Post on 01-Apr-2015
transcript
Apuntes
Como los sustantivos, los adjetivos concuerdan (agree) con el ______________ y el ______________ del sustantivo que modifican.
géneronúmero
Adjectives whose masculine singular form ends in -____,
change the -____to -____ when used with a
feminine singular noun.
oo a
The book is red.
I have a red backpack.
I have a Mexican friend -masc.
Mary is Spanish.
El libro es rojo.
Tengo una mochila roja.
Tengo un amigo mejicano.
María es española.
Most other adjectives ending in -___ or a _______________ have identical masculine and
feminine forms.
e consonant
The building [the house] is large.
The exercise [the lesson] is easy.
El edificio… es grande. La casa…
El ejercicio… es fácil. La lección…
Adjectives ending in… -or change to: -ora
change to:
change to:
-án-
ana-ón
-ona
John is lazy. / Lisa is lazy.
José es holgazán. María es holgazana.
mayorolder/est
younger/est
better
worse
superior
menor
mejor
peor
superior
Adjectives must be in the _________ when used with
plural nouns. The plural forms of adjectives are formed the same
way as the plural forms of nouns.
plural
Adjectives whose singular form ends in a vowel add -___ to form the plural. Adjectives whose singular form ends in a consonant add -___ to form the plural.
s
es
The books are red.
The guys are Spaniards.
Los libros son rojos.
Los chicos son españoles.
An adjective that modifies several nouns (of different
genders) is used in the ___________________ form.masculine
plural
John and his sisters are tall.
Juan y sus hermanas son altos.
If an adjective expressing nationality has a written accent
on the last syllable of the masculine singular, the
accent mark is ___________ in all other forms.
dropped
Masculino Femeninoingles
ainglésinglese
singlesas
francésfrances
afranceses
francesas
Descriptive adjectives generally __________ they noun they
modify. follow
a red book
a large school
un libro rojo
una escuela grande
Adjectives that express number, quantity, or amount usually come
__________ the noun.before
some students
much money
algunos estudiantes
mucho dinero
each year
three girls
cada año
tres chicas/niñas
A few adjectives have shortened forms when they precede a
masculine singular noun:buenogood buen
bad
first
third
malo malprimer
oprime
rtercero
tercer
grandebig gran
some
none
algunos algúnningun
oningú
n
… when used ________ a masculine singular noun.
before
a good artist
a great problem
un artista bueno un buen artista
un problema grande un gran problema
Some adjectives change their depending on their position.
meaning
When the adjective follows the noun, the meaning is more literal.
When the adjective precedes the noun, the meaning is more figurative.
old, elderly:
old, of long standing, former:
noun + viejo(a)
viejo(a) + nounEjemplos:
an old friend (she is 85) an old friend (we have known each other for more than 50 years)
una amiga vieja una vieja amiga
big, large:
great, fabulous:
noun + grande
gran + noun
Ejemplos:
a large city (it’s population is 8,213,839 )
a great/fabulous city (it has many shows, museums, restaurants… a great place to visit)
una ciudad grandeuna gran ciudad
poor, not wealthy:
poor, unfortunate
noun + pobre pobre + noun
Ejemplos:
a poor man (he doesn’t have any money)
a poor/unfortunate man (he is lost, he can find his way)
un hombre pobreun pobre hombre
right:
certain:noun +
cierto(a)cierto(a) +
noun
Otros adjetivos…
unique:
only:
noun + único(a) único(a) + nounitself:
same:
noun + mismo(a)
mismo(a) + noun
brand new:
new, different:
noun + nuevo(a)
nuevo(a) + noun
Apuntes