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DECLARATION OF
PRINCIPLES
STATE POLICIES
This portion of the Constitution might be called the basic political creed of the nation
It lays down the policies that the government is bound to observe.
These provisions prescribe the fundamental obligations of the government, particularly the legislative and the executive departments as its policy-determining organs.
It is incumbent on the people to demand fulfillment of these government duties through the exercise of the right of suffrage.
A. Principles
CREED- a set of beliefs or principles or aims that guide someone's
actions.
Enumerates the Principles of the State such as the :
Section 1: Democratic and republican nature of the Philippine State
Section 2: Renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy
Section 3: The supremacy of civilian authority over the military
Section 4: The people's duty to defend the StateSection 6: Separation of Church and State
I. First Part of the Article 2
And so on, Section 5 was included in the Declaration of
Principles of the 1987 Constitution.
Stipulates the State policies such the:
Section 7: Promotion of an independent foreign policy
Section 10: Promotion of social justiceSection 13: Recognition of the youth's and
women's role in nation-buildingSection 21: Promotion of a comprehensive
rural development and agrarian reform
II. Second Part of the Article 2
Similarly, Section 8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,22,23,24,25,26,27,28 was added in the state policies of
the 1987 Constitution.
The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in
the people and all government authority emanates from them.
Section 1
Democraticand
Republic
This article is a reproduction of Article II, Section I of the
1935 Constitution, maintained under Section I,
Article II of the 1973 Constitution.
Section 1…
The requirements of a democratic and republican state are as follows:
Cardinal rights embodied in the Bill of Rights The principle that the State cannot be sued without its
consent The principle that ours is a government of laws and not of
men The principle that the legislature cannot pass irrepealably
lawsElection through popular willThe principle that an office is a public trustThe rule against undue delegation of legislative power.
Section 1…
SOVEREIGNTY
- is the supreme power of the state to command obedience from all the
inhabitants, whether citizen or alien. This power resides in the people. Therefore,
they have the right to constitute their own government, define and provide the powers
it may exercise within legal limits. This right may be exercised directly or indirectly.
Section 1
The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in
the people and all government authority emanates from them.
Section 1
The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy,
adopts the generally accepted principles of international law as
part of the law of the land and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom,
cooperation, and amity with all nations.
Section 2
Section 2 is a substantial reproduction of the contents of. Section 3, Article II of the
1935 Constitution.
Section 2…
This particular proviso is divided into three parts
Renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy
Adoption of the generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land
Adherence to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations.
Section 2…
Renunciation of war as a national policy
In renouncing war as an instrument of national policy expressly declared in the Constitution, the Philippines affirms the 1934 and the 1971 Constitutional Convention's belief that an effective means of outlaw war is to prohibit the same in the Constitution.
This particular proviso contemplates, as it was contemplated under the 1935 Constitution, defensive war, not aggressive war. This was inspired by the Ke
llog-Briand Pact of 27 August 1928 which renounces wars of aggression.
Section 2…
What is the reason why the Constitution makes defense
of the state the prime duty of government ?
The power to wage a defensive war is an inherent part of
sovereignty.
under section 4 of Article II of the charter.
Civilian authority is at all times supreme over the
military.
Section 3
Supremacy of civilian authority over the military is inherent in
democratic and republican states. Superiority of civilian authority over the military is
regarded as an essential constituent of the fabric of
political life.
ALWAYS REMEMBER!!!!
Section 3…
The President of the Philippines is always a civilian. At the same time, he is the Commander-in-Chief of all the Armed Forces; the army, the navy and the air
force, including the Capital command.
Section 3…
Role of the Armed Forces
The Armed Forces of the Philippines is the protector of the people and the
State. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of the State and the integrity of the national territory.
Secjtion 3…
The Prime Duty of Government is to serve and
protect the people.
Section 4
It is the right of a state to exact compulsory military service of its citizen and such exaction does not violate the principle of involuntary servitude.
This proviso was incorporated in view of the recognized inadequacy of a voluntary system both in terms of military effectiveness and in terms of equality between the rich and the poor.
Section 4…
The maintenance of peace and order, the protection
of life, liberty, and property, and the
promotion of the general welfare.
Section 5
The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of
life, liberty, and property, and the promotion of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people
of the blessings of democracy.
Section 5…
For the Filipino people to secure unto themselves and their posterity the blessings of independence and democracy as envisioned in the Preamble of the 1987 Constitution,
it is necessary for the Government
to maintain peace and orderprotect life, liberty and propertypromote the general welfare
Section 5…
The separation of the church and state shall be inviolable.
Section 6
The union of the church and the state is prejudicial to both. The provisions of the 1987 Constitution that compliments the principle of separation of the church and state are found under:
Section 5, Article IIISection 29 (2) of Article VISection 28 (3) of Article VISection 28 (3) of Article IX-C
Section 6…
“The Church and the State are two entities that play an important role in our
life.”
- Late Jaime Cardinal Sin
Let us keep them separate, by all means, but let us not interpret
separation as segregation. Let us believe that they can work hand
in hand, separate but parallel like two tracks on the railroad
leading to the same destination.
Section 6…
Independent Foreign Policy of the Philippines.
Section 7
The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its relations with other states the paramount consideration shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national
interest, and the right to self-determination.
Section 7…
The Philippines, consistent with the national interest,
adopts and pursues a policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory.
Section 8
The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from
poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full
employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life
for all.
Section 9
The State shall promote social justice in all phases of national
development.
Section 10
The State values the dignity of every human person and
guarantees full respect for human rights.
Section 11
The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the
family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn
from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of
the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall
receive the support of the Government.
Section 12
The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and protect their physical,
moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in
public and civic affairs.
Section 13
The State recognizes the role of women in nation-building, and shall
ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and men.
Section 14
The State shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health consciousness among
them.
Section 15
The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.
Section 16
The State shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster
patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and
promote total human liberation and development.
Section 17
The State affirms labor as a primary social economic force. It shall
protect the rights of workers and promote their welfare.
Section 18
The State shall develop a self-reliant and independent national economy effectively controlled by Filipinos.
Section 19
The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private
sector, encourages private enterprise, and provides incentives
to needed investments.
Section 20
The State shall promote comprehensive rural development
and agrarian reform.
Section 21
The State recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural
communities within the framework of national unity and development.
Section 22
The State shall encourage non-governmental, community-based, or sectoral organizations that promote
the welfare of the nation.
Section 23
The State recognizes the vital role of communication and information in
nation-building.
Section 24
The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments.
Section 25
The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public
service, and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law.
Section 26
The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and
take positive and effective measures against graft and corruption.
Section 27
Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts
and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions
involving public interest.
Section 28
The End...