“RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION “(SMART LABELS)

PRESENTED BY:ASHOK A MULE

PRESENTATION OUTLINEIntroductionWorkingApplicationsAdvantagesDisadvantagesFuture usesConclusion

What is RFID?RFID stands for Radio-frequency

identification(RFID) an Auto data collection system surveillance, using RF waves for Identifying, Tracking and doing Management of material flow.

It is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. An RFID tag is an object that can be attached to or incorporated into a product for the purpose of identification using radio waves.

• Is fast and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item.

• Basic concept behind RFID is same as “Mirror-Sunlight-Reflection theory.

• Invented and used from early 1940’s but Commercial operation begun from 1960’s.

RFID tags: Smart labels

4

… and a chip attached to it

… on a substrate e.g. a plastic

foil ...

an antenna, printed, etched

or stamped ...

A paper labelwith RFID inside

RFID System ComponentsRFID Tag

TransponderLocated on the object

RFID ReaderTransceiverCan read and write data to Tag

Data Processing Subsystem

Transponder• Consists of silicon based microchip that stores data and

antenna. Tags can be classified in three different ways : Active, Passive, Semi active (semi passive)• Active transponders have on-tag batteries and also known

as beacons (broadcast its own signal).• Passive transponders obtain all power from the RF

interrogation signal of reader.• Active and passive only communicate when interrogated by

transceiver. Tags can also be classified on the basis of:• Read-only (RO)• Write once, read many (WORM)• Read-write (RW)

SMART LABELS (tags)Typical Frequency: 13.56 MHz-HF system uses passive

tags - a worldwide standardized frequencyLibraries use high frequency passive tagsIn our library we paste these tags on the preface page

of the book Presently four main frequency bands used in RFID

systems

Low Frequency band: 125/134 KHz

High Frequency band: 13.56 MHz

Ultra High Frequency band: 800-900 MHz

Microwave band: 2.4-5.8 GHz

READER• A device that is used to interrogate an Tag.

Basic components are:

A scanning Antenna

A transceiver with a decoder to interpret data

helps in personalize & read data.

Some RFID readers

Data Processing SubsystemBackend System

Connected via high-speed network

Computers used for business planning (ERP)

Database storage

Can be as simple as a reader attached to a cash register

RFID System

Eth

erne

t

RFIDReader

RFID Tag RF Antenna Network Workstation

How does RFID work?

working

A radio device called a tag is attached to the object that needs to be identified.

When this tagged object is presented in front of a suitable RFID reader, the tag transmits this data to the reader (via the reader antenna).

The reader then reads the data and has the capability to forward it over suitable communication channels.

This application can then use this unique data to identify the object presented to the reader.

It can then perform a variety of actions

RFID tags - Active vs. Passive

Active RFID Passive RFIDTag Power Source Internal to tag Energy transferred using

RF from reader

Tag Battery Yes No

Availability of power Continuous Only in field of reader

Required signal strength to read tag

Very Low Very High

Range Up to 100 meters Up to 3-5m, usually less

Multi-tag reading 1000’s of tags recognized – speeds up to 100 miles/hour.

Few hundred within 3m of reader

Data Storage Up to 1Mb of read/write with sophisticated search and access

128 bytes of read/write

RFID ApplicationsManufacturing and Processing

Inventory and production process monitoringWarehouse order fulfillment

Supply Chain Management Inventory tracking systemsLogistics management

Retail Inventory control and customer insightAuto checkout with reverse logistics

SecurityAccess controlCounterfeiting and Theft control/prevention

Location TrackingTraffic movement control and parking managementWildlife/Livestock monitoring and tracking

continued……….

Inventory Monitoring Library book and bookstore tracking Pallet tracking (Wal-Mart and the Dept. of Defense)

Access Control Hand Implants ID badges

Payment Systems The American Express Blue Card, a feature they call Express

Pay Exxon Mobile Speed Pass Airline baggage tracking Cell phones are including RFID tags built in Electronic payment – credit card companies moving to RFID-

enabled cards to increase efficiency and reduce time at point-of-sale for customer, merchant, and card issuer.

Commercially for truck and trailer tracking in shipping yards Long range access control for vehicles

Entry gates Electronic toll collection

RFID application points

• Assembly Line

Shipping Portals

Handheld Applications

Bill of LadingMaterial Tracking

Wireless

Smart groceries

• Add an RFID tag to all items in the grocery.

• As the cart leaves the store, it passes through an RFID transceiver.

• The cart is rung up in seconds.

Smart groceries enhanced

• Track products through their entire lifetime.

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RFID Implants

Before After implant surgery

RFID animal tracking systemCattle and farm animals are being tagged to

improve tracking and monitoring of health.

AdvantagesContactless. An RFID tag can be read without any

physical contact between the tag and the reader.Writable data. The data of a read-write (RW) RFID tag

can be rewritten a large number of times.Absence of line of sight. A line of sight is generally

not required for an RFID reader to read an RFID tag.Variety of read ranges. Wide data-capacity range. Support for multiple tag reads. Perform smart tasks. Better collection managementImproved productivity and services.

Inventory ManagementRead/Write

- Ability to add information directly to tags enables each unique asset to carry its own unique history

Non-contact Reads - Ability to read tags at a distance, under a

variety of environmental conditions, without physical manipulation of the asset

Fast Read - Ability to simultaneously read large numbers

(1000-1750 tags/sec) of itemsAutomation

- Requires less human interventionAuthenticity - Each RFID chip is unique and can not be

replicated

Inventory ReaderA compact and light weight hand held device

Comfortable to use

High storage capacity

Multi functional (such as shelving,

sorting, searching, weeding and

reading)

Enhanced security

DisadvantagesPoor performance with RF-opaque and RF-

absorbent objects. Impacted by environmental factors.

Impacted by hardware interference.

Cost factors: Implementation and on going system cost.

It is a controversial technology

Future of RFIDMedical

Drug Counterfeiting Tracking & Tracing

Medical “Passports” Foster Care System

Food Chain PrecautionsShopping

Cashier-less check out and payment

Household TechnologySmart keysIntelligent washing machinesMonitoring refrigeratorsIntelligent ovens/microwaves

Conclusion

RFID is a Supporting Technology not a Competing technology………..

Slowly becoming an industry standardSpeeds up the supply chain processEasier to manage inventoryContinually evolving

THANK YOU