Thematic Essay Review

August 2012

June 2011

Tasks Simply Put

• Describe what was going on before the technology was developed and what the technology was.

• Discuss the impact that the technology had

Printing Press• Before: Hand copied books• Invented by Gutenberg • Influenced by Chinese use of block

printing• Rapid spread of knowledge and ideas • Increased literacy and supply of books • Individuals challenged authority• Contributed to the spread of Protestant

Reformation

Factory System

• Before: Goods made at home and by hand • Goods began to be made in factories • Started in textile industry • First developed in England • Increased supply of goods • Goods made faster and cheaper • Child labor • Pollution • Led to urbanization as people moved into

cities

Tasks Simply Put

• Describe what was going on before. • What did the person do?• What was the person’s impact?

Martin Luther• Before: Catholic Church was dominate religious

force in Europe• Before: Religious unity in Europe• Luther was angered by corruption in Church and

sale of indulgences• Wrote the 95 Theses • Challenged Church’s authority • Ideas spread by Printing Press • Led to the Protestant Reformation • Lack of Religious unity in Europe Other forms of

Christianity formed • Religious wars in Europe broke out

Gandhi • Before: India was controlled by Britain• British killing of unarmed protestors at the

Amritsar Massacre increased calls for Indian independence

• Gandhi became leader of the Indian independence movement

• Supported peaceful, civil disobedience• Non-violent protest • Use of boycotts • Salt March • Homespum movement • Helped gain independence for India • Influenced civil rights and independence

movements around the world

August 2009

June 2008

Theme: Belief Systems

Tasks Simply Put

• What were the key beliefs? • What impacts did the belief system

have?

Hinduism • Religion started in India• No single founder• Caste System • Reincarnation of the soul• Karma • Dharma= religious and social obligations of your

caste• Ultimate goal is to reach Moksha • Ataman (soul) + Braham (universal spirit) =

Moksha • Caste System became the social class system of

India • Untouchables were discriminated against

Confucianism• Philosophy developed in China • Developed by Confucius• Wrote The Analects • The Five Relationships – Ruler to Subject – Father to Son – Husband to Wife – Older Brother to Younger Brother – Friend to Friend

• Following the Five Relationships would create social order and harmony

• Filial Piety

Confucianism

• Valued education over punishment• Influenced Chinese Civil Service

Exams • Valued good government – Allowed for social mobility

Theme: Change-Leaders/Ideas

Tasks Simply Put

• Provide some background on what was going on when the idea was developed?

• What were the ideas? • What influence did the idea(s) have?

John Locke• Before: Absolute monarchs ruled without the consent

of the people• Before: Scientific revolution began to challenge

traditional ideas • Enlightenment philosophers began to use reason to

understand natural law• Wrote the Two Treatises on Government• Believed all people born with natural rights • Life, liberty , property • Governments needed to rule with the consent of the

people• People had the right to overthrow gov’t that didn’t

protect natural rights • Influenced leaders of American, French, and Latin

American Revolutions

Mandela• Apartheid in South Africa segregated Blacks

from Whites• Apartheid was created to keep Whites

(Afrikaners) in power in S. Africa • only Whites could vote• Blacks forced to live in reserves or poor urban

areas known townships• Nelson Mandela became the leader of the

African National Congress – Fought to end apartheid – Was arrested and held in prison for 27 years

• Mandela Became the symbol of the fight against apartheid

Mandela

• International sanctions led by Bishop Desmond Tutu began to hurt S. Africa

• F.W. de Klerk released Mandela from prison and allowed Blacks to vote

• Apartheid ended • Mandela elected President of S.

Africa

Theme: Human Rights Abuses

Tasks Simply Put

• Provide some background on events that contributed to the event?

• What happened? • What attempts were made to correct

the violation or hold people responsible

The Holocaust• Hitler and Nazis scapegoated Jews for

problems faced by Germany after WWI • Hitler discussed his anti-Semitic views in

Mein Kampf • German Anti-Semitism led to Kristallnacht– Night of the Broken Glass – Jewish businesses and homes attacked and

vandalized

• Hitler passed the Nuremburg Laws to take away rights of Jews in Germany

The Holocaust• Hitler and Nazis developed the “final

solution” – Planned genocide of European Jews

• Established concentration camps to kill European Jews

• Holocaust resulted in the death of 6 million Jews

• Nuremburg Trials placed Nazi officials on trial for human rights violations and genocide for the first time – Sent message that individuals would be held

responsible for war crime and genocide

Apartheid in South Africa

• Before: Apartheid in South Africa segregated Blacks from Whites

• Before: Apartheid was created to keep Whites (Afrikaners) in power in S. Africa

• Before: only Whites could vote• Police kill protestors during Sharpsville Massacre

• Nelson Mandela became the leader of the

African National Congress • Fought to end apartheid • Was arrested and held in prison for 27 years• Became the symbol of the fight against S. Africa

Apartheid in South Africa

• International sanctions led by Bishop Desmond Tutu began to hurt S. Africa

• F.W. de Klerk released Mandela from prison and allowed Blacks to vote

• Apartheid ended • Mandela elected President of S. Africa• Truth and Reconciliation Commission to

deal with abuses during apartheid

Theme: Revolution

Theme: Political Revolution

French Revolution

• Enlightenment Ideas• Economic problems caused by Louis

14th spending– Built the Palace of Versailles

• Weak leadership of King Louis XVI • Social Inequalities– 1st and 2nd estates controlled wealth and

paid almost no taxes – 3rd Estate paid all the taxes and was 97

% of the population

French Revolution

• Food shortages and inflation sparked protests

• Storming of the Bastille • Meeting of the estates general called • 3rd estate made the Tennis Court Oath – Refused to leave until a new gov’t was

created

• Declaration of Rights on Man ended the monarchy & established a republic

French Revolution• Execution of King Louis 16th and Queen

Maria Antoinette • Robespierre led the Reign of Terror– Attempted to purge France of “enemies of the

revolution” – Thousands violently killed in the guillotine

• Influenced Latin American revolutions• Increased nationalism in France• Spread of democratic ideas• Led to the rise of Napoleon