Post on 17-Dec-2015
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Pectoral or Shoulder Girdle
Consists of two bones, the anteriorly positioned clavicle and the posteriorly positioned scapula
Pectoral girdle is a loosely attached, held in place largely by musculature attached to the thorax and the vertebral column
Only direct ligament attachment exists at the sternoclavicular joint
Frees girdle to move over the thorax as the need arises
Flexible and Mobile Pectoral girdle is very light to allow the upper limb flexibility and mobility not allowed anywhere else in body
This is possible because only the sternal end of clavicle is attached to axial skeleton thus allowing the scapula to move across thorax and the arm with it
The socket of the shoulder joint is shallow and poorly reinforced
Although this arrangement does not restrict movement it is less stable
Clavicles
Clavicles are double curved bones extending along the superior thorax
Attached on the sternal end to sternum and the acromial to the scapula
Attachment site or muscles of the thorax and shoulder
Position scapula away from thorax
Right ScapulaAnterior Aspect
Bone markings are related to– Joint structures
– Muscle attachments
– Nerve and blood vessels
Right Scapula
Posterior Aspect
Bone markings are related to– Joint structures
– Muscle attachments
– Nerve and blood vessels
The Upper Limb Arm
– Humerus Forearm
– Ulna– Radius
Hand Wrist (8 carpal bones) Palm (5 metacarpal bones) Fingers (14 phalanges)
Colles’ Fractur
e An impact fracture caused by falling on an outstretched hand
Note characteristic bending of tissue
Carpal Bones The carpal bones appear in two irregular rows (proximal arch and distal row)
Mnemonic; proximal row - lateral to medial
Sally Left The Party To Take Carmen Home
Scaphoid is the most frequently fractured carpal bone often resulting from falling on an outstretched hand
The Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Attaches the lower limbs to axial skeleton
Transfers the weight of the torso, head, and upper extremities to lower limbs
Supports the visceral organs of the pelvis
Secured by strong ligaments and deep sockets the joint is reinforced for stability
Less range of motion in all planes of movement
Female pelvic structure to facilitate childbearing
Pelvis Pelvic girdle is formed by a pair of coxal bones, each called an os coxae
Each os coxae unites anteriorly at the pubic symphysis and with the sacrum posteriorly
Each coxa is formed by the ilium, ischium and pubic which were separate during childhood but fused in adulthood
Collectively the os coxae, sacrum and coccyx is called the pelvis
Ischium
Sacrospinous ligament anchors the coccyx to the sacrum
Sacro-tuberous ligament runs from sacrum to each ishial tuberosity
False Pelvis The false pelvis lies superior to the pelvic brim
The area is bounded by the alae of the iliac bones
Actually part of the abdomen and contains abdominal organs
True Pelvis The true pelvis lies inferior to the pelvic brim
It forms a deep bowl that contains the pelvic organs
Pelvic Structure and Childbearing
The female pelvis reflects modifications for child bearing
It tends to be wider, shallower, lighter, and rounder than the male
Pelvic modifications accommodate the growing fetus as well as providing a birth canal wide enough to allow the infants head to exit at birth
Pelvic inlet and outlet are critical to delivery
The Lower Limb Thigh
– Femur Leg
– Tibia– Fibula
Foot (7 Tarsal bones) Instep (5 Metatarsal bones) Toes (14 Phalanges)