Australia & New ZealandAustralia & New ZealandChapter #31Chapter #31

I. AustraliaI. Australia

A. A. Landform RegionsLandform Regions::– Great Dividing Range Great Dividing Range

(Continental Divide)(Continental Divide)– Central LowlandsCentral Lowlands– Western PlateauWestern Plateau

(covers (covers 2/32/3 of Aust.) of Aust.)

The The Great Barrier Reef Great Barrier Reef (NE Queensland) (NE Queensland) – World’s World’s largestlargest coral reef system coral reef system– >>1,2001,200 mi. long mi. long – National Park (National Park (19751975))

(Great Barrier Reef Marine Park)(Great Barrier Reef Marine Park)

B. ClimatesB. Climates DesertDesert continent w/ continent w/greengreen edges edges 2/32/3 = arid/semiarid = arid/semiarid The The OutbackOutback ==

the dry interior the dry interior Why so dryWhy so dry::

– Subtropical Subtropical highhigh pressure pressure– LowLow elevation elevation – Rain shadow Rain shadow effect effect

C. WildlifeC. Wildlife EndemicEndemic species species = =

native species native species MarsupialsMarsupials = =

mammals that have mammals that have pouchespouches

to carry their young to carry their young

Wallaby

Koala Kangaroo

Wallace’sWallace’s Line Line::– Line separating Line separating AsianAsian species & species & AustralianAustralian species species– Continental drift Continental drift isolated Australia & New Guinea isolated Australia & New Guinea

from other continents from other continents

ExoticExotic Species in Australia: Species in Australia:– Prickly Pear Cacti Prickly Pear Cacti – European RabbitEuropean Rabbit– Red FoxRed Fox– Cane Toad (Queensland) Cane Toad (Queensland)

Have no natural Have no natural predatorspredators & &

threaten threaten nativenative wildlife wildlife

D. HistoryD. History AboriginesAborigines = =

Australia’s native pop. Australia’s native pop. – NomadicNomadic lifestyle lifestyle – 300,000 – 1mill. originally 300,000 – 1mill. originally

1788: 1788: BritishBritish colonize colonize– Sydney = Sydney = penalpenal colony colony – 1851: 1851: GoldGold Rush Rush – Aborigines died of Aborigines died of Euro diseaseEuro disease

and and lostlost land land Today = Today = 1% 1% of Aust. pop (suffer from of Aust. pop (suffer from substancesubstance abuse) abuse)

E. Population Info.E. Population Info. 92% 92% = = EuropeanEuropean, 7% , 7% AsianAsian, 1% , 1% AborigineAborigine Majority religion = Majority religion = ChristianChristian (90%) (90%) Literacy rate = Literacy rate = 99% 99% (per capita GDP = (per capita GDP = $42,000$42,000) ) Official language = Official language = EnglishEnglish w/unique Aussie words w/unique Aussie words Some common Aussie words & meanings:Some common Aussie words & meanings:

– Biscuit Biscuit = cookie= cookie– ClicksClicks = miles per hour = miles per hour– Dunny Dunny = restroom w/only a toilet= restroom w/only a toilet– Esky Esky = ice chest= ice chest– G’day G’day = hello= hello– Shark biscuit Shark biscuit = inexperienced surfer = inexperienced surfer

F. SettlementF. Settlement High pop densities High pop densities = = southeasternsoutheastern coast (Marine-West-Coast) coast (Marine-West-Coast)

– Major cities grew as Major cities grew as portsports during colonial times during colonial times – 85% 85% of pop is urbanof pop is urban– Few in the Few in the interiorinterior? ?

Capital = Capital = CanberraCanberra

G. EconomicsG. Economics DevelopedDeveloped country w/ country w/free market free market economyeconomy

based on based on servicesservices & & exporting exporting raw materials raw materials – World leader in World leader in mining mining (uranium) (uranium) – Ag exporter (wool, meat, wheat) (farmland = Ag exporter (wool, meat, wheat) (farmland = 6%)6%)– Has Has 15% 15% of world’s of world’s sheepsheep (30% of world’s wool) (30% of world’s wool)– Trade w/Trade w/AsiaAsia & & USUS

II. New ZealandII. New Zealand

A. Natural Environments:A. Natural Environments:– Located on Located on Ring of FireRing of Fire

MountainousMountainous topography topography

– NorthNorth & & SouthSouth Islands Islands– Climate = Climate = Marine West CoastMarine West Coast

KiwiKiwi = endemic flightless bird = endemic flightless bird Has many Has many exoticexotic species species

B. Natural ResourcesB. Natural Resources Main resource = Main resource = farmlandfarmland (>50%)(>50%) Little Little mineralmineral wealth (impact?) wealth (impact?) Renewable Energy: Renewable Energy:

– Hydropower (Hydropower (65% 65% of electricity) of electricity) – Geothermal Geothermal

C. HistoryC. History 1769: settled by 1769: settled by BritishBritish Natives of New Zealand = Natives of New Zealand =

MaoriMaori– Better Better organized/unitedorganized/united – AcculturatedAcculturated into Western society into Western society

Most are Most are urbanizedurbanized

– Make up Make up >14% >14% of popof pop– Have more Have more landland rights than Abs. rights than Abs.– Maintain Maintain culturalcultural histories histories

Video of the haka Video of the haka

New Zealand All Blacks: New Zealand All Blacks: *have won >75% of rugby matches since 1903*have won >75% of rugby matches since 1903

*have held the top ranking in the world for longer than all other *have held the top ranking in the world for longer than all other countries combinedcountries combined

Another haka video Another haka video

Haka with interpretationHaka with interpretation

D. Settlement & EconomyD. Settlement & Economy

75% 75% live on live on NorthNorth Island Island Capital = Capital = Wellington Wellington Primate City Primate City = = AucklandAuckland

*at least *at least twice twice as largeas large

as the next largest cityas the next largest city Modern Modern free market free market

industrial economy industrial economy

CANE TOAD VIDEOCANE TOAD VIDEO

Video 1Video 1 Video 2Video 2 Video 3Video 3 Video 4Video 4 Video 5Video 5