Post on 07-May-2015
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AUDIO VISUAL AIDS
DEFINITION “Audio visual aids are any device which
can be used to make the learning experience more concrete , more realistic and more dynamic” KINDAR . S. JAMES
PRINCIPLES Audio visual material should function as
integral part of educational programme Audio visual aids should be centralized
under specialized direction and leader ship
Advisory committee should be appointed for the selection and co-ordination of AV aids
Instructors have to help the student how to use AV aids
Budget appropriation should be made regularly
Legal aspect should be considered
Projected av aids
EPIDIASCOPE
Opaque projector, built of large blackConsists two mirrors at top & bottom;1000w bulbprincipleLight rays passes through the first mirror, then to the object, light rays from the illuminated picture then focuses to the second mirror , then it is projected to screen by using a convex lens operation :handle beneath the epidiascope is lowered then the picture want to project is placed on the plate and handle is fixed again , then switch on light
DIASCOPE OR SLIDE PROJECTOR
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE Helps in
retention of material
Attract attention Arouse interest
among the student
Tests students interesting
It is easily breakable
It should be planned in sequence
FILM STRIP PROJECTOR
Magic lantern, used for projecting film stripsIt contains condensing lenses to concentrate all light into beam,500w bulb, smooth channel for threading the filmNear the base of the channel there is knob which carries a film strip, can be turned by hand to pull the film strip through the projectorOPERATION : projector is placed on the table, as face to the screen, insert one end of the film strip in the knob (inverted position), film strip is advanced by turning the knobThe blower and the lamp switched on; distance between the projector and the screen is adjusted to get the picture on the screen
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES It is an
economical visual material
It is to make a convenient to handle and carry
Takes up little space and can be eassily stored
Logical sequence to teaching
The equipment used for is quite expensive
OVER HEAD PROJECTORVital teaching aid, replaces chalk board,
produces images behind and over the head of the teacher
It consists metal box with 1000w bulb and a concave reflector
vertical rod on the side of the box carries objective convex lens and mirror which can be
slows up and down by using rock and pinion arrangement
Size of the sheet is 25cm *25 cm
STEPS IN USING OHP
Place the OHP on the table facing to screen
Put the plug into the power wall socket switch on the blower first and
lamp
Move the objective lens and mirror up and down to get the image on the
screen
Explain the material on the transparency with a small pointerPlace the OHP sheet on the glass top
ADVANTAGES DIS ADVANTAGES• Permits the teacher
pointing the material & observe the student on the same time
• It can be used in fairly lighted room
• Materials projected can be changed quickly and easily
• Operation of OHP is convenient
• OHP can be used with other type of AV aids
OHP is too costly Writing by some type of
pen get blotted out on plastic
STEREOGRAPHY
Still picture gives illusion of space
Observer receives the impression of reality
Photographs are made by stereoscopic camera
Two photographs being taken from slightly different angle which are enlarged and merged into one view
MICRO FILM
Micro film contains photographed reading material each frame being reduced photo of printed page. It can be used for the storage and retrieval of information. when micro film is passed through microfilm reader, an enlarged image is found on the on the screen
GRAPHIC AIDS
Non projected aids
CARTOONMetaphorical presentation of reality, humorous caricatureIt is an interpretative which uses symbols to portray an opinion , situationQuality of drawing should be highADVANTAGESInitiate certain lesson, motivate students to start a discussion, make the lesson lively and interesting
COMIC STRIPSSeries of pictures very interesting in teaching stories, historical events, scientific processIt enhances imagination , stimulate reality and involvement
CHARTSVisual illustrative media for depicting the relation between main idea and supporting facts
purposes of charts for showing relation by means of facts and figuresTo show the continuity of processFor presenting abstract ideaFor showing the development of structureTo stimulate thinking HOW TO USE THE CHART EFFECTIVELY?
Types of chartNarrative chart : narrating the idea and the facts Cause and effective chart :relationship between rights and responsibilitiesChain chart: expressing idea and facts in the form of cyclesEvolution chart: for expressing changes in specific item from beginningStrip tease chart : expressing information step by step. it has Great suspense value, holding attention and building interest,Increases interest and imagination of audience Pull chartFlow chartTime or table chartJob chartTree chartFlip chartPie chart
FLASH CARDSThese are the sequence of cards which are presented before the audience in proper sequence to till a complete story, size :25 * 30cm, it should contain picture or diagrams PREPARATION OF FLASH CARDcut full sheet chart paper into four equal partsHeight of the writing should be 5cmIt should hold in a way that the audience can see properly ADVANTAGES OF FLASH CARDSused to introduce and present the topicCan be used to review a topicCan be used to develop cognitive ability of recognition and recall of students
GRAPHSIt depicts numerical or quantitative or statistical data are presented in the form of visual symbols TYPES OF GRAPHSPIE GRAPH: Data are presented
through the sectors of circle
BAR GRAPH
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Category 4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Series 3Series 2Series 1
A graphic presentation extends the scale horizontally along the length of the bars
LINE GRAPH
Categ
ory
1
Categ
ory
2
Categ
ory
3
Categ
ory
40
1
2
3
4
5
6
Series 1Series 2Series 3
Concepts are presented through the lines drawn either horizontallyOr vertically .The plotted points are connected each another
Pictorial graphPictures are used for expressing the idea ,more attractive and easily understood. Vivid pictures are used for depicting the information
Display boards
chalk board It is the life of the class room, helps to teacher in explaining, illustrating, and giving notes to children. It can be made of plastic, wood, cement or glass types of chalk boardORDINARY CHALK BOARD: it is movable and adjustableAnd contains a wooden supportROLLER TYPE: made of thick canvas, wrapped on a roller
Magnetic board: made up of steel on which magnet can used to hold the objects BLACK OR GREEN BLACK BOARD: framed with wood and available on black or green color
Rules in using chalk board
Letters and drawing should be in large size and legibleAvoid spelling mistakeWriting should be in straight rowDo not use abbreviationWhile writing on the board , the teacher should ensure that the class is attentive
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE Economical
teaching aid Captures
student attention
It can be used again and again
It makes the student to heavily depend on teacher
Makes chalk powder to inhaled by teacher
Constant use of chalk board make it smooth and full of glare
Bulletin board
It can be used for educational and informational purpose. It is a soft board which holds pins or tags and used for displaying material
Principles in the use of bulletin board
A board for posting notices should be kept separate from those for current events and studyPlacement of bulletin board is to have one near the administrator’s office , other near the library third on conference hall, fourth one is in class roomAppearance should be neat orderly and attractive mannerNotices should be removed as they have fulfilled the purposeCrowding of material should be avoided ,organized in attractive mannerBulletin board should be kept a little above the eye levels of the average individuals
Flannel board
The rigid material covered with flannel cloth. The item to be displayed are pictures, or drawing
Magnetic chalk board
A magnetic chalk board is framed iron sheet carrying porcelain coating .Magnetic chalk board can used to write with chalk stick , glass marking pencil, and to display pictures
3-Dimensional aids
ModelModels are the substitutes of real things . It can be made of clay, plaster of Paris, thermacole cloth, wood etc
Types of model
Scale model: correct idea of an object can be displayed
Simplified model : gives a idea about external form of object
Working model : to demonstrate in a simple way of an operation or process
Cross section model :inside of an object is visible
specimen
Part of a real object taken from natural setting. It shows the quality of structure . Eg :section of lung
Mock up
It emphasizes the functional relationship between device reality and its workability. Certain elements of original reality is emphasized to make it more meaning full eg :an artificial kidney to demonstrate dialysis
moulage
It can be made up of plastic material to stimulate life object
object
Brought from natural setting into class room that will make the instruction more meaning full
Audio aids
RADIO
CHARACTERISTICS OF AUDIO EXPERIENCEImmediacy : can describe the events as they happenEmotional impact :through the combined effect of music , voice , and environmental sound students interest can capturedOne way communication :no possibility of students feed back
recording
advantages
Recording can be stopped at willRecording can play when we requiredIt can be used for introducing as well as summarizing the topicTo evaluate the speech defect in ones own speechTo teach good pronunciation in foreign language
television
uses
It combines the sound and sight ,thus makes the experience more concrete, real, and immediate
Offers uniformity in communication even the back bench feels the pleasure of front row seat
It offers opportunity for seeing and listening
It can teach large number of students at a time
It provides excellent learning opportunity for both pre service and inservice education of teachers
Helps to make the leisure time more interested
Activity aids
dramatization
Makes the class room instruction more lively and interesting. Student get the opportunity for participating as well as in observing
computer
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE Handling large
number of student Multi dimensional
learning through works and graph
The high storage capacity of a computer allows to complete many activity at a time
It lacks human and emotional factor
Computers are very costly
Problem in developing language
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