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Aquaculture growth potential in
Nepal
WAPI factsheet to facilitate evidence-based policy-making and sector management in aquaculture
March 2021
Preparation of this factsheet
This factsheet provides data and information to facilitate the assessment of aquaculture growth potential in Nepal. It relies on official data and statistics readily available to the public. Some important dimensions such as aquaculture’s contribution to GDP and employment are not evaluated due to the lack of data.
Analyses in the factsheet are based on official data and statistics published by FAO and other international or national organizations. The data and statistics may differ from data and statistics used in other WAPI factsheets because of different data sources or different versions of the same datasets. They may not be consistent with data and statistics from other sources (e.g.national statistics).
The term “country” used in this factsheet includes non-sovereign territory. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Unless noted otherwise, country grouping in this factsheet follows the United Nations M49 standard; under which Nepal is a country in Developing Regions (as opposed to Developed Regions), Asia and the sub-region of Southern Asia. Nepal is one of the Landlocked Developing Countries.
The preparation of the factsheet has benefited from tables and charts generated by various World Aquaculture Performance Indicator (WAPI) modules. Most of these data analysis tools are for FAO internal use, yet some of them are available for test use. See Slide 76 or visit the WAPI webpage for more information about WAPI information and knowledge products.
The factsheet was prepared by Junning Cai, Giulia Galli and Xiaowei Zhou. Technical support from Binod Saha and Paridhi Pathak is acknowledged. The validity and relevance of the results depend on the quality (in terms of timeliness and accuracy) of the underlying data and statistics used in the analyses – see some remarks on data and statistics in Slide 3. Errors could also occur in the analyses despite our efforts to minimize them. Please let us know if you have any concern.
Contact: Junning Cai (FAO Aquaculture Officer); junning.cai@fao.org; wapi@fao.org.
2
Remarks on FAO aquaculture statistical data – Nepal
FAO aquaculture statistics are based on data submitted by member countries. When there is a lack of data formally reported by a country, FAO usually estimate the country’s aquaculture production based on data and information from alternative sources or rely on relatively conservative estimation methods when alternative data sources are not readily available.
While many countries lack a national statistics system for collection of aquaculture production data on a regular basis for dissemination and for reporting to FAO, Nepal is among the 25 countries or territories in Asia that reported aquaculture production data to FAO in all the five years during 2013–2017.
Generally speaking from a global perspective, there is an urgent need for national capacity development in aquaculture statistics system at several levels, including (i) the legal status, institutionalization and resource allocation; (ii) development of national statistical standards in line with international standards; (iii) adequate and stable staffing plus an effective mechanism for data collection, compilation, storage, dissemination and reporting.
For further information about FAO statistics on aquaculture production, contact: Xiaowei Zhou (FAO Aquaculture Officer (Statistics); Xiaowei.Zhou@fao.org).
3
Species grouping
In this factsheet, “fish” is used as a general term for convenience. When it is necessary to define the scope of a species group for a specific quantitative measure, the following definitions are used:
Aquatic products = Fish & seafood + Miscellaneous aquatic animal products + Aquatic plants
Fish & seafood = Finfish + Shellfish + Miscellaneous aquatic animals.
Finfish = Marine fishes + Diadromous fishes + Freshwater fishes
Shellfish = Crustaceans + Molluscs
Molluscs = Shell molluscs (i.e. molluscs excluding cephalopods) + Cephalopods
4
Contents
5
Preparation of this factsheet…………............2
Remarks on aquaculture statistics…..….......3
Species grouping…………..….....…....…..........4
Highlights………………..…………….................6
Geo-location, natural resources, population
and income...............................................…8
Food security, nutrition and health...........13
Contribution of fish to food and nutrition..18
Domestic fish market (fish consumption)…24
Fish trade…………………………………………...29
Fish export.........................................33
Fish import……………………………….....38
Total fishery production.……………………….45
Capture fisheries production………………….49
Aquaculture production.……………………..…54
Outlook………………………………………………63
Further Reading…………………………………..68
Highlights (I)
6
Status and trends
Aquaculture’s contribution to Nepal’s growing total fishery production increased from 47.7 percent in 2000 to 72.8 percent in 2018. The 7.9 percent annual growth rate between 2000 and 2018 was greater than aquaculture’s growth rates in Asia, Southern Asia, and the world, yet lower than the Landlocked Developing Countries average (slides 55-56).
The 59 000 tonnes of aquaculture production in 2018 comprised eleven species items under four species groups, with the species group of carps/barbels/other cyprinids dominating the production both in terms of quantity and value (slides 59-62).
Supply-side perspective
Nepal’s 0.05 percent share of world aquaculture production tonnage in 2018 was much smaller than its 0.37 percent share in world population. The country’s 0.11 percent share in world inland aquaculture production was greater than its 0.01 percent share in world surface area of inland waterbodies, yet smaller than its 0.38 percent share in world renewable water resources (slides 9-10; slide 67)
Nepal was the 7th largest capture fisheries country in Southern Asia in 2018; the 1.56 percent annual growth rate between 2000 and 2018 was higher than the world and Asian averages, yet lower than the Landlocked Developing Countries and Southern Asian averages. Nepal’s 22 070 tonnes of capture fisheries production in 2018 comprised freshwater fishes only (slides 50-53).
Since the late 1990s, Nepal increased its food fish supply from both domestic sources and food fish import. In 2017, 88.9 percent of total fish supply came from domestic sources and 11.1 percent from net food fish import (slides 22-23).
Nepal’s growing fish trade deficit (USD 14.153 million in 2018) was a common trend in Landlocked Developing Countries (total USD 310.822 million deficit in 2018) (slides 30-32).
Highlights (II)
7
Demand-side perspective
Nepal is a low-income, mostly rural economy with a relatively small yet growing population (slides 9-12; slides 64-65). Undernourishment and obesity were low, but the prevalence of severe food insecurity, children of 5 years of age stunted, and anaemia among women of reproductive age were higher than the regional and world averages (slide 14). Nepal’s per capita protein intake in 2017 was lower than the world average (slide 16); so was its per capita animal protein intake (slide 20), its fish share (slide 21) and the life expectancy of its population (slide 17).
Per capita fish consumption increased from 1.1 kg in 1997 to 3.1 kg in 2017; the 5.6 percent annual growth rate between 1997 and 2017 was higher than the world and regional averages. Finfish (91.8 percent freshwater and diadromous fishes) accounted for the entire consumption (slides 25-28).
The country’s increasing aquatic import, amounting to USD 14.166 million in 2018, included marine fishes, freshwater fishes and salmons/trouts/smelts as the main species groups (slides 39-44).
If Nepal would like to increase its per capita fish consumption to the Landlocked Developing Countries average (i.e. 4.61 kg), its total fish demand would increase by 65 754 tonnes between 2018 and 2030. Nepal’s aquaculture production would need to grow 5.9 percent a year during 2018-2030 to satisfy the demand growth (slide 66).
Geo-location, natural resources, population and income
Nepal (2018): 0.05 percent of world aquaculture production; 0.37 percent of world population; a low income country (9.21 percent of world average GDP per capita).
9
Status of aquaculture production, population and GDP, 2018
Country/area
Aquaculture production (2018)1 Population (2018)2 GDP per capita (2018)3
TonnesShare of world
total (%)Million
Share of world
total (%)Current USD
Ratio to world
average (%)
World 114 508 042 100.00 7 631 100.00 11 222 100.00
Landlocked Developing Countries 446 448 0.39 509 6.67 1 549 13.81
Asia 105 077 051 91.76 4 561 59.76 6 972 62.13
Southern Asia 10 173 614 8.88 1 896 24.84 2 064 18.39
Nepal + other countries in Southern Asia
Afghanistan 7 950 0.0069 37.2 0.49 528 4.71
Bangladesh 2 405 416 2.1007 161.4 2.11 1 787 15.93
Bhutan 224 0.0002 0.8 0.01 3 420 30.48
India 7 071 302 6.1754 1,352.6 17.73 2 010 17.91
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 439 718 0.3840 81.8 1.07 5 454 48.60
Maldives n.a. n.a. 0.5 0.01 10 336 92.10
Nepal 59 000 0.0515 28.1 0.37 1 034 9.21
Pakistan 159 083 0.1389 212.2 2.78 1 482 13.21
Sri Lanka 30 921 0.0270 21.2 0.28 4 188 37.32 Data sources: 1. FAO Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ). 2. UN World Population Prospects (2019 Revision). 3. Total GDP
from IMF World Economic Outlook Database (October 2019) divided by population from UN World Population Prospects (2019 Revision).
Notes: N.a. = not available. Country grouping based on UN-OHRLLS and UN M49 standard.
Nepal (mid-2010s): 0.11 percent of world land area (including inland water surface area); 0.01 percent of world inland water surface area; 0.38 percent of world total renewable water resources.
10
Land and water resources
Country/area
Total country area
(excluding coastal waters;
2013-17)1
Surface area of
inland waterbodies (2015)2 Coastline length (2019)3 Total renewable
water resources (2013-17)1
km2
Share of
world total
(%)
km2
Share of
world total
(%)
km
Share of
world total
(%)
Billion
m3/year
Share of
world total
(%)
World 134 108 230 100.00 3 434 349 100.00 805 942 100.00 54 737 100.00
Landlocked Developing Countries 16 946 350 12.64 504 329 14.69 n.a. n.a. 2 746 5.02
Asia 31 978 947 23.85 760 126 22.13 n.a. n.a. 14 442 26.38
Southern Asia 6 880 480 5.13 131 637 3.83 n.a. n.a. 3 928 7.18
Nepal + other countries in Southern Asia
Afghanistan 652 860 0.49 641 0.02 0 - 65 0.12
Bangladesh 147 630 0.11 11 382 0.33 580 0.07 1 227 2.24
Bhutan 38 390 0.03 11 - 0 - 78 0.14
India 3 287 260 2.45 49 405 1.44 7 000 0.87 1 911 3.49
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1 745 150 1.30 62 670 1.83 2 440 0.30 137 0.25
Maldives 300 0.00 139 0.00 644 0.08 0 0.00
Nepal 147 180 0.11 300 0.01 0 - 210 0.38
Pakistan 796 100 0.59 5 313 0.16 1 046 0.13 247 0.45
Sri Lanka 65 610 0.05 1 776 0.05 1 340 0.17 53 0.10
Data sources: 1. FAO. 2016. AQUASTAT Main Database – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Website accessed on 16 May 2019. 2. FAOSTAT Land
Cover database (updated June 2019; CCI_LC ). 3. The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), United States of America. Web accessed on 20 May 2019. Coastline
length of world equal to the sum of coastline length of 265 countries and territories listed in the data source.
Notes: N.a. = not available.
11
Population prospects in
Nepal (2018 versus 2030):
Relatively small population
compared to other countries in
Southern Asia.
Population expected to
increase from 28 million in
2018 to 33 million in 2030.
Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects (2019 revision).
37
161
0.75
1 353
82
0.516
28
212
21
48
179
0.84
1 504
93
0.519
33
263
22
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
To
tal p
op
ula
tio
n (m
illio
n)
Population prospects in Southern Asia
2018 2030
Demographic features in
Nepal (2015–2030):
Population expected to
increase by 6 million between
2015 and 2030.
Urban ratio of total population
expected to increase from
18.56 percent to
25.35 percent.
Female ratio of total
population expected to slightly
decline to 52.38 percent.
12
Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects (2019 revision; https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population). United Nations World Urbanization Prospects (2018 revision; https://population.un.org/wup).
54.11 54.19 52.66 52.38
18.56 20.58 22.84 25.35
27 29
32 33
2015 2020 2025 2030
Nepal
Percentage of females (%) Percentage of urban population (%) Total population (million)
Food security, nutrition
and health
Data source: FAOSTAT – Suite of Food Security Indicators (updated on 6 August 2020; www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS).
Food security and nutrition status in
Nepal (mid-2010s):
Undernourishment:
6.1 percent of total population undernourished,
lower than the world, regional and sub-regional
averages.
Severe food insecurity:
10.3 percent of total population facing severe
food insecurity, higher than the world and
regional average yet lower than sub-regional
averages.
Children stunted:
36 percent of children under 5 years of age
stunted, higher than the world, regional and
sub-regional averages.
Obesity:
4.1 percent of adult population obese, lower
than the world, regional and sub-regional
averages.
Anaemia:
35.1 percent of reproductive-age women
anaemic, lower than the regional and sub-
regional averages, yet higher than the world.
14
Nepal, 6.1
Nepal, 10.3
Nepal, 36.0
Nepal, 4.1
Nepal, 35.1
Southern Asia, 13.4
Southern Asia, 16.0
Southern Asia, 34.3
Southern Asia, 5.4
Southern Asia, 48.7
Asia, 8.3
Asia, 8.6
Asia, 23.7
Asia, 7.3
Asia, 36.6
World, 8.8
World, 9.2
World, 22.6
World, 13.1
World, 32.8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Prevalence ofundernourishment (%; 2017-
2019)
Prevalence of severe foodinsecurity in the total
population (%, 2017-2019)
Percentage of children under5 years of age who are
stunted (%; 2016)
Prevalence of obesity in theadult population (18 years
and older; %; 2016)
Prevalence of anaemiaamong women of
reproductive age (15-49years; %; 2016)
Food security and nutrition status in Nepal
Per capita protein intake in
Nepal (1993 versus 2013):
Per capita total protein intake
increased from 54.3 g/day to
69.2 g/day between 1993 and
2013.
The share of animal protein in
total protein intake slightly
increased from 15.9 percent to
16.6 percent.
The share of fish and seafood
slightly increased from 0.5
percent to 0.9 percent.
15
Data source: FAOSTAT Food Balances 1961-2013 (accessed in January 2018; www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBSH). The recently published FAOSTAT New Food Balances data (2014–2017; http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS) not used in this factsheet because they are still preliminary data yet to be harmonized with the older data (1961–2013).
Vegetal products
83.4%
Animal products
16.6%
Cereals56.7%
Pulses & oilcrops10.9%
Vegetables & fruits
7.7%
Other vegetal
products8.1%
Meat6.0%
Milk & eggs8.2%
Fish & seafood0.9%
Other animal products1.5%
Nepal (2013)
Total protein intake (2013):
69.2 g/capita/day
Vegetal products
84.1%
Animal products
15.9%
Cereals67.5%
Pulses & oilcrops
6.5%
Vegetables & fruits
5.1%
Other vegetal
products5.0%
Meat6.2%
Milk & eggs7.6%
Fish & seafood0.5%
Other animal products1.7%
Nepal (1993)
Total protein intake (1993):
54.3 g/capita/day
Per capita protein intake in Nepal (2017): The 73.7 g/day of per capita protein intake was higher than the
Landlocked Developing Countries average (69.9 g/day) yet lower than the world average (82.8 g/day). Both
animal protein share (17.2 percent) and fish share (1.1 percent) were lower than the world and Landlocked
Developing Countries averages.
16
Data source: FAOSTAT New Food Balances (accessed in September 2020; http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS).
Vegetal products
75.4%
Animal products
24.6%
Cereals49.7%
Pulses & oilcrops15.1%
Vegetables & fruits
4.6%
Other vegetal products
5.9%
Meat10.7%
Milk & eggs10.3%
Fish & seafood1.9%
Other animal products1.7%
Landlocked Developing Countries (2017)
Total protein intake (2017):
69.9 g/capita/day
Vegetal products
82.8%
Animal products
17.2%
Cereals56.1%
Pulses & oilcrops10.5%
Vegetables & fruits
8.2%
Other vegetal products
8.0%
Meat6.3%
Milk & eggs8.3%
Fish & seafood1.1%
Other animal products1.4%
Nepal (2017)
Total protein intake (2017):
73.7 g/capita/day
Vegetal products
60.4%
Animal products
39.6%
Cereals39.1%
Pulses & oilcrops
8.8%
Vegetables & fruits
7.5%
Other vegetal products
5.1%
Meat17.4%
Milk & eggs
14.0%
Fish & seafood
6.8%
Other animal products1.5%
World (2017)
Total protein intake (2017):
82.8 g/capita/day
Life expectancy in Nepal
(2018):
Life expectancy at birth for the
total population was 70.5 years,
lower than the world and
regional averages yet slightly
higher than the sub-regional
average.
Life expectancy for female
population (71.9 years) higher
than male population (69 years)
– a general pattern applying to
most countries and areas.
17
Data source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI), downloaded on 29 May, 2020 (http://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/#archives); United Nations World Population Prospects (2019 revision; https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population) used to calculate life expectancy at the regional level.
Nepal, 70.5
Nepal, 71.9
Nepal, 69.0
Southern Asia, 69.7
Southern Asia, 71.1
Southern Asia, 68.5
Asia, 73.2
Asia, 75.3
Asia, 71.3
World, 72.6
World, 74.9
World, 70.4
64 66 68 70 72 74 76
Life expectancy at birth,total (years, 2018)
Life expectancy at birth,female (years, 2018)
Life expectancy at birth,male (years, 2018)
Life expectancy in Nepal
Contribution of fish to
food and nutrition
Animal protein intake in
Nepal (1993 versus 2013):
Per capita animal protein
intake increased from
8.6 g/day in 1993 to
11.5 g/day in 2013.
The share of fish in animal
protein intake increased from
3 percent to 5.5 percent.
19
Data source: FAOSTAT Food Balances 1961-2013 (accessed in January 2018; www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBSH). The recently published FAOSTAT New Food Balances data (2014–2017; http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS) not used in this factsheet because they are still preliminary data yet to be harmonized with the older data (1961–2013).Note: See slide #4 for the scope of fish & seafood.
Meat36.3%
Milk & eggs49.2%
Fish & seafood
5.5%
Bovine meat22.3%
Pigmeat1.7%
Mutton & goat meat
7.8%
Poultry meat4.5%
Milk45.5%
Eggs3.7%
Finfish5.5%
Others9.0%
Nepal (2013)
Animal protein intake
(2013): 11.5 g/capita/day
Meat39.0%
Milk & eggs47.6%
Fish & seafood
3.0%
Bovine meat27.0% Pigmeat
1.9%
Mutton & goat meat
8.3%
Poultry meat1.9%
Milk44.6%
Eggs3.0%
Finfish3.0%
Others10.4%
Nepal (1993)
Animal protein intake
(1993): 8.6 g/capita/day
Animal protein intake in Nepal (2017): 12.7 g/day of per capita animal protein intake, lower than
the Landlocked Developing Countries (17.2 g/day) and world (32.8 g/day) averages. Fish contribution
to animal protein intake (6.6 percent) was lower than the averages in Landlocked Developing Countries
(7.9 percent) and the world (17.1 percent).
20
Meat43.5%
Milk & eggs41.8%
Fish & seafood
7.9%
Bovine meat19.8%
Pigmeat4.3%
Mutton & goat meat
8.5%
Poultry meat7.7%
Other meat3.2%
Milk37.7%
Eggs4.1%
Finfish7.9%
Others6.8%
Landlocked Developing Countries (2017)
Animal protein intake
(2017):17.2
g/capita/day
Meat36.6%
Milk & eggs48.4%
Fish & seafood
6.6%
Bovine meat21.2%
Pigmeat2.1%
Mutton & goat meat
8.1%
Poultry meat5.3%
Milk43.8%
Eggs4.6%
Finfish6.6%
Others8.4%
Nepal (2017)
Animal protein intake
(2017):12.7
g/capita/day
Meat43.9%
Milk & eggs35.2%
Fish & seafood17.1%
Bovine meat10.5%
Pigmeat13.9%
Mutton & goat meat
2.1%
Poultry meat16.0%
Other meat1.3%
Milk26.0%
Eggs9.2%
Finfish14.4%
Shellfish2.7%
Miscellaneous aquatic animals
0.1%
Others3.8%
World (2017)
Animal protein intake
(2017):32.8
g/capita/day
Data source: FAOSTAT New Food Balances (accessed in September 2020; http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS).Note: See slide #4 for the scope of fish & seafood.
Nepal (2017): Both animal protein intake (12.7 g/capita/day) and fish share (0.8 percent) lower than the world and regional averages (locating in the third quadrant in the bubble chart).
21
Data source: FAOSTAT New Food Balances (accessed in September 2020; http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS).Note: See slide #4 for the scope of fish & seafood.
Contribution of fish to animal protein, 2017
Country/area
Per capita protein
intake in 2017
(g/capita/day) Fish share
(%)Fish &
seafood
Animal
products
World 5.6 32.8 17.1
Landlocked Developing Countries 1.4 17.2 7.9
Asia 6.5 28.2 23.1
Southern Asia 2.4 16.3 14.6
Nepal + other countries in Southern Asia
Afghanistan 0.1 10.6 0.7
Bangladesh 7.0 12.0 58.8
Bhutan n.a. n.a. n.a.
India 2.0 14.7 13.8
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 3.4 25.3 13.3
Maldives 29.5 49.1 60.2
Nepal 0.8 12.7 6.6
Pakistan 0.6 27.9 2.0
Sri Lanka 9.6 18.7 51.5
Nepal-5
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
0 20 40 60 80
Fish
sh
are
in a
nim
al p
rote
in (
%)
Animal protein intake in 2017 (g/capita/day)
African countries
Countries in the Americas
Asian countries
European countries
Oceania countries
Bubble size: populationCoordinate origin: world average
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Food balance sheets of fish and fishery products 1961-2017 (FishstatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en). Note: See slide #4 for the scope of fish & seafood.
Status and trend of fish and
seafood supply and utilization in
Nepal (1997–2017):
Food fish supply from domestic sources
increased from 23 207 tonnes in 1997 to
77 157 tonnes in 2017.
Total fish consumption increased from
23 770 tonnes to 86 834 tonnes between
1997 and 2017.
Since 1997, net food fish import increased
from 563 tonnes to 9 677 tonnes in 2017.
In 2017, 86 834 tonnes total fish
consumption = 77 157 tonnes food fish
supply from domestic sources +
9 677 tonnes net food fish import.
Per capita fish consumption increased
from 1.1 kg in 1997 to 3.1 kg in 2017.
22
23 207
77 157
563
9 677
1.1 3.1
23 770
86 834
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fish & seafood supply and utilization in Nepal (1997–2017)
Net food fish import (import minus export; live weight; tonne)
Food fish supply from domestic sources (production plus stock depletion minus non-food uses) (live weight; tonne)
Per capita fish consumption (live weight; kg)
Total fish consumption (live weight; tonne)
Nepal’s food balance sheet for fish
and seafood, 2017
77 157 tonnes domestic fish production –
0 tonnes for non-food use =
77 157 tonnes domestic food fish
production (100 percent of total food and
non-food production).
77 157 tonnes domestic food fish
production (88.9 percent of food fish
supply) + 9 680 tonnes food fish import
(11.1 percent) = 86 837 tonnes food fish
supply available for utilization.
86 837 tonnes food fish utilization =
86 834 (food) fish consumption (close to
100 percent of food fish utilization) +
3 tonnes food fish export (close to
0 percent of food fish utilization).
23
77 157
9 680 3
86 834
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
100 000
Domestic production Food fish import Food fish export Domestic consumption
TO
NN
ES
FISH & SEAFOOD SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION IN NEPAL (2017)
Import11.1%
Domestic production
88.9%
Food fish supply (2017): 86 837 tonnes
Food fish
100.0%
Domestic production (2017): 77 157 tonnes
Consumption100.0%
Food fish utilization (2017): 86 837 tonnes
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Food balance sheets of fish and fishery products 1961-2017 (FishstatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en). Note: See slide #4 for the scope of fish & seafood.
Domestic fish market
(fish consumption)
Status and trend of fish and
seafood consumption in Nepal
(1997–2017):
The increase in total fish and
seafood consumption from
24 thousand tonnes in 1997 to
87 thousand tonnes in 2017
was driven by the increase in
population, from 22.6 million in
1997 to 27.6 million in 2017,
and an increase in per capita
fish and seafood consumption
from 1.05 kg in 1997 to 3.14 kg
in 2017.
25
1.05 1.08 1.11 1.34 1.38 1.42 1.48 1.59 1.66 1.78 1.83 1.93 1.98 2.00 2.23 2.36 2.40 2.76 2.89 2.97 3.14
22.6 23.1 23.5 23.9 24.3 24.7 25.1 25.4 25.7 26.1 26.4 26.7 26.9 27.0 27.0 27.0 26.9 26.9 27.0 27.3 27.6
23.8 24.9 26.1
32.1 33.6 35.1 37.240.3
42.846.3 48.2
51.4 53.4 54.1
60.363.7 64.6
74.278.1
81.1
86.8
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
-
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
Nepal
Per capita fish consumption (kg) Population (million) Total fish consumption (thousand tonnes)
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Food balance sheets of fish and fishery products 1961-2017 (FishstatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en). Note: See slide #4 for the scope of fish & seafood.
Per capita fish consumption in Nepal (1997 versus 2017): Per capita fish and seafood consumption increased from 1.1 kg in 1997 to 3.1 kg in 2017; the 5.6 percent annual growth rate was higher than the world, regional, sub-regional and Landlocked Developing Countries averages, yet the 3.1 kg of consumption in 2017 was lower than the averages.
26
15.5
2.6
0.2
8.9
0.1
0.5
1.1
0.8
2.7
9.4
1.7
5.6
20.3
4.7
0.5
11.3
0.2
2.8
3.1
2.1
8.2
9.3
2.9
12.3
0 5 10 15 20 25
World
Landlocked DevelopingCountries
Ethiopia
Uganda
Afghanistan
Uzbekistan
Nepal
Niger
Burkina Faso
Mali
Kazakhstan
North Macedonia
kg/y
ear
Per capita fish consumption in top 10 most populated Landlocked Developing Countries in 2017
1997 2017
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Food balance sheets of fish and fishery products 1961-2017 (FishstatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en). Note: See slide #4 for the scope of fish & seafood.
Status and trend of per capita fish & seafood consumption, 1997
versus 2017
Country/area
Per capita fish & seafood
consumption (kg/year)Annual
growth (%)1997 2017
World 15.5 20.3 1.4
Landlocked Developing
Countries2.6 4.6 3.0
Asia 16.6 24.1 1.9
Southern Asia 5.0 8.3 2.5
Nepal + other countries in Southern Asia
Afghanistan 0.1 0.2 5.8
Bangladesh 10.5 26.0 4.6
Bhutan 0.2 6.3 19.8
India 4.5 6.9 2.1
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 5.1 11.8 4.3
Maldives 151.8 90.5 -2.6
Nepal 1.1 3.1 5.6
Pakistan 2.3 1.7 -1.5
Sri Lanka 23.0 30.3 1.4
Per capita fish and seafood
consumption in Nepal (1997
versus 2017):
Per capita fish and seafood
consumption increased from
1.05 kg in 1997 to 3.14 kg in
2017, driven by the increase in
freshwater and diadromous
fishes (from 1.03 kg to 2.89 kg)
and marine fishes consumption
(from 0.03 kg to 0.26 kg).
In both 1997 and 2017, finfish
contributed to the entire fish
and seafood consumption.
27
Finfish, 1.05 , 100%
Freshwater & diadromous fishes,
1.03 , 97.6%
Marine fishes, 0.03 , 2.4%
Nepal (1997)
Fish and seafood consumption (1997): 1.05
kg/capita/year
Finfish, 3.14 , 100%
Freshwater & diadromous fishes,
2.89 , 91.8%
Marine fishes, 0.26 , 8.2%
Nepal (2017)
Fish and seafood consumption (2017): 3.14
kg/capita/year
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Food balance sheets of fish and fishery products 1961-2017 (FishstatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en). Note: See slide #4 for the scope of fish & seafood.
Nepal (2017): The 3.14 kg of per capita fish consumption in 2017 was entirely contributed by finfish (of
which 91.8 percent freshwater and diadromous fishes and 8.2 percent marine fishes. The share of marine
fishes was lower than that of Landlocked Developing Countries and the world.
28
Finfish, 3.14 , 100%
Freshwater & diadromous fishes,
2.89 , 91.8%
Marine fishes, 0.26 , 8.2%
Nepal (2017)
Fish and seafood consumption (2017): 3.14
kg/capita/year
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Food balance sheets of fish and fishery products 1961-2017 (FishstatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en). Note: See slide #4 for the scope of fish & seafood.
Finfish, 4.59 , 99.6%
Shellfish, 0.02 , 0.4%
Freshwater & diadromous fishes,
3.50 , 75.8%
Marine fishes, 1.10 , 23.8%
Crustaceans, 0.01 , 0.3%
Shell molluscs, 0.01 , 0.1%
Landlocked Developing Countries (2017)
Fish and seafood
consumption (2017): 4.61
Finfish, 15.03, 75%
Shellfish, 5.07, 25%
Marine fishes, 6.98 , 34.6%
Crustaceans, 2.03 , 10.1%
Shell molluscs, 2.60 , 12.9%
Cephalopods, 0.47 , 2.3%
World (2017)
Fish and seafood consumption (2017): 20.3
kg/capita/year
Fish trade
Status and trend of fish trade in Nepal, 2010–2018
30
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. CIF = Cost, insurance and freight; FOB = Free on board.
-
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0
5
10
15
20
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
US
D/k
g
ton
ne
or
US
D 1
00
0Nepal: Exports of aquatic products
Export quantity (product weight; tonnes)
Export value (USD 1 000; FOB)
Export price (USD/kg; FOB)
-
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
US
D/k
g
ton
ne
or
US
D 1
00
0
Nepal: Imports of aquatic products
Import quantity (product weight; tonnes)
Import value (USD 1 000; CIF)
Import price (USD/kg; CIF)
Nepal (2010–2018): Fish import quantity >> fish export quantity that is not visible in the chart (a
pattern similar to Landlocked Developed Countries); fish export price < fish import price since 2016
(different from the pattern of Landlocked Developing Countries).
31
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. CIF = Cost, insurance and freight; FOB = Free on board.
-
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
0
4 000
8 000
12 000
16 000
20 000
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
US
D/k
g
ton
ne
Nepal (aquatic products)
Export quantity (product weight; tonnes)
Import quantity (product weight; tonnes)
Export price (USD/kg; FOB)
Import price (USD/kg; CIF)
-
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
400 000
500 000
600 000
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
US
D/k
g
ton
ne
Landlocked Developing Countries (aquatic products)
Export quantity (product weight; tonnes)
Import quantity (product weight; tonnes)
Export price (USD/kg; FOB)
Import price (USD/kg; CIF)
Fish trade deficit in Nepal increased from USD 2.74 million to USD 14.153 million between 2010 and 2018; the declining fish trade balance was a similar trend to Landlocked Developing Countries (from aUSD 27.344 million deficit in 2010 to a USD 310.822 million deficit in 2018).
32
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. CIF = Cost, insurance and freight; FOB = Free on board.
- 2 740
- 14 153
- 15 000
- 10 000
- 5 000
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
US
D 1
00
0
Nepal (aquatic products trade balance)
Export value (USD 1 000; FOB)
Import value (USD 1 000; CIF)
Trade balance (USD 1 000)
- 27 344
- 310 822
- 400 000
- 200 000
0
200 000
400 000
600 000
800 000
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
US
D 1
00
0
Landlocked Developing Countries (aquatic products trade balance)
Export value (USD 1 000; FOB)
Import value (USD 1 000; CIF)
Trade balance (USD 1 000)
Fish export
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products.
34
Nepal exported USD 13 000 of aquatic products in 2018, which was lower than the USD 71 000 export in
2000. The 9 percent annual decline during 2000–2018 was the only negative growth rate in Southern Asia.
Status and trend of aquatic products export (2000-2018)
Country/area
Aquatic products export
value (USD 1 000)Annual
growth
(%)2000 2018
World 55 833 945 166 737 152 6.3
Landlocked Developing Countries 59 720 295 405 9.3
Asia 19 193 820 62 523 238 6.8
Southern Asia 2 137 341 8 699 212 8.1
Nepal + other countries in Southern Asia
Afghanistan n.a. n.a. n.a.
Bangladesh 342 617 447 906 1.5
Bhutan n.a. n.a. n.a.
India 1 417 853 6 940 493 9.2
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 50 366 386 484 12.0
Maldives 40 923 178 386 8.5
Nepal 71 13 -9.0
Pakistan 149 820 459 272 6.4
Sri Lanka 135 691 286 658 4.2
Nepal, USD 13 thousand,
-9.00 percent
- 20
- 10
0
10
20
30
40
50
5 50 500 5 000 50 000 500 000 5 000 000 50 000 000
An
nu
al g
row
th o
f aq
uat
ic p
rod
uct
s ex
po
rt v
alu
efr
om
200
0 to
201
8 (%
)
Aquatic products export value in 2018 (USD 1 000)
Nepal’s fish export growth from a global perspective (2000–2018)
African countries Countries in the Americas Asian countries
European countries Oceania countries
Bubble: population
Nepal’s export of aquatic products (2000)
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source. Nei = not elsewhere included.
35
47
24
1. Salmonoids, fresh orchilled, nei
2. Freshwater fish nei,frozen
tho
usa
nd
US
D
Nepal's fish exports (2000; in terms of value)
66.2%
33.8%
24
9
1. Freshwater fish nei,frozen
2. Salmonoids, fresh orchilled, nei
ton
nes
Nepal's fish exports (2000; in terms of quantity)
72.7%
27.3%
Nepal’s export of aquatic products (2018)
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source. Nei = not elsewhere included.
36
10
3
1. Fishmeals, nei
2. Fish live, nei
tho
usa
nd
US
D
Nepal's fish exports (2018; in terms of value)
76.9%
23.1%
10
3
1. Fishmeals, nei
2. Fish live, nei
ton
nes
Nepal's fish exports (2018; in terms of quantity)
76.9%
23.1%
Fish import
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products.
Nepal’s aquatic products import increased from USD 362 thousand in 2000 to USD 14.166 million in
2018; the 22.6 percent annual growth rate was much higher than the world, regional, sub-regional and
Landlocked Developing Countries averages.
38
Status and trend of aquatic products import (2000-2018)
Country/area
Aquatic products import
value (USD 1 000)Annual
growth
(%)2000 2018
World 61 012 560 162 103 726 5.6
Landlocked Developing Countries 97 654 606 227 10.7
Asia 24 224 979 55 950 104 4.8
Southern Asia 131 158 648 679 9.3
Nepal + other countries in Southern Asia
Afghanistan n.a. 6 853 n.a.
Bangladesh 4 051 122 095 20.8
Bhutan n.a. 6 073 n.a.
India 17 285 153 008 12.9
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 35 781 89 879 5.3
Maldives n.a. 30 699 n.a.
Nepal 362 14 166 22.6
Pakistan 297 12 490 23.1
Sri Lanka 73 382 213 416 6.1
Nepal, USD 14 million, 22.60 percent
- 10
0
10
20
30
40
50
50 500 5 000 50 000 500 000 5 000 000 50 000 000
An
nu
al g
row
th o
f aq
uat
ic p
rod
uct
s im
po
rt v
alu
e fr
om
2000
to
201
8 (%
)
Aquatic products import value in 2018 (USD 1 000)
Nepal’s fish import growth from a global perspective(2000–2018)
African countries Countries in the Americas Asian countries
European countries Oceania countries
Bubble: population
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. Species groups less than 0.1 percent of the total value not labelled in the charts.
Nepal’s import of aquatic
products (2000–2018):
Aquatic commodities import
increased from USD 362 thousand
in 2000 to USD 14.166 million in
2018.
The share of finfish increased from
78.2 percent to 96.2 percent,
reflecting the increase in the shares
of diadromous fishes and freshwater
fishes, whereas the share of marine
fishes declined from 71 percent to
66 percent.
The share of shellfish decreased
from 14.9 percent to 2 percent, and
the share of aquatic plants
decreased from 6.9 percent to nil.
39
Finfish96.2%
Shellfish2.0%
Others1.8%
Marine fishes66.0%
Freshwater fishes15.8%
Diadromous fishes14.5%
Crustaceans1.7%
Molluscs0.3%
Miscellaneous aquatic animal
products1.8%
Nepal (2018)
Aquatic products import
value (2013): 14 166
thousand USD
Finfish78.2%
Shellfish14.9%
Others6.9%
Marine fishes71.0%
Diadromous fishes7.2%
Crustaceans6.1%
Molluscs8.8%
Aquatic plants6.9%
Nepal (2000)
Aquatic products import
value (2000): 362
thousand USD
Nepal’s import of aquatic products (2018): The USD 14.166 million of aquatic commodities import in
2018 was composed of 96.2 percent of finfish, 2 percent of shellfish and 1.8 percent of miscellaneous
aquatic animal products. The species composition in the country’s fish import was similar to that of
Landlocked Developing Countries yet much different from the world pattern.
40
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. Species groups less than 0.1 percent of the total value not labelled in the charts.
Finfish67.2%
Shellfish31.1%
Others1.7%
Marine fishes44.7%
Freshwater fishes3.2%
Diadromous fishes19.3%
Crustaceans21.3%
Molluscs9.8%
Miscellaneous aquatic animals
0.7%
Miscellaneous aquatic animal
products0.1%
Aquatic plants0.9%
World (2018)
Aquatic products import
value (2018): 162 103 726
thousand USD
Finfish95.0%
Shellfish3.9%
Others1.2%
Marine fishes76.6%
Freshwater fishes7.8%
Diadromous fishes10.6%
Crustaceans2.6%
Molluscs1.3%
Miscellaneous aquatic animals
0.1%
Miscellaneous aquatic animal
products0.1%
Aquatic plants1.0%
Landlocked Developing Countries (2018)
Aquatic products import
value (2018):606 227
thousand USD
Finfish96.2%
Shellfish2.0%
Others1.8%
Marine fishes66.0%
Freshwater fishes15.8%
Diadromous fishes14.5%
Crustaceans1.7%
Molluscs0.3%
Miscellaneous aquatic animal
products1.8%
Nepal (2018)
Aquatic products import
value (2013): 14 166
thousand USD
Nepal (2018): Marine fishes not identified, miscellaneous freshwater fishes and salmons/trouts/smelts
were the three largest species groups in the country’s aquatic products import.
41
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. CIF = Cost, insurance and freight; ISSCAAP = International Standard Statistical Classification of Aquatic Animals and Plants.
Nepal’s aquatic products import in 2018
Top 10 import species groups in terms of quantity Top 10 import species groups in terms of value
ISSCAAP groups
Product
weight
(tonnes)
Share of
Nepal’s total
import of all
aquatic
commodities
(%)
Share of
world import
of the same
species group
(%)
ISSCAAP groupsCIF value
(USD 1 000)
Share of
Nepal’s total
import of all
aquatic
commodities
(%)
Share of
world import
of the same
species group
(%)
1. Marine fishes not identified 8 674 61.23 0.04 1. Marine fishes not identified 8 674 61.23 0.04
2. Miscellaneous freshwater fishes 2 237 15.79 0.06 2. Miscellaneous freshwater fishes 2 237 15.79 0.06
3. Salmons, trouts, smelts 2 046 14.44 0.01 3. Salmons, trouts, smelts 2 046 14.44 0.01
4. Corals 250 1.76 0.17 4. Corals 250 1.76 0.17
5. Shrimps, prawns 238 1.68 0.00 5. Shrimps, prawns 238 1.68 0.00
6. Herrings, sardines, anchovies 237 1.67 0.01 6. Herrings, sardines, anchovies 237 1.67 0.01
7. Tunas, bonitos, billfishes 206 1.45 0.00 7. Tunas, bonitos, billfishes 206 1.45 0.00
8. Miscellaneous pelagic fishes 135 0.95 0.00 8. Miscellaneous pelagic fishes 135 0.95 0.00
9. Cods, hakes, haddocks 94 0.66 0.00 9. Cods, hakes, haddocks 94 0.66 0.00
10. Squids, cuttlefishes, octopuses 26 0.18 0.00 10. Squids, cuttlefishes, octopuses 26 0.18 0.00
Others 23 0.16 Others 23 0.16
Aquatic products 14 166 100.00 0.01 Aquatic products 14 166 100.00 0.01
Top 10 commodities (in terms of quantity) in Nepal’s import of aquatic products (2018)
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source. Nei = not elsewhere included.
42
3 570
1 480
1 115
1 068
1 023
709
556
506
409
384
993
1. Fish live, nei
2. Fish waste, nei
3. Fishmeals, nei
4. Catfish, fresh or chilled
5. Salmonoids, fresh or chilled, nei
6. Ornamental saltwater fish
7. Catfish fillets, frozen
8. Ornamental freshwater fish
9. Fish dried, whether or not salted, nei
10. Fish, fresh or chilled, nei
Other species
ton
nes
Nepal's top-10 fish import products (2018; in terms of quantity)
30.2%
12.5%
9.4%9.0%
8.7%
6.0%
4.7%
4.3%
3.5%3.3%
8.4%
Top 10 commodities (in terms of value) in Nepal’s import of aquatic products (2018)
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source. Nei = not elsewhere included.
43
4 999
1 464
998
954
800
680
488
468
391
330
2 594
1. Fish live, nei
2. Salmonoids, fresh or chilled, nei
3. Ornamental saltwater fish
4. Catfish fillets, frozen
5. Fish dried, whether or not salted, nei
6. Ornamental freshwater fish
7. Catfish, fresh or chilled
8. Fishmeals, nei
9. Fish waste, nei
10. Fish, fresh or chilled, nei
Other species
tho
usa
nd
US
D
Nepal's top-10 fish import products (2018; in terms of value)
35.3%
10.3%7.0%6.7%
5.6%
4.8%
3.4%
3.3%
2.8%
2.3%18.3%
Total fishery production
Nepal (1950–2018): Total fishery production increased from 500 tonnes in 1950 to 81 070 tonnes in
2018. Aquaculture has dominated the total fishery production since the 2000s while capture fisheries
production remained stagnant.
45
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global production by production source 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Production covers all aquatic products measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products.
1950, 500 1980, 3 654
2000, 31 723
2018, 81 070
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
To
tal f
ish
ery
pro
du
ctio
n (
ton
nes
)
Status and trend of aquaculutre and fisheries production in Nepal (1950-2018)
Capture (Nepal) Aquaculture (Nepal) Total (Nepal)
Total fishery production in
Nepal (2000 versus 2018):
Total fishery production
increased from 31 723 tonnes
in 2000 to 81 070 tonnes in
2018.
The share of freshwater fishes
declined from 100 percent to
99.6 percent, whereas the share
of diadromous fishes increased
from nil to 0.4 percent.
In both 2000 and 2018, total
fishery production was
contributed by finfish only.
46
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global production by production source 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Production covers all aquatic products measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. Species accounting for less than 0.1 percent of total production not labelled in the charts.
Finfish100.0%
Freshwater fishes99.6%
Diadromous fishes0.4%
Nepal (2018)
Total fishery production
(2018):81 070tonnes
Finfish100.0%
Freshwater fishes100.0%
Nepal (2000)
Total fishery production
(2000):31 723tonnes
Total fishery production in Nepal (2018): Finfish (99.6 percent of freshwater fishes and 0.4 percent of
diadromous fishes) accounted for the entire fishery production. The country’s total fishery composition was
similar to the Landlocked Developing Countries average, yet much less diversified than the world average.
47
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global production by production source 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Production covers all aquatic products measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. Species accounting for less than 0.1 percent of total production not labelled in the charts.
Finfish64.9%
Shellfish18.7%
Other species16.4% Marine
fishes34.6%
Freshwater fishes26.7%
Diadromous fishes3.5%
Crustaceans7.5%
Molluscs11.2%
Miscellaneous aquatic animals
0.7%
Aquatic plants15.7%
World (2018)
Total fisheryproduction
(2018): 211 906 372
tonnes
Finfish100.0%
Freshwater fishes97.8%
Diadromous fishes2.1%
Landlocked Developing Countries (2018)
Total fishery production
(2018):1 825 425
tonnes
Finfish100.0%
Freshwater fishes99.6%
Diadromous fishes0.4%
Nepal (2018)
Total fishery production
(2018):81 070tonnes
Capture fisheries production
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global capture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en). Notes: Production covers all aquatic products measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products.
Capture fisheries in Nepal
(2000 versus 2018):
The 7th largest capture
fisheries country in Southern
Asia in 2018, with its capture
fisheries production increased
from 16 700 tonnes in 2000 to
22 070 tonnes in 2018.
The 1.56 percent annual
growth rate was higher than
the world (0.15 percent) and
Asian averages (0.71 percent),
yet lower than the Landlocked
Developing Countries
(3.25 percent) and Southern
Asian averages (2.29 percent).
49
Status and trend of capture fisheries production, 2000 versus 2018
Country/areaCapture fisheries production (tonnes)
Annual growth (%)2000 2018
World 94 778 335 97 398 330 0.15
Landlocked Developing Countries 775 998 1 378 977 3.25
Asia 43 985 526 49 928 417 0.71
Southern Asia 6 147 298 9 233 480 2.29
Nepal + other countries in Southern Asia
1. India 3 726 427 5 342 888 2.02
2. Bangladesh 1 004 264 1 871 225 3.52
3. Iran (Islamic Republic of) 383 991 828 872 4.37
4. Sri Lanka 296 750 510 537 3.06
5. Pakistan 598 743 504 810 -0.94
6. Maldives 119 373 151 013 1.31
7. Nepal 16 700 22 070 1.56
8. Afghanistan 1 000 2 050 4.07
9. Bhutan 50 15 -6.47
Species composition in
Nepal’s capture fisheries
(2000 versus 2018):
Capture fisheries production
increased from 16 700 tonnes
to 22 070 tonnes between
2000 and 2018.
In both 2000 and 2018, the
entire capture production was
contributed by freshwater
fishes only.
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global capture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Production covers all species measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. Species accounting for less than 0.1 percent of total production not labelled in the charts. 50
Finfish100.0%
Freshwater fishes100.0%
Nepal (2018)
Capture production
(2018):22 070tonnes
Finfish100.0%
Freshwater fishes100.0%
Nepal (2000)
Capture production
(2000):16 700tonnes
Species composition in Nepal’s capture fisheries (2018): The 22 070 tonnes of capture fisheries
production in 2018 comprised entirely finfish (compared to 85.4 percent in world capture production). The
share of freshwater fishes (100 percent) was higher than the Landlocked Developing Countries average
(98.7 percent) and much higher than the world average (11 percent).
51
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global capture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en). Notes: Production covers all species measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. Species accounting for less than 0.1 percent of total production not labelled in the charts.
Finfish85.4%
Shellfish13.1%
Other species
1.6%
Marine fishes72.3%
Freshwater fishes11.0%
Diadromous fishes2.1%
Crustaceans6.7%
Molluscs6.4%
Miscellaneous aquatic animals
0.6%
Aquatic plants1.0%
World (2018)
Capture production
(2018):97 398 330
tonnes
Finfish100.0%
Freshwater fishes98.7%
Diadromous fishes1.2%
Landlocked Developing Countries (2018)
Capture production
(2018):1 378 977
tonnes
Finfish100.0%
Freshwater fishes100.0%
Nepal (2018)
Capture production
(2018):22 070tonnes
Nepal’s capture fisheries production in terms of quantity (2018)
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global capture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en). Notes: ASFIS = Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System; more information about ASFIS species items can be found at www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en. Nei = not elsewhere included.
52
22 070 1. Freshwater fishes nei
ton
nes
ASFIS species items in Nepal’s capture production quantity (2018)
Aquaculture production
54
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Production covers all species measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products.
Aquaculture production tonnage in Nepal (2008-2018): Aquaculture production increased from 15 023 tonnes in 2000 to 59 000 tonnes in 2018; the 7.9 percent annual growth rate was greater than the growth rates in Asia (5.67 percent), Southern Asia (7.71 percent) and the world (5.59 percent), yet lower than the growth rate in Landlocked Developing Countries (10.27 percent).
Status and trends of aquaculture production, 2000-2018
Country/area
Aquaculture quantity of
aquatic products (tonnes)Annual
growth
(%)2000 2018
World 43 014 088 114 508 042 5.59
Landlocked Developing Countries 76 887 446 448 10.27
Asia 38 910 396 105 077 051 5.67
Southern Asia 2 672 459 10 173 614 7.71
Nepal + other countries in Southern Asia
1. India 1 942 531 7 071 302 7.44
2. Bangladesh 657 120 2 405 416 7.48
3. Iran (Islamic Republic of) 40 550 439 718 14.16
4. Pakistan 12 485 159 083 15.19
5. Nepal 15 023 59 000 7.90
6. Sri Lanka 4 420 30 921 11.41
7. Afghanistan 300 7 950 19.97
8. Bhutan 30 224 11.81
9. Maldives n.a. n.a. n.a.
Nepal, 59 000 tonnes,
8 percent
- 30
- 20
- 10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 5 50 500 5 000 50 000 500 000 5 000 000 50 000 000
An
nu
al g
row
th r
ate
of
aqu
acu
ltu
re p
rod
uct
ion
qu
anti
ty
fro
m 2
008
to 2
018
(%)
Aquaculture production quantity in 2018 (tonnes)
Aquaculture growth in Nepal from a global and regional perspective (2008-2018)
African countries Countries in the AmericasAsian countries European countriesOceania countries
Bubble size: population
Aquaculture’s contribution to total fishery in Nepal increased from 47.4 percent in 2000 to
72.8 percent in 2018.
55
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en). Notes: Production covers all species measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products.
15 17 17 18 20
22 25 27 27 27 28
31 35 36
43
48 49
56 59
17 17 18 19 20 20 20 20 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 21 22
47.449.8 48.9 48.3 50.1
52.955.9 57.0 55.9 55.4 56.8
59.061.6 62.6
66.969.1 69.5
72.8 72.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Nepal: aquaculture's share in total fishery production
Aquaculture production (thousand tonnes) Capture fisheries production (thousand tonnes) Share of aquaculture in total fish production (%)
Species composition in
Nepal’s aquaculture
production (2008 versus
2018):
Aquaculture production
increased from 15 023 tonnes
in 2008 to 59 000 tonnes in
2018.
In both 2000 and 2018, the
entire aquaculture production
was contributed by finfish.
In 2018, the production
comprised 99.5 percent
freshwater fishes and
0.5 percent diadromous fishes.
56
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en). Notes: Production covers all species measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. Species group less than 0.1 percent of total production may not be labelled.
Finfish100.0%
Freshwater fishes99.5%
Diadromous fishes0.5%
Nepal (2018)
Aquaculture production
(2018):59 000tonnes
Finfish100.0%
Freshwater fishes100.0%
Nepal (2000)
Aquaculture production
(2000):15 023tonnes
Species composition in Nepal’s aquaculture production (2018): The 59 000 tonnes of aquaculture
production were entirely contributed by finfish (99.5 percent freshwater fishes and 0.5 percent freshwater
fishes). The species composition in the country’s aquaculture production was similar to the Landlocked
Developing Countries average and much less diversified than the world average.
57
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Production covers all species measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. Species group less than 0.1 percent of total production may not be labelled.
Finfish47.4%
Shellfish23.5%
Other species29.1%
Marine fishes2.6%
Freshwater fishes40.1%
Diadromous fishes4.7%
Crustaceans8.2%
Molluscs15.3%Miscellaneous
aquatic animals0.8%
Aquatic plants28.3%
World (2018)
Aquaculture production
(2018): 114 508 042
tonnes
Finfish99.9%
Other species
0.1%
Freshwater fishes94.8%
Diadromous fishes5.2%
Landlocked Developing Countries (2018)
Aquaculture production
(2018)446 448tonnes
Finfish100.0%
Freshwater fishes99.5%
Diadromous fishes0.5%
Nepal (2018)
Aquaculture production
(2018):59 000tonnes
Aquaculture species groups in Nepal by tonnage (2018): The 59 000 tonnes of aquaculture production comprised four species groups, with carps, barbels and other cyprinids being the largest group (94.15 percent of the country’s aquaculture production tonnage).
58
Aquaculture production in Nepal by species groups Year 2018 (in terms of quantity)
WAPI species groups ISSCAAP division
Number of
species in the
group farmed by
the country
The country’s
production
quantity of each
species group
(live weight;
tonnes)
Share of the
country’s
production
quantity of all
species (%)
Share of world
production of
the same species
group (%)
1. Carps, barbels and other cyprinids (ISSCAAP group) Freshwater fishes 7 55 550 94.15 0.1901
2. Catfishes (Siluriformes) Freshwater fishes 2 2 550 4.32 0.0441
3. Tilapias and other cichlids (ISSCAAP group) Freshwater fishes 1 600 1.02 0.0099
4. Salmons, trouts, smelts (ISSCAAP group) Diadromous fishes 1 300 0.51 0.0084
Aquatic products 11 59 000 100.00 0.0515
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ); www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en
Notes: ISSCAAP (International Standard Statistical Classification of Aquatic Animals and Plants) grouping can be found at
www.fao.org/tempref/FI/DOCUMENT/cwp/handbook/annex/AnnexS2listISSCAAP2000.pdf. The taxonomic scope of WAPI species groups indicated in bracket. More
information about the WAPI species grouping can be found at http://www.fao.org/3/ca9245en/ca9245en.pdf.
59
Aquaculture species groups in Nepal by value (2018): The composition of the USD 155.432 million of aquaculture production value was similar to the country’s aquaculture production tonnage (see previous slide).
Aquaculture production in Nepal by species groups Year 2018 (in terms of value)
WAPI species groups ISSCAAP division
Number of
species in the
group farmed by
the country
The country’s
production
quantity of each
species group
(farmgate value;
USD 1 000)
Share of the
country’s
production value
of all species (%)
Share of world
production of
the same species
group (%)
1. Carps, barbels and other cyprinids (ISSCAAP group) Freshwater fishes 7 145 759 93.78 0.2335
2. Catfishes (Siluriformes) Freshwater fishes 2 5 267 3.39 0.0555
3. Salmons, trouts, smelts (ISSCAAP group) Diadromous fishes 1 3 029 1.95 0.0133
4. Tilapias and other cichlids (ISSCAAP group) Freshwater fishes 1 1 377 0.89 0.0123
Aquatic products 11 155 432 100.00 0.0590
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ); www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en
Notes: ISSCAAP (International Standard Statistical Classification of Aquatic Animals and Plants) grouping can be found at
www.fao.org/tempref/FI/DOCUMENT/cwp/handbook/annex/AnnexS2listISSCAAP2000.pdf. The taxonomic scope of WAPI species groups indicated in bracket. More
information about the WAPI species grouping can be found at http://www.fao.org/3/ca9245en/ca9245en.pdf.
Nepal (2018): Farmed ASFIS species items ranked by quantity
60
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Species item less than 1 percent of total production may not be labelled in the pie chart. ASFIS = Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System; more information about ASFIS species items can be found at www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en.
15 600
12 500
7 500
6 950
5 900
5 500
1 800
1 600
750
600
300
1. Mrigal carp
2. Common carp
3. Bighead carp
4. Roho labeo
5. Grass carp(=White amur)
6. Silver carp
7. North African catfish
8. Catla
9. Striped catfish
10. Nile tilapia
Other species
ton
nes
Top-10 ASFIS species items in Nepal’s aquaculture production quantity (2018)
26.4%
21.2%12.7%
11.8%
10.0%
9.3%3.1%
2.7%1.3% 1.0%
0.5%
Nepal (2018): Farmed ASFIS species items ranked by value
61
Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en). Notes: Species item less than 1 percent of total production may not be labelled in the pie chart. ASFIS = Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System; more information about ASFIS species items can be found at www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en.
42 963
34 426
19 141
17 213
16 249
11 360
4 406
3 718
3 029
1 549
1 377
1. Mrigal carp
2. Common carp
3. Roho labeo
4. Bighead carp
5. Grass carp(=White amur)
6. Silver carp
7. Catla
8. North African catfish
9. Rainbow trout
10. Striped catfish
Other species
tho
usa
nd
US
D
Top-10 ASFIS species items in Nepal’s aquaculture production value (2018)
27.6%
22.1%12.3%
11.1%
10.5%
7.3%
2.8%2.4% 1.9% 1.0% 0.9%
Outlook
Population prospects in
Nepal (2010–2050):
Total population is expected to
increase from 29 million in
2020 to 35 million in 2050.
The ratio of urban population
is expected to rise from
20.58 percent to
37.38 percent between 2020
and 2050.
The female ratio is expected to
decline from 54.19 percent to
52.06 percent in 2050.
Data sources: United Nations World Population Prospects (2019 revision; https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population). United Nations World Urbanization Prospects (2018 revision; https://population.un.org/wup).
63
50.7854.19 52.38 52.22 52.06
16.7720.58
25.3531.04
37.38
27.0129.14
33.3934.89 35.32
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Nepal
Percentage of females (%) Percentage of urban population (%) Total population (million)
Nepal GDP prospects
(2018-2024):
According to IMF’s
pre-COVID-19 projection,
Nepal’s GDP per capita
expected to increase from
USD 1 164 to USD 1 536
between 2020 and 2024,
staying well below the world
average level.
64
Data sources: IMF World Economic Outlook (WEO) database (October 2019; https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/download.aspx). Note: United Nations World Population Prospects (2019 revision; https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population) used to calculate GDP indicators at the regional level.
11 222 11 320 12 019
12 535 13 116
13 690 14 308
1 034 1 042 1 164 1 256 1 347 1 439 1 536
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
GDP per capita (current USD)
World Nepal
Given the 3.14 kg baseline per capita fish and seafood consumption, 104 943 tonnes of fish and seafood will be needed to satisfy the fish demand ofNepal’s 33.390 million total population in 2030, which is 16 638 tonnes higher than the 88 305 tonnes of baseline fish and seafood demand.
Nepal’s farmed fish and seafood production increased from 43 400 tonnes in 2014 to 59 000 tonnes in 2018. Following the linear trend during2014-2018, farmed fish and seafood production in Nepal would reach 106 220 tonnes in 2030, which is 47 220 tonnes higher than the baseline levelin 2018.
The 47 220 tonnes of extra fish and seafood supply generated by the trend aquaculture growth would be sufficient to cover the 16 638 tonnes ofextra fish and seafood demand driven by the population growth with a supply surplus of 30 581 tonnes.
However, if Nepal would like to increase its per capita fish and seafood consumption in 2030 to the Landlocked Developing Countries average(i.e. 4.61 kg), then the extra fish demand would be 65 754 tonnes, which, compared to the 47 220 tonnes of extra fish supply from trend aquaculturegrowth, implies a demand-supply gap 18 535 tonnes.
Nepal’s aquaculture production would need to grow 5.9 percent a year between 2018 and 2030 in order to generate enough fish supply to cover thedemand-supply gap driven by both population growth and the increase of its per capita fish consumption.
Nepal (2018–2030): Aquaculture growth potential from the demand-side perspective
73
Nepal (fish & seafood) Baseline (2018)
Projection to 2030
Population growth onlyPopulation growth + higher per
capita fish demand
Year 20302030 compared
to the baselineYear 2030
2030 compared
to the baseline
1. Per capita fish demand (kg/capita/year) 3.14 3.14 - 4.61 1.47
2. Population (thousand) 28 096 33 390 5 294 33 390 5 294
3. Total fish demand (tonnes) 88 305 104 943 16 638 154 059 65 754
4. Fish supply from aquaculture (tonnes) 59 000 106 220 47 220 106 220 47 220
5. Supply-demand gap (tonnes) 30 581 -18 535
Notes: Fish & seafood includes finfish, crustaceans, molluscs and miscellaneous aquatic animals. 1. The 2017 level of per capita fish consumption in Nepal (3.14 kg) assumed to remain the same in 2018
and 2030; and the per capita fish consumption of Landlocked Developing Countries in 2017 (4.61 kg) treated as the higher benchmark. 2. Population data from UN World Population Prospects (2019
revision). 3. Equal to (1) x (2). 4. Aquaculture production in 2018 from FAO Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ); projection of aquaculture production
in 2030 based on the 5-year linear trend of aquaculture production during 2014-2018. 5. Equal to (4) - (3).
Nepal’s share in world aquaculture production tonnage (0.05 percent):
Smaller than its share in world population (0.37 percent).
Nepal’s share in world inland aquaculture production (0.11 percent):
Greater than its share in world surface area of inland waterbodies (0.01 percent).
Smaller than its share in world renewable water resources (0.38 percent).
Nepal: Aquaculture growth potential from the supply-side perspective
74
Nepal
Share of
world
total (%)
Total country area (excluding coastal waters, 2013-2017)1 0.11
Surface area of inland waterbodies (2015)2 0.01
Total renewable water resources (2013-2017)1 0.38
Population (2018)3 0.37
Aquaculture production (all areas, 2018)4 0.05
Aquaculture production (inland waters, 2018)4 0.11
Data sources: 1. FAO. 2016. AQUASTAT Main Database – Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations (FAO). Website accessed on 16 May 2019. 2. FAOSTAT Land Cover
database (updated June 2019; CCI_LC). 3. United Nations World Population Prospects (2019
revision). 4. FAO. 2020. FAO Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture
production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ).
Further reading
FAO FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE DEPARTMENT NASO/ NALO FACTSHEETS:
The National Aquaculture Sector Overview (NASO) collection provides a general overview of the aquaculture sector at national level in a concise and comprehensive product. The NASOs contain detailed information on the history of aquaculture; its human resources and farming systems; and development trends and issues, among others. More than 100 NASO factsheets are available in five languages at: http://www.fao.org/fishery/naso/search/en
The National Aquaculture Legislation Overview (NALO) consist of a series of comparative national overviews of aquaculture laws and regulations from the top 40 aquaculture producing countries. NALO factsheets have been prepared in collaboration with theFAO Development Law Service and are updated on a regular basis. The NALO collection is available in several languages at: http://www.fao.org/fishery/nalo/search/en
MORE INFORMATION ON WAPI:
World Aquaculture Performance Indicators (WAPI) is a process to generate information and knowledge products for evidence-based policymaking and sector management. Key WAPI information/ knowledge products include data analysis tools, technical papers and policy briefs. For more details, visit our webpage at: http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/wapi/en
World Aquaculture Performance Indicators (WAPI) banner: http://www.fao.org/3/CA0198EN/ca0198en.pdf
World Aquaculture Performance Indicators (WAPI) – Information, Knowledge and Capacity for Blue Growth (brochure): http://www.fao.org/3/I9622EN/i9622en.pdf
The Potential of World Aquaculture Performance Indicators as a Research and Educational Tool (FAN article, April 2017): http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7171e.pdf
Report of FAO Expert Workshop on Assessment and Monitoring of Aquaculture Sector Performance, Gaeta. Italy, 5−7 November 2012 (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report 1063): http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3539e.pdf
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