Apartheid was a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party governments, the ruling party from 1948 to 1994, under which the rights, associations, and movements of the majority

black inhabitants were curtailed and Afrikaner minority rule was maintained.

Assimilation

• Cultural assimilation is the process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group.

migration

• Human migration is the movement by people from one place to another with the intention of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location.

labor

• Physical or mental exertion, especially when difficult or exhausting; work.

creoles

• a person born in the West Indies or Spanish America but of European, usually Spanish, ancestry. 2. a person born in Louisiana but of usually French ancestry

mestizos

• a person of mixed blood; specifically : a person of mixed European and American Indian ancestry.

indigos

• Indio, person of indigenous peoples of the Americas

Peninsulares

• was a Spanish-born Spaniard, or mainland Spaniard, residing in the New World or the Spanish East Indies

Monsoon winds

• seasonal winds• Rainy season• Dry season

San Andrea's

• San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 810 miles

East Eritrea

• Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan to the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast.

• Land locked

North Anatolian

• The North Anatolian Fault (NAF) (Turkish: Kuzey Anadolu Fay Hattı) is an active right-lateral strike-slip fault in northern Anatolia which runs along the transform boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the Anatolian Plate.

Global warming

• The current cycle of global warming is changing the rhythms of climate that all living things have come to rely upon.

Coriolis effect

• The actual paths of winds—and of ocean currents, which are pushed by wind—are partly a result of the Coriolis effect.

• The Coriolis effect is caused by the rotation of the Earth and the inertia of the mass experiencing the effect

Greenhouse effect

• The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases

Brain drain

• the emigration of highly trained or intelligent people from a particular country

Doldrums

• an equatorial region of the Atlantic Ocean with calms, sudden storms, and light unpredictable winds.

• Intertropical Convergence Zone, a low-pressure area around the equator where the prevailing winds are calm.

Trade winds

• The trade winds (sometimes called trades) are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics, within the lower portion of the Earth's atmosphere, in the lower section of the troposphere near the Earth's equator.

Mediterranean climate

• Mediterranean climate, major climate type of the Köppen classification characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters and located between about 30° and 45° latitude north and south of the Equator and on the western sides of the continents.

Rain shadow effectorographic effect

• A rain shadow is a dry area on the lee side of a mountainous area (away from the wind). The mountains block the passage of rain-producing weather systems and cast a "shadow" of dryness behind them.

Rift valley

• A rift valley is a linear-shaped lowland between several highlands or mountain ranges created by the action of a geologic rift or fault.

River plain

• Erosional plains that have been leveled by various agents of denudation such as running water, rivers, wind and glacier which wear out the rugged surface

steppe

• a large area of flat unforested grassland in southeastern Europe or Siberia

• Steppes are usually characterized by a semi-arid and continental climate. Extremes can be recorded in the summer of up to 40 °C (104 °F) and in winter, –40 °C (–40 °F).

Delta

• A river delta is a landform that forms at the mouth of a river, where the river flows into an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, or reservoir. Deltas form from deposition of sediment carried by a river as the flow leaves its mouth.

Push and pull factors

• The push factor involves a force which acts to drive people away from a place and the pull factor is what draws them to a new location.

desertification

• Desertification is the process which turns productive into non- productive desert as a result of poor land-management.

• Desertification occurs mainly in semi-arid areas (average annual rainfall less than 600 mm) bordering on deserts. In the Sahel, (the semi-arid area south of the Sahara Desert), for example, the desert moved 100 km southwards between 1950 and 1975.

Ring of fire

• The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean

Great plains

• The Great Plains is the broad expanse of flat land, much of it covered in prairie, steppe and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada

Appalachian mountains

• The Appalachian Mountains are the oldest mountain chain in North America. They sweep from Newfoundland to Alabama.

Rocky mountains

• The Rocky Mountains, commonly known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range in western North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch more than 3,000 miles (4,830 km) from the northernmost part of British Columbia, in western Canada, to New Mexico, in the southwestern United States

Canadian shield

• The Canadian Shield constitutes the largest mass of exposed Precambrian rock on the face of the Earth.

Pangaea

• Pangaea or Pangea was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It formed approximately 300 million years ago and then began to break apart after about 100 million years.

Northern European plains

• The North European Plain, or Middle European Plain is a geomorphological region in Europe, mostly in Poland, Germany, Denmark and Netherlands

Sahel

• The Sahel[p] is the ecoclimatic and biogeographic zone of transition in Africa between the Sahara Desert to the north and the Sudanian Savanna to the south.

Ganges River valley

• The Ganges is India's holiest river, considered a source of spiritual purification for devout Hindus