April 12, 1861 – South Carolina Lincoln sent supplies to U.S. soldiers

in the fort Confederates open fire on fort from

the harbor No one was hurt but it signaled the

start of the Civil War One result - VA, AK, NC, TN join Confederacy

Rating the North & the South

Railroad Lines, 1860

Resources: North & the South

Both were largely unprepared for war Both thought they were superior and

would win the war quickly and easily Both thought the other side was

responsible for the breakup of the U.S.

Southerners enlist eagerly because• Southern honor & local acclaim – grand

farewell ceremonies• Felt they were fighting tyranny – like

Revolution• Thought it would be a short, exciting

adventure

Slave states that stayed in the Union• Kentucky• Missouri• Delaware• Maryland

Overviewof

Civil WarStrategy

:

“Anaconda”Plan

Strategies North – Anaconda Plan – Blockade the

coast to prevent ships going in or out of the South & gain control of the Mississippi River

South – Similar to Patriots in the Revolution – defensive battles, fight on land you know, guerilla warfare

Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas) July, 1861

AKA: First Manassas July 1861 – just outside of

Washington, D.C. Festive atmosphere among

Northerners Southern victory – North sent running

Confederate President – Jefferson Davis

Confederate Capital – Montgomery, AL until May, 1861 then Richmond, VA 

Union President – Abraham Lincoln

Union Capital – Washington, DC

Presidents

Primary objective in beginning was to restore the Union – reconciliation  "If I could save the Union without freeing any slaves, I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it, and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that”Never actually called it a WAR always a REBELLION

The Battle of the Ironclads,

March, 1862Monitor vs. Merrimack – iron plating and revolving turrets – ends in stalemate

•End of wooden warships

•Continuation of Union blockade

New Orleans – largest Confederate port

Combined Army/Navy effort under flag officer David Farragut

Captured New Orleans – mouth of the Mississippi River

One of the very few timesthat the navy captured a city

Naval Warfare – New Orleans

Battle of ShilohCorinth – major Confederate rail

junction connecting east and westConfederate army stationed here

under Albert Sydney Johnston & PGT Beauregard

Pittsburg Landing – along the TN riverUnion army stationed here with William

Tecumseh Sherman (Grant =overall command)

Battle of Shiloh Cont.• Named this b/c it was near Shiloh

Church• Confederates achieved complete

surprise – Grant was in Savannah• Union divisions rally and fight back

during mid-afternoon• Hornets Nest – WHL Wallace &

Prentice are left as the right and left flanks retreat around them – Confederates move in

Battle of Shiloh Day 2• April 7th • Union =40,000

Confederates=28,000• Grant launches Union counterattack• Cause Confederate retreat to Corinth

• One of the first battles that showed the real brutality and potential length of the war

Battle of AntietamAntietam –McClellan is fired as commander of

Army of the PotomacEmancipation Proclamation is issuedUnion victory convinces the British not

to help the South

Vicksburg Campaign – April - July 4, 1863 Gave the Union full control of the Mississippi River

Gettysburg – July 1-3, 1863• Pickett’s Charge• Joshua Chamberlain – Little Round Top• South could not replace the men they lost

The War in

the West, 1863:

Vicksburg

Commanders in the Vicksburg Campaign

Confederates• Braxton Bragg and Johnston

=Army of TennesseeUnion – • Ulysses Grant and William

Tecumseh Sherman = Army of THE Tennessee

• David Porter = Navy commander

The Set-Up

• Confederates control Vicksburg to Port Hudson blocking Union trade on MS river

• Union compensates with Railroads

• Vicksburg = key to Union Anaconda Plan

Start of Vicksburg Campaign

April 16-17 Union runs gunboats down MS river past Vicksburg at night = success

Simultaneous Union army movement west of MS River

Also simultaneous Union cavalry raid through MS to Baton Rouge

April 29th Grant reaches Bruinsburg by crossing the MS river

Vicksburg Campaign Eastern Side of MS River• May 1st Grant @ Port Gibson - doesn’t

establish supply base• Caused Confederate confusion

• Grant moved East to Jackson -MS capital & key rail junction

• Battle @ Champion’s Hill – Confederates had high ground and still lost

• May 19th & 22 TWO frontal attacks on Vicksburg

The Siege of Vicksburg

May 18 – July 4, 1863

• Union waits for the trapped Confederates to surrender

• No hope for Confederates b/c all possible supply lines are cut off

Emancipation Proclamation – did not actually free anyone!!!!!!!!!! Freed the slaves in the areas where the Union was not in control – all slaves in the Union were still slaves

13th Amendment – abolishedslavery

Battle of Chancellorsville• April 30 – May 6, 1863• Union Army of the Potomac (Joseph

Hooker) vs. Confederate Army of Northern VA (Robert E. Lee)

• Union General Hooker had the advantage but gave it up to fight a defensive battle in the “Wilderness”

• Considered Lee’s greatest victory • Faced an army 2x the size by splitting

his troops in half for two offensives• Stonewall Jackson is killed in friendly fire