Aquaculture Biosecure Systems Dr... · Definition of Bioflocs By Francois Brenta ... BIOSECURITY IN...

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byFrancoisBrenta

AquacultureBiosecureSystems

BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction

Source:2016SurveyfromtheGlobalAquacultureAlliance

ByFrancoisBrenta

Diseases ***Production costs - Feed/Fishmeal

Seed stock quality & availability Access to disease-free broodstock

***International market prices Production costs - Others

Product quality control Environmental management Feed quality and availability

Production costs - Fuel Access to Credit

Banned chemicals / antibiotic use ***International trade barriers

Market coordination Infrastructure

Public Relations Management Conflicts with other users

Not Important Extremely Important

Moderately Important

GOAL'2016'Survey'Issues'&'Challenges'in'Shrimp'Aquaculture''

All'Countries'

Asterisk indicates a Top 3 issue in GOAL 2007 Survey

BroodstockSupplyChain

ByFrancoisBrenta

Sub-adults

Juveniles

Nauplii

Broodstock

Nauplii

Broodstock

Nauplii

Sub-adults

Juveniles

Processing

ImportedSPFBroodstock

Broodstock

Quarantine Breeding Maturation Hatchery Farm

WildBroodstock

PondraisedBroodstock

Pondsurvivors

HighRisk!!!

Biosecure

ReasonforLackofSupplyofDiseaseFreeBroodstock

ByFrancoisBrenta

q Wild broodstock!!!! Extremely high biosecurity risk.

q Outdoor broodstock production!!! Very High biosecurity risk.

q Lack of biosecurity in indoor broodstock production facilities!! High biosecurity risk.Ø Inadequate shrimp health monitoring programs. Unable to achieve and maintain

health status.Ø Inadequate water treatment. Unable to bio-remediate to rationalize water

management.Ø Inadequate zoning and insufficient access restriction.

q Insufficient biosecure indoor broodstock production facilities! High business risk.

WhyBioflocTechnology

ByFrancoisBrenta

qCan sustain high carrying capacity.

qCost-effective bio-remediation tool.

qReduces very significantly water exchange requirements.

q Low capital expenditure vs. other bio-remediation systems such as RAS.

qReduces FCR and wastes in water column.

qEnhances natural gonadal development in broodstock.

q Low environmental impact.

DefinitionofBioflocs

ByFrancoisBrenta

qAggregates formed by interaction between particulate organic matter and a largerange of microorganisms, such as bacteria, (phytoplankton), rotifers, ciliatesflagellates protozoa and copepods.

TheBioflocSystem

ByFrancoisBrenta

TAN[NH3 +NH4

+ ]FecesExcretionFeedwaste

NO3(Non-toxic)

(C:Nratio)

MicrobialBiomass

Cinorg+

Oxygen

NitrifyingBacteria

PhysicalSubstrate

Uptakeofnitrogencompoundsgenerating“insitu”microbialproteinandmaintainingwaterquality.

Improvingcost-efficiencybyreducingFCRandproteindemand

Naturalgonadaldevelopment

Improvinghealthconditionsbystimulatingimmuneresponse

Reducesverysignificantlywaterrequirements.

HeterotrophicBacteria

ByFrancoisBrenta

ü AssimilateAmmoniaintoprotein

ü Consumeorganiccarbon

ü Veryfastcellduplication

ü Formthebiofloc

Imhoffconeshowingbioflocsettled

Floclevelwillincreasewiththegrowthofheterotrophicbacteria

HeterotrophicbacteriaBacillusspp.

Molasses as carbon source applications, followed bydrop of TAN levels. Nitrogen assimilated asheterotrophic bacteria biomass. Da Silva et al., 2013.

Chemo-autotrophicBacteria

ByFrancoisBrenta

ü NitrifyingBacteria

ü Lateestablishmentinthesystem

ü Requiretobeattachedforeffectivenitrification

ü Consumeinorganiccarbon(alkalinity)

ü Inoculumand/orProbiotics

ü AmmoniaOxidizerBacteria(AOB)• Nitrosomonas,Nitrosococcus,Nitrosospira

• Oxidizeammoniaintonitrite(NO2)

ü NitriteOxidizerBacteria(NBO)• Nitrobacter,Nitrococcus,Nitrospira• OxidizeNO2 intonitrate(NO3)nontoxic

Nitrification process in biofloc system where nitriteis being oxidized into nitrate. Da Silva et al., 2013.

BioflocSystemDynamics

ByFrancoisBrenta

qImmatureSystem

üHeterotrophicpathway100%ofNrecyclingüApplicationofmolassesandbicarbonates

ü Increaseinbioflocs(surfacearea)ü Proteinsourceandboostsimmunesystem

qMatureSystem

üNitrificationprocessestablishedü Chemo-autotrophicpathway– 65%ofNrecycling

üHeterotrophicpathway– 35%ofNrecyclingü Carbonprovidedbyfeeds(organic)andalkalinity(inorganic)

üApplicationsofbicarbonatesüOccasionalapplicationsofmolasses

ImpactofBioflocsonWaterQualityandWaterConsumption

ByFrancoisBrenta

60%lessNitrogenwastesand70%lessPhosphoruswastesthanconventional

system.

ü Recyclingnitrogenintobacterialprotein

ü Establishmentofmicrobialfoodchain(protein-rich)

ü TransferofNintoshrimpbiomass

ü MaintenanceofNinnon-toxiclevels

ü Lessgenerationofwaste

Waterexchangedecreasesfrom50-100%perdayto5%-10%perweek.

ImpactofBioflocsonFeedConsumption

ByFrancoisBrenta

30%- 40%ofshrimp’sbiomassisobtainedbybioflocconsumptionin

BFTsystem(Burfordetal.,2004;Cardonaetal.,2015)

Crude ProteinofBioflocs Reference

43% McIntoshetal.,2000

12- 42% Soares etal.,2004

26- 41.9% Ju etal., 2008

31% Tacon etal.,2010

38.8- 40.5% Kuhnetal.,2010

28- 43% Maicá etal.,2012

ü ReduceFCR

ü Reduceproteindemandinthefeeds

ü Consequentlyreducesfeedcosts

ImpactofBioflocsontheHealthoftheShrimp

ByFrancoisBrenta

Microbialflocsarerichinpolysaccharides,taurineandfatsolublevitamins,allofwhichcancontributetoahealthystatusoftheprawns.Thecontentsofbioflocscanbeinfluencedbyinputsandlightexposure.

ü Biofloc has bioactive compounds that contribute for a healthy statusof cultured prawns (Ju et al., 2008b)

ü Expressions of certain haemocytes enzymes related to immunesystem is enhanced in biofloc reared L. vannamei (Jang et al., 2011)

ü Bioflocs have positive effect in the immune response of L. vannameileading to higher resistance against IMNV challenge (Ekasari et al., 2014)

ü Immune system and antioxidants enhanced in L. vannamei juvenilesreared in biofloc (Xu & Pan, 2013)

ü Prawns show resistance to Vibrio spp when reared in BFT (Liu et al., 2017)

BioflocManagement

ByFrancoisBrenta

ü Fullscaleproductionfrom

broodstocktobroodstockin300

ü Maturation-larval:60DOC.

ü Nursery:60DOCfromPLto2g.

ü Grow-out:120DOCfrom2gto

ü Pre-conditioning:60DOCfrom

20gto35g.

ü 100m2 ~100m3 forproducing

1000broodstock.

ü Costperbroodstock20-40USD.

Concreteraceways

Aerationwithairlifts

Greenhouse– aerationwithporousdiffusers

Greenhouse– aerationwithpaddle-wheels

BioflocManagement

ByFrancoisBrenta

qFeeding

Feedtrays

Wastesfromsyphoning

ABW FeedRates DailyMaximumFeedLoad(g/m3)vs.ABW(g)atspecificShrimpLoads(g/m3)- Rule:Keep<100gFeedperday/m3

Ave. Ave. 500 750 1250 1750 2250 2750 3250 3750 4000

0.05 18% 88 131 219 306 394 481 569 656 700

0.55 13% 63 94 156 219 281 344 406 469 500

2.0 9% 45 68 113 158 203 248 293 338 360

4.0 7% 35 53 88 123 158 193 228 263 280

7.5 5% 25 38 63 88 113 138 163 188 200

15 4% 18 26 44 61 79 96 114 131 140

25 3% 13 19 31 44 56 69 81 94 100

30 2% 10 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 80

Ø Standardgrowerfeedscanbeusedhoweverindarkbioflocconditionsahigherdosageofcarotenoidsmustbeadded(~150ppmAstaxantin).

Ø Feeding100%infeedtrays,adjustmentfromfeedleftoverintraysorfeedingintanksbasedonbelowreferencetable,adjustedbychecktrays,gutfullnessobservationsandfromsyphoningresults.

Ø Referencetablealsohighlightswhentransfers-cullingarerequiredtostaywithincarryingcapacity.

BioflocManagement

ByFrancoisBrenta

qWater quality parameters

ü Oxygen saturation ~ 95%ü Temperature ~ 28-32∘Cü pH ~ 8.0-8.2ü Alkalinity ~ 300mg/lü TAN < 0.2 ppmü Nitrites ~ 0ppmü TSS < 200mg/lü Biofloc <10ml/l

Ø Additionofcarbonates(~15mg/lBicarb./10mg/lAlk.)

Ø Additionofmolasses(6g/1gTAN)*Ø Pre-maturationwithsubstrates

Ø Removalofbioflocwithclarifier

Ø Skipfeeding/back-upoxygenØ Adjustwaterheater/AC

q Adjustments

*Addingmolassescausesdissolvedoxygentodecrease!!Ifquantitiesaresignificanttheymustbeappliedoveralongerperiodoftime.

BioflocManagement

ByFrancoisBrenta

qBiofloc density and TSS

Bioflocreadingafter20minutesBioflocRemovalbySedimentation

IfbioflocreadingsorTSStoohigh

Imhoffcone

Clarifier

ByFrancoisBrenta

BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– PracticalBiosecurityRiskManagementMeasuresPotentialIssuesofBioflocSystems

Ø Bacterialinfections(vibriosp.)causingsignificantnecrosis,melanizationandmortalities.

Ø LowdensityflocthatdoesnotsettleintheImhoffcone.

Ø Dinoflagellates(ifphotosynthesis)causinggillfouling,affectingperformanceandpotentially

causingmortality.

AquacultureBiosecureSystems

FrancoisBrentaBiosecurityExpert

fbrenta@gmail.comSkype:fbrenta1Mobile&WhatsApp:+34685353936

Aquaculture Biosecure Systems Dr... · Definition of Bioflocs By Francois Brenta ... BIOSECURITY IN...

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