Post on 27-Dec-2015
transcript
Atoms and Elements
Elements and Symbols
Periodic Table
Elements
Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes
Are the building blocks of matter
112 elements known todayExamples: carbon
goldcalcium
Symbols of Elements
Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only
Examples:
C carbon Co cobalt
N nitrogen Ca calcium
F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg
magnesium
Symbols from Latin Names
Element Symbol Latin name
Copper Cu cuprum
Gold Au aurum
Lead Pb plumbum
Mercury Hg hydrargyrum
Potassium K kalium
Silver Ag argentum
Sodium Na natrium
Tin Sn stannum
% Major Elements in the Body
O 65.0 % K 0.34
C 18.0 S 0.26
H 10.0 Na 0.14
N 3.0 Cl 0.14
Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004
P 1.0 Zn 0.003
Mg 0.50
Trace Elements
As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V
Element Symbols
Select the correct symbol for each:
A. Calcium
1) C 2) Ca 3) CA
B. Sulfur
1) S 2) Sl 3) Su
C. Iron
1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe
Solution
Select the correct symbol for each:
A. Calcium
2) Ca
B. Sulfur
1) S
C. Iron
3) Fe
Names of Elements
Select the correct name for each:
A. N
1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickelB. P
1) potassium 2) phlogiston3) phosphorus
C. Ag
1) silver 2) agean 3) gold
Solution
Select the correct name for each:
A. N
2) nitrogen B. P
3) phosphorus
C. Ag
1) silver
Periodic Table
The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties.
Physical Properties
The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance.
ColorSizeShapeDensityFreezing and Boiling PointsOdor
Groups of Elements
Vertical columns on the periodic table
Similar physical properties
Similar chemical properties
Groups on the Periodic Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Representative Groups
Group 1 Alkali Metals
Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 7 Halogens
Group 8 Noble Gases
Location of Some Groups
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
e
Al mk ea tl ai l s
Al ek a a rl ti h ne
Halogens
I Gn ae sr et s
Periods on the Periodic Table
Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8.
Numbered 1, 2, 3, ….
Include representative elements and
transition elements
Periods on the Periodic Table
1
2
3
4
5
6
Periodic Table Groups
A. Element in Group 17, Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group 2, Period 3
1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron
Solution
A. Element in Group 17, period 4 1) Br
B. Element in Group 2, Period 3
2) magnesium
Periodic Table Groups
A. Element in Group 17, period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group 2, Period 3
1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron
C. Metals in Group 14
1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn
D. Nonmetals in Group 15
1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb
Solution
A. Element in Group 17, period 4
1) Br
B. Element in Group 2, Period 3
2) magnesium
C. Metals in Group 14
1) Ge, Sn, Pb
D. Nonmetals in Group 15
2) N, P, As
Metals and Nonmetals
Metals Located to the left of the heavy line Shiny, ductileGood conductors of heat and electricity
Nonmetals Located to the right of the heavy lineDull and brittlePoor conductors, good insulators
Metals and Nonmetals
NONMETALS
METALS
METALS
Transition metals
Identifying Metals & Nonmetals
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:
A. sulfur ____
B. chlorine ____
C. sodium ____
D. iron ____
E. carbon ____
F. silver ____
Solution
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:
A. sulfur __2__
B. chlorine __2__
C. sodium __1__
D. iron __1__
E. carbon __2__
F. silver __1__
Identifying Metals & Nonmetals
Select the correct elements:
A. Metals in Group 141) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn
B. Nonmetals in Group 151) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb
Solution
A. Metals in Group 141) Ge, Sn, Pb
B. Nonmetals in Group 152) N, P, As