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IBM Business Consulting Services
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2003
Supply Chain Management
Advanced Planning and Optimizer
Presentation Title | Confidential | Document ID Advanced Planning and Optimizer
IBM Business Consulting Services
© Copyright IBM Corporation 20102
Supply Chain Management Overview What is Supply Chain Management Where does it fit SCM Process Requirement of APO for SCM planning
Advance Planning and Optimization Components of SAP APO
DP, SNP, PP, DS Integration with ECC - Core Interface
Overview of CIF Data creation in CIF Integration Model Variant Outbound queues and Inbound queues CIF Debugging
Appendix Technical inputs – BAPI, BADI, EXIT, Function Modules, Reports, Tables
General Topics
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What is Supply Chain Management (SCM)?
The supply chain includes all activities related to the planning and executing of supply, production, and distribution management.
Managing this supply chain effectively can increase business flexibility and create bottom-line value.
Therefore, SCM can provide competitive advantage in today’s networked economy.
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SAP’s Vision of SCM
ADAPTIVE SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK
TODAY’S SEQUENTIAL SUPPLY CHAIN
SAP Transforms
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SAP SCM – Where does it fit
SAP SCM
SAP PLM
SAP SRM
SAP CRM
SAP ERPFinancials
Human ResourcesCorporate Services
Operations
Maintenance & Quality
Inventory & Production
Sal
es O
rder
&
Dis
trib
uti
on
Man
agem
ent
Pu
rchase O
rder
Man
agem
ent
SAP NetWeaver
SAP Business Suite
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APO - SAP SCM Supply Chain Planning Solution
SAP Advanced Planning and Optimization (SAP APO) supports comprehensive planning capabilities:
- Supply network planning
- Demand planning
- Supply chain network design
- Collaborative planning processes (demand and supply)
- Production planning
- Transportation planning
- Global available to promise (Global ATP)
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APO Overview
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Overview of Advanced Planning and Optimizer
SAP (Advanced Planning and Optimizer) or SAP (APO) is the planning component within the mySAP SCM solution. APO is an acronym for Advanced Planner and Optimizer. This is a large component of SAP's New Dimension products. APO is an entire suite of supply chain planner applications that increase overall knowledge of the supply chain and provide forecasting, planning and optimization. There are eight application levels within SAP APO: network design, supply network planning, demand planning, production planning and detailed scheduling, transportation planning and vehicle scheduling, global availability and supply chain collaboration.
The SAP APO is not a standalone application and requires a backend ERP system such as SAP R/3 for the execution. SAP R/3 communicate with SAP APO using the APO Core Interface (CIF) which supplies SAP APO with the master and the transaction data in the real time. Interaction between the SAP R/3 at backend and the SAP APO is in real time and any data related to the production, the sales or the supplies is immediately transferred from one system to another without requiring any batch processing.
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Advanced Planning and Optimizer contd…
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Modules within SAP APO
Supply Chain Cockpit - A graphical tool for evaluating and controlling the supply chain
Demand Planning - a toolkit of statistical and collaborative forecasting techniques.
Supply Network Planning - used to calculate quantities to be delivered to a location in order to match customer demand and maintain the desired service level.
Global Available to Promise - uses a rule based strategy to ensure you can deliver what you promise to your customers.
Transportation Planning / Vehicle Scheduling - optimizes transportation route and schedules vehicle resources.
Service Parts Planning Production Plan / Detailed Scheduling - create procurement proposals for
in-house production or external procurement to cover product requirements and optimizes the same.
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The Complete SCM Solution
Private
Exchanges
Vendor
Partner Partner
Customer
Supplier RelationshipManagement
(SRM)Scheduling agreement
release
Source Deliver
Availability Check
(ATP)Transportation Planning
(TP/VS)
Make
Production Planning/
Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS)
Demand Planning(DP)
Plan
Supply Network Planning
(SNP)
Supply Chain Performance Management
Measure
Supply Chain Event Management
Monitor
Dyn
. Su
pp
ly Ch
ain C
oo
peratio
nD
yn. S
up
ply
Ch
ain
Co
op
erat
ion
Private
Exchanges
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Supply Chain Planning: Why do companies need it?
Customers
Storage Locations
Plants
Suppliers
Balance & optimize supply and demand
DE
MA
ND
SU
PP
LY
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DP SNP PP DS
SAP APO Components
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Components of APO – continued …
Managing the flow of products and services and the associated information, across the business system to maximize value to the end consumer.
Demand PlanningDemand Planning
Suppliers Manufacturer Distribution Retailer Consumer
Reuse/Maintenance/After Sales ServiceReuse/Maintenance/After Sales Service
Product/ServicesProduct/Services
InformationInformation
Demand and Cash flowDemand and Cash flow
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Supply Chain Planning at a Glance
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Factors that Influence Demand Planning and SNP
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Overview of SAP APO Demand Planning
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Demand Planning Concept
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APO Application Architecture
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Extracting Transaction Data
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Data Storage in DP / SNP
In liveCache time series objects
In liveCache orders
In an InfoCube
Data stored in buckets, no reference to orders
Suitable for tactical planning (DP)
Data stored with reference to orders Suitable for operative planning (SNP)
Data stored in infocube Suitable for old planning data (like
sales history – based on which forecasting can be carried out)
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What is LiveCache
The SAP liveCache technology is an object-based enhancement of the SAP MaxDB database system. It was developed for managing complex objects in applications in which large quantities of data must be constantly available and changeable. You can only use SAP liveCache technology with SAP applications.
Properties of an SAP application with SAP liveCache technology: With optimal configuration, all application data and objects are located in the working
memory Multiple application servers are sharing the read/write cache Relational and object-oriented data modeling Data-intensive business logic is executed close to the application data (minimizing round
trips) All database functions are available
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APO Core Interface (CIF)APO Core Interface (CIF)
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Overview of CIF
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What is Core Interface ?
APO Core Interface- connects an APO and a standard R/3 system
determines source and target systems within complex system environments through Integration Models
- supplies APO with the relevant master and transaction data transfer of planning relevant data only initial and incremental data transfer real-time interface
- returns planning results to the OLTP systemAPO-CIF is delivered as a plug-in . This is a general product name given by SAP for the R/3 interfaces to the new dimension applications. R/3 Plug-in is name of an R/3 enhancement which enables integration with the mySAP.com components like BW, APO, SEM, etc. APO-CIF interface solution is available for R/3 systems from Release 3.1I.
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APO Core Interface (CIF)
APO software includes a communication layer to enable integration between APO and OLTP systems (eg. R/3 system).
APO CIF is the communication layer to be applied to R/3 to enable integration of R/3 system with APO system. There is a similar communication layer which comes as a standard function in the APO system.
APO CIF is a real-time interface between R/3 & APO system The main roles of CIF are :
- Determine source and target systems- Determine source and target systems- Initially supply APO with master and transactional data- Initially supply APO with master and transactional data- Incrementally keep on supplying APO with transactional data- Incrementally keep on supplying APO with transactional data- Return planning results to R/3 system- Return planning results to R/3 system
In order to integrate two systems together, data mapping must take place. Data mapping includes matching up table/structure names and field names between systems.
CIF integration models provide automatic data mapping between R/3 objects and automatic data mapping between R/3 objects and the corresponding objects in APO.the corresponding objects in APO.
Between non-R/3 ERP and APO, other interfaces like BAPI or ALE are used.
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APOAPO
APOAPO
APOAPOBWBWERPERP
ERPERP ERPERP
ERPERP
ERP -> APOMaster Data
Locations Products PPMs (BOM+Routing) Characteristics Capacities
Transaction Data
Planned/Production Orders
Sales Orders Purchase Orders Stocks ATP Requests
APO -> ERPPlanning Results
ATP Results Manufacturing Orders Procurement Orders VMI Sales Orders
CIF Functions
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CIF Setup and Related Configuration Tasks
R/3
- Set up a logical system
- Assign LS to client
- Set up RFC destination
- Define target system (same name
as the RFC destination)
APO
- Set up a logical system
- Assign LS to client
- Set up business system
group
- Assign LS to BSGNote : Details of the CIF configurations are not covered in this training
Microsoft Word Document
However, the required CIF settings are mentioned in the attached document for reference
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Some useful transaction for CIF setting in R/3 and APO
Initial CIF Settings – R/3 Check ALE settings or activate ALE
settings Define the logical system BD54 Assign logical system to a client SCC4 Set the RFC destination SM59 Assign target system and queue type
CFC1 Maintain the SAP APO release NDV2 Activate BTEs for SAP APO integration
BF11 User parameters for CIF CFC2
Initial CIF Settings – APO Check ALE settings or activate ALE
settings Define the logical system BD54 Assign logical system to a client SCC4 Set the RFC destination SM59 Set up business system group Create BSG /SAPAPO/C1 Assign logical systems to BSG
/SAPAPO/C2 Maintain distribution definitions
/SAPAPO/CP1 User parameters for CIF /SAPAPO/C4
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Some Useful transaction related to CIF in R/3 and APO
CIF related transaction – R/3 CFM1 Create integration model CFM2 Activate/deactivate integration models CFG1 View CIF application log CFC2 User parameters for CIF CFC3 Block sizes for initial transfer CFM5 Filter object search in integration models CFC1 Define logical systems as APO systems NDV2 Setting of release level of APO systems SMQ1 qRFC monitor incl. functions start, stop,
execute SM59 Definition of RFC destinations SALE Definition of logical systems
CIF related transaction – APO /SAPAPO/C3 View CIF application log /SAPAPO/C4 Setting of user parameters CIF /SAPAPO/C5 Send planning results to R/3 /SAPAPO/C1 Create business system group /SAPAPO/C2 Assign logical systems to a
business system group /SAPAPO/CQ SCM Queue Manager /SAPAPO/CCR Comparison/reconciliation tool SMQ1 qRFC monitor incl. functions start, stop,
execute SM59 Definition of RFC destinations SALE Definition of logical systems
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Overview of data creation in CIFR3 to APO
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Transfer of Master Data
•R/3 •APO
•Location
•Product
•Resource
•Production
process model
•R/3 master data •APO master data
•Plant
•Customer
•Vendor
•Material master
•Capacity
•Routing and
•bill of material
•Initial transfer
•Incremental data transfer
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Integration Model
•Transaction Code : CIF-EA
•Integration Model distinguishes between Master Data and Transactional Data elements
•You can have multiple integration models. However, there are certain recommendations in deciding how many integration models to create for an implementation (details given later)
•In integration model, you select:
•The data sets (master data objects, transactional data objects)
•APO target system for data transfer
•Creation, Change, Display, Deletion possible
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Integration Model – Initial Data Transfer
1. • Generate integration model•Name
•Target system
•Plant
•Material master
•Resource
•...
•Determine name and APO
•target system
•Select master data
2. •Activate integration model
•Integration model is active
•Master data will be transferred•Start
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Integration Model – Generation
Integration Model = Name + Application Target System = APO System (it should be a logical system having active RFC connection) Specify data objects to transfer - Filtering criteria available {Examples: - Plant, MRP Type (X0 or X1), MRP Controller} “Execute” – system compiles the selected data objects (report available to check compiled objects) “Generate” (save the model)
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Integration Model – Activation
• “Activate” integration model (which has been “generated” in previous step)
• This initiates data transfer from R3 to APO
• The integration models are created with time-stamps
• The active integration model is indicated by the icon
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Selection Criteria – MRP Type X0
MRP type X0
MRP procedure X
Without MRP, with BOM explosion
Mat. AX0
Mat. BX0
Mat. CX0
Mat. DVB
R/3R/3
Planning in
APO
Product CProduct B
Product A
Material master DMaterial master CMaterial master B
Material master A
Integration model
Name PUMP
Target s. APOCLNT800
Applic. MATERIALS
Material master
Customers
Relevant materials
Material
Plant 1000
MRP type X0
...
...
MaterialstatusAPO
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Which Products to plan in APO ?
Planning type APOrecommended
Possiblein APO
APO notrecommended
Externally procured productswith long replenishment times
X
Products manufacturedin-house at bottleneckresources
X
Products that are not critical for planning
X
(Non-critical) products planned with reorder point planning
X
(Non-critical) products planned with KANBAN
X
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Transfer of New APO-Relevant Master Data
New material (Product Q) to be transferred to APO
Integration Model-1 : Products A & B at 10:00 hrs
Execute Save+Existing integration model
"Activate"Active/Inact.
Integration Model-1 : Products A,B,Q at 11:00 hrs
Integration Model-1 : Products A & B at 10:00 hrs
Transfer of only Product Q happens
Active
Inactive
New Data TransferNew Data Transfer Regenerate DataRegenerate Data
Integr Model-1 : Products A & B at 10:00 hrs
Deactivate Model
Activate Model
Re-Transfer of Product A, B & Q happens
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Transfer of New APO-Relevant Master Data
The system re-generates the existing model (the new master data is also selected here) and then activates it.
Two models with the same name are then active, the only differences being the dates and times. If the data transfer starts in this situation, the system simply transfers the difference data.
After the data transfer, the system deactivates the "old" integration model, leaving the "new" complete integration model as the active model.
New Data TransferNew Data Transfer Regenerate Data Transfer Regenerate Data Transfer
If you want the system to retransfer all the master data of an existing integration model, you must deactivate the old models and activate only the new one.
A comparison of all active models then takes place. As in this case, the model with the old time is not active, all data is transferred again.
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Incremental Data Transfer
Transaction CFC9
Business Transaction Event, immed .
Material master
ALE change pointer, periodic
no incremental data transfer
Business Transaction Event, immed .
Customers
ALE change pointer, periodic
no incremental data transfer
Business Transaction Event, immed .
Vendors
ALE change pointer, periodic
no incremental data transfer
Changed R/3 master dataobjects are transferred intoAPO when the changes are
saved in real-time
APO
Changes to R/3 master dataobjects are recorded and the
transfer of the changes is(periodically, for example)
triggered
IncrementalIncremental Data Transfer Data Transfer
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Incremental Data Transfer – ALE Change Pointers
The process of incremental data transfer reverts to the ALE change pointer. This change pointer selects the master data for the system to retransfer. When you call up the transaction Incremental data transfer of master data (CFP1), specify the the logical target systems and the master data objects (material masters, vendors, sources of supply, customers), that have changes to be transferred.
Change pointers are used by the ALE message distribution. Changes to Master Data are recorded and given a change number (if they are in an active message type). Transaction BDCP
CIF Message types must be activated for change recording. Transaction BD50
Activate Change Pointers. Transaction BD61
The fields relevant to a message type to be selected. Transaction BD52
ALE Change Pointer SettingsALE Change Pointer Settings
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Field Mapping between R3 and APO
Refer to the attached document for details
Microsoft Excel Worksheet
Master Data MappingMaster Data Mapping
Between R3 and APOBetween R3 and APO
Microsoft Excel Worksheet
Transactional Data MappingTransactional Data Mapping
Between R3 and APOBetween R3 and APO
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Transactional Data Transfer – R3 to APO
Initial datatransfer
R/3 APO
Order with category
BF (PchOrd)
AG (PurRqs )
BM (SalesOrder )
AI (PlOrd.)
FA (FC req.)
AM (PrdRes )
CC (Stock) ...
R/3 transaction data APO transaction data
Purchase orders
Purchase requisitions
Sales orders
Planned orders
Planned ind.reqmts
Reservations
Stocks...
Real-time
Incrementaldata transfer
The APO transaction data objects are not generally identical to those of the R/3 System. The system transfers various R/3 transaction data into APO as orders that differ by ATP category
Initial data transfer takes through CIF
New transactional data or changes to existing transactional data are transferred automatically (real-time)
Methodology of transfer is same (using Integration Models)
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Publication of Planning Results – APO to R3
Planning Results are transferred from APO to R3, which is termed as Publication
Configuration in APO : - Basic settings (publication of planning results)
specify for each plant and publication type (example, in-house production or external procurement,etc), which R/3 System (logical system) to publish planning results.
For SNP, you set the form for transferring SNP planning results to the R/3 System with the Customizing operation: Set transfer to OLTP system. The default setting for SNP is that the changes are collected and transferred transferred periodicallyperiodically.
For PPDS : - In APO transaction /SAPAPO/C4 you set how (in what form) new transaction data is to
be transferred from APO PP/DS into R/3. It is usually a real-time transferreal-time transfer (this is the default setting for PP/DS data).
- There is also the possibility of collecting the changes in APO first, then transferring them to the R/3 as a collected group (transaction /SAPAPO/C5).
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Publication of Planning Results
Report : /SAPAPO/RDMCPPROCESST-Code : /SAPAPO/C5Function Module : /SAPAPO/DM_CP_PUB
Orders that have been created, changed or deleted in APO applications are published back to R/3 through the above function module.
APO applications that can create, change, delete orders are:PP/DS : Direct PublicationSNP : Periodic Publication
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Creation of integration model variant
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Integration model variant creation
CFM1 – Creation of Variant
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Periodic Data Transfers through Batch Jobs
Name PUMPS
Target system APOCLNT800
Application MATERIALS
Generate integration model
Name PUMPS
Target system APOCLNT800
Application MATERIALS
Activate integration model
Active/ Inact .
...
Execute
Save
+
Variant
PUMP_MAT
RIMODGEN report
Variant
PUMP_MAT
Start
RIMODAC2 report
JOB_1
+
JOB_2
alternative:
JOB_1_AND_2
Step 1
Step 2
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Periodic Incremental Data Transfers through Batch Jobs
The settings for an incremental data transfer can be saved as variants and used for periodic scheduling of incremental data transfer as a job. Report RCPTRAN4 is used for that purpose.
Material master AMat.planning
Plan. deliv .time 10 days
11 days
Master datachange
Change pointer
Matl . A Plan. deliv . time
...
Matl . B in-house pro. time
Customizing
Changed masterdata in APO
Execute
Incrementaldata transfer
Product A
Plan. deliv .time 11 days
Change pointer generally active?Relevant message type
active?
Target sys. APOCLNT800
Material master ...Object types
VariantDELTA_MAT
MRP type X0
Incremental data transfer
APO
Delete change pointers regularlyDelete change pointers regularly
Material master AMat.planning
Plan. deliv .time 10 days
11 days
Master datachange
Change pointer
Matl . A Plan. deliv . time
...
Matl . B in-house pro. time
Customizing
Changed masterdata in APO
Execute
Incrementaldata transfer
Product A
Plan. deliv .time 11 days
Change pointer generally active?Relevant message type
active?
Target sys. APOCLNT800
Material master ...Object types
VariantDELTA_MAT
MRP type X0
Incremental data transfer
APO
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Overview about Outbound queues and Inbound Queues
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Data Transfer Technique
Data transferred in both directions (from R/3 to APO as well as from APO to R/3) by means of one or more queued Remote Function Calls (qRFC).
The function calls are buffered in the sending system and executed asynchronously in the same sequence they were called. This serialization is controlled by the use of identical queue names and is required to assure consistency.
Multiple qRFCs can be combined into a logical unit of work (LUW), whereby one LUW on the sender side results in one LUW on the receiver side.
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Communication Method
The queue for communication might be of two types :
Outbound QueueInbound Queue
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Communication Method - Outbound Queue
Calling system sends the queues to the receiving system without taking care of the system load of the receiving system.
No scheduling of the processes happen in the receiving system.
Effect :
- Overloading of receiving system - CIF performance deteriorates with high data volume
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Communication Method - Inbound Queue
Calling system sends the queues to the “entrance” (inbound) of the receiving system which allows the receiving system to control the system queue load on its own.
Scheduling of the processes happen in the receiving system.
Effect : - Better CIF performance
To change from Outbound to Inbound Queue : Refer Notes 388001, 388528, 388677
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Important Pre-Requisite at R3 and APO end (1)
Logging Mode to be switched on :Logging Mode to be switched on : Transaction in R3 : CFC2 Transaction in APO : /SAPAPO/C41
Normal - the number of data records transferred is logged
Detailed - the number and content of the data records transferred is logged
Delete entries: - You can delete logs of the application log in R/3 and APO. - The system does not delete the logs automatically. - You can delete logs of the application log in R/3 and APO. - Recommendation : Deleting the logs periodically (schedule background processing)- Refer Next slide for further details
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Detailed Error Log
It is also required to delete the Error Logs periodically to avoid overflow of database.
This can be done by :
- In R/3 Side :- In R/3 Side : - In APO Side- In APO Side
T-Code : CFGD T-Code : /SAPAPO/C6 Report : RDELALOG Report : /SAPAPO/RDELLOG
Note : The above can be scheduled as a batch job, if required
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Steps to follow – Data Transfer from R3 to APO
Data not found in APO
Check R/3 application log (T-Code: CFG1)
Check R/3 qRFC Monitor (T-Code: SMQ1)
Check existence of active integration model
Check queue status Correct error Reactivate queue in R/3 and retransfer
Check APO application log(T-Code: /SAPAPO/C3)
Correct error
No
Yes
Yes
No
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Steps to follow – Data Transfer from APO to R3
Data not found in R/3
Check APO application log (T-Code: /SAPAPO/C3)
Check APO qRFC Monitor (T-Code: SMQ1)
Check existence of active integration model
Check queue status Correct error Reactivate queue in APO and retransfer
Check R/3 application log(T-Code: CFG1)
Correct error
No
Yes
Yes
No
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CIF Debugging
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Module Objectives
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to:
- Maintain Configurations for CIF Debugging- Debug CIF Queue Inbound and Outbound
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Introduction
Master and Transaction data in APO is either created in APO or transferred from SAP R/3
CIF integration models used to transfer data. There will be Inbound and Outbound Queues Debugging can be done for both Queues by using Configurations enabled in APO
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CIF Debugging
Contents- Inbound/Outbound Queue
Configurations Case Study
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Configurations
Go to transaction /SAPAPO/C4 Make an Entry for User Enable RFC Debugging (Debugging On, Recording of t/qRFCs (NOSENDS))
(Debugging On, Recording of t/qRFCs (NOSENDS))
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Example
Outbound Queue
CIF Debugging Outbound
Inbound Queue
CIF Debugging Inbound
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Appendix
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CIF Monitoring
Application
log
R/3:
Error
R/3 APO
RFCCore InterfaceCore InterfaceCore Interface
Master/
transaction data
Master/
transaction data
APO master/
transaction data
live
Cache
live
Cache
- Communication errors
- Application errors
RFC
Application
log
APO:
Error
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CIF Monitoring – Applications at a Glance
On R3 side
- qRFC Monitor (Transaction CFQ1)- Application Log (Transaction CFG1)
On APO side
- qRFC Monitor (Transaction SMQ1)- Application Log (Transaction /n/SAPAPO/C3)
Monitoring both R3 and APO from within APO
- SCM Queue Manager (Transaction /n/SAPAPO/CQ)- qRFC Alert (Transaction /n/SAPAPO/CW)
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Monitor Change Transfer- R/3
Report : RCPQUEUE (Use T-Code : SE38)
This report is used to monitor the transfer of Transaction Data. This report can be used for :
¤ Checks the status of the active data channels - accordingly various data channels can be closed or opened.¤ Display and analyze the objects to be transferred for each filter object
The list of the data channels are given in next slide.The list of the data channels are given in next slide.
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Data Channels Data-Object-wise
Initial supply CF_ADC_LOAD Stock CFSTK* Purchase orders and purchase reqn CFPO* Planned orders/Production orders CFPLO* Sales orders CFSLS* Manual reservations CFRSV* Confirmations CFCNF* Planned independent Rqmnt CFPIR* Materials CFMAT* Production campaigns CFPCM* Master data for classes CFCLA* Master data for characteristics CFCHR*
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qRFC Status and their Implications
•Refer to the attached document
Microsoft Word Document
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Data Inconsistency between R3 and APO – CIF Delta Report
R/3Report /SAPAPO/CIF_DELTAREPORT2
Sales orders
Objects to be checked
Production/process orders
Purchase requisition
APO
Partner system (R/3) R3CLNT800
Material P-102
Plant 100
Integration model Pump
......
Storage location stocks
Sales order stocks......
(optional)
(optional)
(optional)
liveCacheDatabase
Compare
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Demand Planning and SNP process flow
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Technical Components of APO for development
Refer to the following documentIncludes- BAPI- BADI- EXIT- Report- Table
APO Technical Components
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Questions and Answers
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