IndustryAP Human Geography

Big Ideas

What is industry? What impacts did the Industrial

Revolution have? What regions are heavily industrial?

Sectors of the Economy

Primary sector (agriculture)- Ch. 10 Extraction of raw materials from the Earth Farming, mining, fishing, forestry Higher % in LDC’s than MDC’s, decreasing globally

Secondary sector (industry)- Ch. 11 Turn raw materials into useful products Food processing, manufacture of consumer goods Decrease in MDC’s; increase in LDC’s

Tertiary sector (services)- Ch. 12 Provision of goods and services in exchange for $ Retail, banking, education, govt, etc. High % in MDC’s

What is Industry?

The manufacturing of goods in a factory

Secondary sector Historically, major

source of jobs in MDC’s.

Shifting from MDC’s to LDC’s Impact of job loss in

MDC’s

The Industrial Revolution Industrialization- the

process by which industry develops in a country; shift from primary to secondary sector.

Begins mid to late 1700’s (18th century) in N. England/ S. Scotland

Diffusion to N. America/ W. Europe by mid-1800’s.

Rest of the world in 20th century.

Led to many social, economic, political changes. Higher income, better

healthcare, education, etc.

The Industrial Revolution New technologies (steam engine) increase

production…less reliance on animal/human power.

Shift from agricultural to industrial society People leave rural areas for urban…cities

grow rapidly! Industries impacted by the IR: iron, coal,

transportation, textiles, chemicals, food processing.

Overall, standard of living increases as a result of IR

Watt Steam Engine

Industry in Europe

Origin of the IR (Great Britain) United Kingdom

Steel, textiles High tech Rhine-Ruhr Valley (Germany, Belgium,

Netherlands) Iron, steel, railroads, armaments Port of Rotterdam

Mid-Rhine (Germany/ France) Consumer markets

Po Basin (Italy) Textile

NE Spain Textile, vehicles

Russia

Industry in North America IR spread to U.S. early to mid- 1800’s New England (Boston)

Textiles Middle Atlantic (NYC/ Philly/Baltimore)

Largest American market, entertainment Mohawk Valley (Buffalo)

Steel Pittsburgh/ Lake Erie (Pitt/ Cleveland)

Steel Western Great Lakes (Chicago, Detroit, Gary)

Steel, auto, food So California (LA)

Clothing, textile, furniture SE Ontario (Hamilton, ON)

Steel

Industry in East Asia

Japan (1950-60’s) Originally cut-rate goods…now highest

quality Cars, electronics, precision tools Tokyo/ Nagasaki/ Osaka

China Low-cost labor Textiles/apparel Household products Guangdong/ Hong Kong/ Shanghai/ Beijing