•Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is...

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3/4/02 S. Davenport © 1

Appendicular Skeleton

•Pectoral girdles•Upper limbs•Pelvic girdle•Lower limbs

PECTORAL GIRDLES

• Pectoral girdles– Scapulae– Clavicles

Pectoral girdles, as seen in anterior view

Pectoral girdles, as seen in a posterior view

ScapulaIdentify:Right side or left side?Anterior or posterior?• Acromion process• Axillary border• Corocoid process• Glenoid cavity (fossa)• Superior border• Vertebral border

ScapulaIdentify:Right side or left side?Anterior or posterior?• Acromion process• Axillary border• Corocoid process• Glenoid cavity (fossa)• Spine• Superior border• Vertebral border

Articulations of Scapula• What bones articulate

with the scapula?• Specifically what

articulates at the– Glenoid cavity (fossa)?– Acromion process?

• How does the body of the scapula attach to the rib cage?

Clavicle

• Identify– Sternal end– Acromial end

Articulations of Clavicle

• What bones articulate with the clavicle?• Specifically what articulates at the

– Acromial end?– Sternal end?

UPPER LIMB• Arm

– Humerus• Forearm

– Radius– Ulna

• Hand– Carpals– Metacarpals– Phalanges

Upper Limbs• Consists of the

– Right and left humeri (#1)• Each articulates proximally with its respective

scapula and distally with its respective ulna and radius

– Right and left radii (#2)• Each articulates proximally with its respective

humerus and ulna and distally with its respective hand (wrist, or carpus) and ulna

– Right and left ulnas (#3)• Each articulates proximally with its respective

humerus and radius and distally with an articular disk (which separates the carpusfrom its respective radius)

– Right and left hands (#4)• Each articulates proximally with its respective

radius and an articular disk (which separates from ulna)

Left, upper limb, anterior

Right, upper limb, anterior

• Humerus– The humerus is the only bone of the arm

HumerusIdentify:Anterior or Posterior?Left or Right side?• Deltoid tuberosity• Greater tubercle• Head• Intertubercular groove• Lesser tubercle• Surgical neck

HumerusIdentify:Anterior or Posterior?Left or Right side?• Capitulum• Coronoid fossa• Diaphysis• Lateral epicondyle• Medial epicondyle• Radial fossa• Trochlea

Humerus

Identify:Anterior or Posterior?Left or Right side?• Anatomical neck• Greater tubercle• Head• Surgical neck

HumerusIdentify:Anterior or Posterior?Left or Right side?• Diaphysis• Lateral epicondyle• Medial epicondyle• Olecranon fossa• Trochlea

Articulations ofHumerus

• The humerus articulates with which bones?

• Specifically what articulates at the:– head of humerus?– trochlea?– capitulum?

FOREARM

• Radius and ulna are the bones of the forearm.– Ulna is medial– Radius is lateral

Identify:• Olecranon process• Trochlear notch• Coronoid process• Radial notch

Identify• Diaphysis• Head

Identify:• Coronoid process• Olecranon process• Radial notch• Trochlear notch

Identify:• Diaphysis• Head• Styloid process

Ulnar articulations

• The ulna articulates with which bones?

• Specifically what articulates at the:– trochlear notch?– radial notch?– head of radius?

Radius

Identify• Head• Neck• Radial tuberosity

Radius

Identify• Diaphysis• Styloid process• Ulnar notch

Articulations of Radius

• The radius articulates with which bones?

• Specifically what articulates at the:– head?– distal concave surface?

• Hand consists of three bony regions– Carpal bones– Metacarpal bones– Phalanges

HandIdentify• Carpals• Distal phalanx• Metacarpals• Middle phalanx• Phalanges• Pollex• Proximal phalanx

Articulations of Hand

• The hand articulates with which bones?

• Specifically what articulates with the:– carpals, the lunate and

scaphoid?

PELVIC GIRDLE

• Pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones (os coxae)– Anterior articulation between two

coxal bones is the pubic symphysis– Posterior articulation of coxal

bones is with the sacrum– Lateral articulation of coxal bones

is with head of each femur• Pelvis consists of the pelvic

girdle, sacrum, and coccyx

Coxal bone6 Identify:

• Anterior inferior iliac spine• Auricular surface• Ilium• Ischium• Obturator foramen• Pubis

Coxal boneIdentify:• Acetabulum• Anterior inferior iliac spine• Anterior superior iliac spine• Iliac crest• Ischial tuberosity• Obturator foramen• Pubis

Articulations of the Coxal Bone

• The coxal bone articulates with which bones?

• Specifically what articulates at the:– Pubis?– Acetabulum?– Auricular surface?

LOWER LIMBS• Thigh

– Femur is the only bone of the thigh• Leg

– Tibia is medial weight bearing bone– Fibula is lateral bone

• Foot– Tarsal bones– Metatarsal bones– Phalanges

Lower Limbs• Consists of the

– Femurs (#1)• Proximally each articulates with its respective coxal

bone and distally with its respective patella (anteriorly) and tibia (inferiorly)

– Patellas (#2)• Each patella articulates with its respective femur (distal

anterior surface) – Tibias (#3)

• Proximally each tibia articulates with its respective femur and fibula and distally with its respective foot (carpus, or ankle) and fibula

– Fibulas (#4)• Proximally each fibula articulates with its respective

tibia and distally with its respective foot (carpus, or ankle) and tibia

– Feet (#5)• The carpus (ankle) of each foot articulates with its

respective tibia and fibula

Left, lower limb, anterior

Right, lower limb, anterior

Identify:Right or left side?Anterior or posterior?• Head• Greater trochanter• Lesser trochanter• Neck

Identify:• Diaphysis• Lateral condyle• Lateral epicondyle• Medial condyle• Medial epicondyle• Patellar surface

FemurIdentify• Greater trochanter• Head• Intertrochanteric crest• Lesser trochanter• Neck

Identify:• Diaphysis• Intercondylar notch• Lateral condyle• Lateral epicondyle• Medial condyle• Medial epicondyle

Articulations of Femur

• The femur articulates with which bones?

• Specifically what articulates at the:– Head?– Medial and lateral condyles?– Patellar surface?

Patella

• What is a sesamoid bone?

• The patella and its tendon anchors the anterior thigh muscles to _____ ?

Identify:• Lateral condyle• Medial condyle• Tibial tuberosity

Identify:• Anterior crest• Diaphysis• Medial malleolus

Identify• Lateral condyle• Medial condyle• Tibial facet of

proximal tibiofibularjoint

Identify• Diaphysis• Fibular notch (distal

tibiofibular joint)• Medial malleolus

Articulations of Tibia

• Is the tibia medial or lateral?• The tibia articulates with which

bones?• Specifically what articulates at

the:– Medial and lateral condyles?– Facet at proximal tibiofibular joint?– Medial malleolus?– Distal blunt surface of tibia?

Fibula

Identify:• Diaphysis• Head

Identify:• Diaphysis• Lateral malleolus

Articulations of Fibula

• Is the fibula medial or lateral?• The fibula articulates with which

bones?• Specifically what articulates at

the:– Head?– Lateral malleolus?– Distal end of diaphysis?

FOOTIdentify:Right or left foot?• Calcaneus• Hallux• Metatarsals • Phalanges• Talus• Tarsals

Identify:• Calcaneus• Metatarsals• Phalanges• Talus• Tarsals

Articulations of Foot

• The foot articulates with which bones?

• Specifically what articulates with the:– talus?– calcaneus?

•Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is...

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