER: Substrate Phosphorylation• QUESTION: What is the formation of ATP by
directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from another (substrate or intermediate) molecule
QuestionAnswer
G-400
• ANSWER: Photorespiration
• QUESTION: What is the process in which photosynthesis is reduced (CO2 is released, O2 is consumed, no ATP is made) as a result of hot, dry conditions?
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G-500
• ANSWER: Scaffolding protein and its function
• QUESTION: What is a large relay protein to which other relay proteins are attached, increasing the efficiency of signal transduction?
QuestionAnswer
FINAL JEOPARDY• ANSWER: The energy-carrying
molecules produced in cellular respiration vs. those produced in photosynthesis
• QUESTION: – In cellular respiration, what are NADH,
FADH2 and ATP– In photosynthesis, what are NADPH and
ATP