Astronomy 1ppt. by Robin D. Seamon

NOTE OUTLINE:

1.Historical Astronomers

2.Motion

3.Cycles:

• Seasons

• Moon phases

• tides

FAMOUS ASTRONOMERS

of the PAST

PTOLEMY

•Worked with sundials & trigonometry

•astronomer who accepted the common idea that the planets & Sun traveled around the Earth! (geocentric view)

WRONG!!!

COPERNICUS (1473-1543)

•Proposed that the Earth & other planets revolved around the sun (heliocentric view)

•People did NOT like this idea!RIGHT IDEA!!!

http://www.cyfronet.pl/~n1kokows/poszukiwania_en.html

http://students.ou.edu/G/Summer.D.Golden-1/coverpage.html

GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642)

•Used the invention of the telescope & mathematics to look at the universe

•Observed The Milky Way, the moon, Jupiter’s moons & more

http://ml.shapiro.gs/?p=64http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/nael/18century/topic_3/illustrations/imtelescope.htm

PBS: Telescopes

MOTION

http://utahscience.oremjr.alpine.k12.ut.us/Sciber06/6th/moon/html/rotate.htm

MOTION VOCABULARY:

•Axis: The tilt on which the earth spins (rotates)

•Latitude: lines running on a map or globe

•Longitude: lines running on a map or globe

•Rotation: spinning around from one point & back around

•Orbit: the path one body follows around another body

•Revolution: the movement of a body in orbit from one point back to that point; one complete trip

ADVANCE

LATITUDE:

Measured N & S of the Equator

LONGITUDE:

Measured E & W of the Prime Meridian

http://www.polaris.iastate.edu/NorthStar/Unit2/unit2_sub1.htm BACK

AXIS

http://pseudoastro.wordpress.com/2009/01/30/planet-x-and-2012-proof-earth-is-not-experiencing-a-pole-shift/

ROTATION

The earth makes one rotation on its axis every 24 hours. This makes day & night.

Earth satellite views: ppt. BACK

http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/astronomy/arny/instructor/graphics/ch04/0422.html

REVOLUTION

The earth travels one revolution around the sun in 365 Earth days.

BACK

Summer Solsticehttp://www.uwm.edu/~kahl/CoVis/Seasons/

JOHANNES KEPLER: (1600)

Mathematician & astronomer

•Kepler’s laws of motion:

•objects travel in an ellipse around another object

•objects move faster when closest to the sun and slower when farthest from the sun

•the more distant from the sun an object is, the longer it takes to orbit the sun

http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/scientists/johanneskepler.html

http://kepler.nasa.gov/johannes/#anchor784359

SIR ISAAC NEWTON: (1643-1727) Mathematician & astronomer

NEWTON LINKBIOGRAPHY

•Newton’s 1st law of Motion: objects remain still or in motion until another force is applied to it (law of inertia)

•Newton’s 2nd law of Motion: acceleration happens when a force is acted on an object. The greater the mass of the object, the more force is needed to move it. (f=ma)

•Newton’s 3rd law of Motion: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

•NEWTON LINK: explore the 3 laws

http://www.mrdowling.com/601-newton.html

VIDEO 1: planetary orbits are elliptical

p. 660-661

VIDEO 2: planetary rotation & revolution

Wandering Planets

LABp. 660-661

Why are there seasons on Earth?

•Equinox: when the sun is directly above the equator

•Solstice: when the sun is farthest N & S of the Equator

Summer Solstice

Winter Solstice

Autumn Equinox

Spring Equinox

http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/corporate/pressoffice/2006/pr20060317b.html

Seasons are dependent upon:

1.The Earth’s axis tilt

2.Where the Earth is on its solar revolution

Summer Solstice

HSW: VIDEO LINK(The Earth’s Seasons)

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12886-spin-around-the-solar-system-the-earths-seasons-video.htm

Longer days in the Summer

Summer Solstice Equinoxes Winter Solstice

Shorter days in the Winter

Day & night are almost equal

Longest day

Shortest day

http://www.uwm.edu/~kahl/CoVis/Seasons/

Video: vernal equinox

Video: summer solstice

Video: winter solstice

Video: seasons, N & S poles

Why does the moon change?

•Moon: a smaller body circling a larger body in space

Luna: Earth’s moon

•Luna rotates on its axis in about 27.3 Earth days

•Luna revolves around the Earth in about 28 Earth days

(Therefore, we see the same FACE of the moon)

Google Earth images

Luna’s Phases:

VOCABULARY

• Waxing the appearance of the moon getting larger (more sunlight shining on it as nights go by)

• Waning the appearance of the moon getting smaller (less sunlight shining on it as nights go by

• Crescent

• Gibbous

Waxing crescent

Waning crescent

• Eclipse: the shadow of one celestial body falling on another body

1.Lunar eclipse

1.Solar eclipse

Earth’s shadow on moon during lunar eclipse

Shadow on moon during solar eclipse

VIDEO 2: lunar eclipse

VIDEO 3: solar eclipse

VIDEO 3: total eclipse of the sun

VIDEO 1: Eclipses

MOON & ECLIPSE PHASES

LABp. 658 &

659

TIDES

Moon’s gravity pulls on the Earth’s oceans, causing the level of water to rise or lower:

1.High tide

2. Low tide

http://www.fotonomy.com/CeterusParibus/photo/1ee2edd8/

1.Spring tides:

Largest daily range -during new & full moons; every 14 days

2. Neap tides:

Smaller daily range -during 1st & 3rd quarters of moon

(sun, Earth, moon align)

(sun & moon are at right angles to the Earth)

VIDEO: Tides

VIDEO: HSW The Beauty of Astronomy (2 min)

VIDEO: Seasons & Astronomy: Summer (20 min)

VIDEO: Seasons & Astronomy: Fall (20 min)

VIDEO: Seasons & Astronomy : Winter (20 min)

VIDEO: Seasons & Astronomy: Spring (20 min)

TELESCOPE LAB

p. 266