Open Educational Resources: The Way to Go, or “Mission Impossible” in (German) Higher Education? Patricia Arnold Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany CIRN 2012 Community Informatics Conference: 'Ideals meet Reality', Monash Centre, Prato Italy 7-9 Nov. 2012

Slide 2 CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu

Open Education in Germany – some stories to start…

Opening e-portfolio view to the public contradicts university‘s IT policy…

„Open Education - Billions in the US, questions in Germany” (Dobusch 2012)

“Even in Germany the question is ‘which MOOC to take?’ instead of ‘how to take a MOOC?” (Franz 2012, transl. PA )

“The Edupunks are coming! ” (ZEIT 14.06.2012, transl. PA )

2012: - one decade of „Open Educational Resources - Paris OER Declaration (UNESCO 2012 )

Slide 3 CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu

1. Some Preliminary Remarks 2. Open Educational Resources – Concept and Recent

Developments 3. Examples – Internationally and in German-speaking Higher

Education 4. Backstage – Drivers and Impediments 5. Conclusions

Questions? – Discussion!

Agenda

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What are Open Educational Resources? I

No agreed upon definition, coined by UNESCO 2002

“the open provision of educational resources, enabled by information and communication technologies, for consultation, use and adaptation by a community of users for non-commercial purposes” (UNESCO 2002, 26)).

“digitized materials offered freely and openly for educators, students and self-learners to use and re-use for teaching, learning and research” (Hylen 2006, 1)

No or low barriers in terms of costs, technologies or copyrights

„open“ refers to 4 Rs: reuse, revise, remix, redistribute

apply alternative licensing such as e.g. Creative Commons Licences)

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Whar are Open Educational Resources? II

Source: OECD 2007

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What are Open Educational Resources? III

Source: SURF 2012, 4

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Example MIT OpenCourseWare

http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm

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Example OpenLearn OU http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/

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Example OER Commons

Connected to renaissance of the „Commons“

http://www.oercommons.org/

Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education (ISKME), William and Flora Hewlett Foundation

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Example OpenCoursewareConsortium

http://www.ocwconsortium.org/

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Example Open Textbook on Learning and Teaching with Technologies (L3T)

http://l3t.eu

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Recent Development: Open Educational Practices

OPAL-Study 2011: “Beyond OER: Shifting Focus from Resources to Practices”

“practices which support the production, use and reuse of high quality Open Educational Resources (OER) through institutional policies, which promote innovative pedagogical models, and respect and empower learners as co-producers on their lifelong learning path” (OPAL 2011, 12).

Including innovative educational designs, e.g. Massive Open Online Courses MOOC (learner centered, peer learning, collaborative learning)

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Example Peer-to-Peer-University (P2PU) https://p2pu.org/en/

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Example Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) http://opco12.de

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„X-MOOCs“: Public Ivy League?

15

source

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Slow Uptake in German–speaking Higher Education

Proxy indicators

no national OER strategy, OER research program or OCW initiavive

1 Austrian University in OCW Consortium

<5% German-speaking universities in iTunesU

Few examples in international reports

Two empirical studies Braun 2008, Deimann & Bastiaens 2010 -> slow uptake

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OER: Backstage – Drivers & Impediments Drivers Conviction knowledge as a public

good Better leveraging of public funding Reach new target groups Reducing costs of content creation Internal quality assurance Experimenting with educational

innovative

Include international perspective Gain access to high-quality

materials

Broaden education, autonomous learning, informed choice

Impediments

Complex process of negotiation between stakeholders

Lacking sustainable business models

Difficult to reach critical mass Lacking support & training for staff

Lack of institutional support Lack of skills & tools Lack of trust & time Lack of quality & matching

Matching opportunities Lacking accreditation

UNESCO 2009, OLCOS(Geser) 2007, SIG OER 2012, OECD (Hylen) 2006, OPAL 2011

Slide 18 CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu

OER: Backstage – Special Barriers in Germany?

Braun 2008 / Deimann & Bastiaens 2010 Deeply uprooted practice not to employ teaching material other than that

is self-produced (not-invented here) Lacking materials that match cultural context and competence level Language barrier Too few good practice examples Legal issues: little knowledge of alternative licensing Technical issues: few easy to use repositories and sharing tools

Federalist educational system -> even more difficult to devise a national

strategy

Less competiveness between universities

UNESCO 2009, OLCOS(Geser) 2007, SIG OER 2012, OECD (Hylen) 2006, OPAL 2011

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Conclusions – how to push uptake forward?

Top-down elements: national and organizational strategies, incentive systems

Bottom-up approaches: more good practice examples

Promote alternative licensing, e.g. Creative Commons

Further research questions: how to design incentive systems?, how to build communities around OER-repositories?, actual student use of OER in German speaking higher education?

Didderen & Verjans (2012, 15) “The key question here is whether our higher education institutions and individual instructors can afford to adopt a ‘wait-and-see’ attitude in the light of these [OER and OEP] movements. Asking that question in fact amounts to answering it!

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Thank you …

…..for your attention!

Contact:

Patricia Arnold

Professor of Socio-Informatics

Munich University of Applied Sciences

arnold@hm.edu patriciaarnold.wikispaces.com

Questions? Discussion!

Partially funded by

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Bezug zur Tagung und Aktualität des Themas II

„Die Edupunks kommen!“ , ZEIT-Interview mit Ayad al Ani, europe wirtschaftshochscule Berlin, 14.06.2012, 69): neue Formen des selbst bestimmten, vernetzten Studierens mit OER Materilalien wie MOOCS (Massive Open Online Courses), iTunes U

-> Edupunk‘s guide to a D.I.Y credential“ (http://edupunksguide.org /)

Ende 2011 MOOC mit Stanford Professor Thrun zu Künstlicher Intelligenz mit mehr als 160 000 Studierenden, zurzeit läuft deutschsprachiger MOOC zu „Trends im E-Teaching“ http://opco12.de/ mit mehr als 1000 TN

UNESCO 2012 World Open Educational Resources (OER) Congress startet am 20.06.2012 in Paris

Der Begriff “Open Educational Resources” feiert in diesem Jahr 10jährigen Geburtstag

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Was sind Creative Commons Lizenzen?

sechs verschiedenen CC-Lizenzen (deutscher Rechtsraum, Version 3.0)

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Was sind Open Educational Resources? II

Quelle: e-teaching.org, in Anlehnung an OECD 2007, 31