Post on 30-Dec-2015
transcript
Avian Influenza
What, Where, When
Anthony Pescatore
Department of Animal Sciences
University of Kentucky
Be Prepared!Be Prepared!
The Poultry Industry supports communities planning responses to a Pandemic
Asian Bird Flu (H5N1) may or may not be the next “Big One” but we should respect it
While we need to be prepare we do not need to scare people
Remember my 88 year old Aunt
Avian InfluenzaAvian InfluenzaNomenclatureNomenclature
Birds: Influenza A type virus
Influenza A is divided into Subtypes based on their surface proteins:
Hemagglutin (HA): 15 subtypes
Neuraminidase (NA): 9 subtypes
H5N1
Influenzavirus AInfluenzavirus A
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DomesticPoultryShorebirdsDucksEquineSwine
Mammalia Aves
Host of Origin
H1H2H3
H4/6H5H7H8H9
H10/11H12H13H14H15
HumanHA
Subtype
Poultry FAD 2005
Influenza Virus (Flu)Influenza Virus (Flu)
Mammals and birds always have flu viruses circulating in their respective populations
Horses, Hogs, Humans, and Birds are just a few of the species that are susceptible to flu viruses
Flu viruses generally stay within species There are some exceptions like Swine flu, which
resides in hogs but can infect turkeys Flu viruses are always changing, that’s why the
human vaccine changes yearly
Avian Influenza (AI)Avian Influenza (AI)
North America has always had Avian Influenza strains circulating in waterfowl, wild birds, and live bird markets
“Asian Bird Flu”(H5N1) is one of many strains of Avian Influenza
Poultry companies are concerned about all avian influenza strains, not just “Asian Bird Flu”
Some Perspective on Some Perspective on Asian Bird Flu (H5N1)Asian Bird Flu (H5N1)
Less than 110 people have died from “Asian Bird Flu” and less than 200 are known to have gotten sick out of 3.7 Billion people in Asia
It is not contagious between people People afflicted with this disease had very close
contact with sick birds (live with them, butchered and ate products from sick birds.)
It has been known to be in Asia since 1997 but recently has moved into Africa and Europe
Asian Bird Flu (H5N1) infects Asian Bird Flu (H5N1) infects birds easily but does not infect birds easily but does not infect
people easilypeople easily
Factors in Asia that have Factors in Asia that have facilitated H5N1 Infectionfacilitated H5N1 Infection
Eastern Asia has the most poultry and people living in very close proximity
Unsanitary conditions Live Bird (Wet) Markets are a primary source for
poultry in cities Sick animals are likely to be eaten by impoverished
people Consumption of uncooked meat or poultry products
(such as raw blood) Cockfighting (highly mobile)
Asian Bird Flu(H5N1)Asian Bird Flu(H5N1)
This is not a subtle disease in birdsIt kills birds very quickly and in large
numbers (90% plus)With few exceptions, cases have been in
live markets, free roaming birds or birds kept in primitive conditions
Areas outside Asia
EU
Most of the outbreaks have been single incidences in wild birds (Swans, Tufted Ducks)
Record cold in Eastern Europe may have disrupted normal winter nesting areas
Three outbreaks in poultry (France, Germany and Sweden
EU approved vaccination of birds in France and Netherlands
Move birds inside in affected areas
Areas outside AsiaAreas outside Asia
Middle East Wild Birds and PoultryChange in Migratory routes Egypt hiding of sick birds lead to human
illness
AfricaSmall village flocks
What do you need to know What do you need to know about “Asian Bird Flu”?about “Asian Bird Flu”?
This disease will not sneak up on the U.S. U.S. commercial poultry are at a lower risk of
getting “Asian Bird Flu” than free roaming birds Wild birds, free range poultry, backyard birds,
Live bird markets, and gamecocks are at the highest risk of all Avian Flu
U.S. Poultry companies understand that this is “not just another AI virus” and are taking precautions
How are Poultry Companies How are Poultry Companies responding to the threat?responding to the threat?
All of the major poultry companies are testing all flocks prior to processing to ensure that poultry products are AI free
In the unlikely event of a H5N1 infection in commercial poultry, the flock would not be processed for food. (euthanized on farm)
Consumer Education Message: U.S. poultry products will be safe even if Asian Bird flu comes to U.S. (websites, brochures, articles)
What is being done in USWhat is being done in US
Voluntary (mandatory) surveillance program
Must test for exports Mandatory surveillance of live bird markets in
NY, NJ and east coast Increase awareness among poultry health
officials and state officials USDA increase information to small flocks
producers Import ban on poultry from Asia
What is being done in Kentucky?
•Commercial Surveillance Program
•Poultry Health Advisory Board
•Emergency Disease Plan
•Catastrophic Loss Training
•Creation of an indemnity fund for small flocks ($ 102,000) by commercial industry
How Poultry Companies are How Poultry Companies are structured to prevent diseasestructured to prevent disease
Chickens are raised indoors to protect from disease-carrying wild birds
A company representative visits the farm weekly to evaluate flock health
Producers alert the company immediately to changes in flock health status
Biosecurity: Procedures that keep disease away from the flock
Poultry BiosecurityPoultry Biosecurity
Unauthorized visitors are not permitted on farm Clean coveralls, hairnets, and disposable boots are
used when visiting farms Step pans disinfect footwear prior to entering Water systems sanitized (especially lake systems) Producers avoid contact with waterfowl,
gamecocks, poultry swap meets, etc.
Why aren’t we vaccinating our Why aren’t we vaccinating our chickens for Asian Bird Flu?chickens for Asian Bird Flu?
Historically, vaccinating for AI meant that a country was not serious about eradication
US Poultry relies heavily on exports: Breast meat stays in domestic markets, Leg quarters go overseas
U.S. companies believe that trade barriers would be imposed if U.S. vaccinated for AI
Overseas opposition to vaccination may vanish as more countries vaccinate for “Asian Bird Flu”
What can small producers do?•Biosecurity
•Personal Hygiene
Wash your hands, Wash your hands, Wash your hands
•Separate clothes and boots for the poultry
•Protective gear if creating an aerosol
•Be aware of where you have been
•Get sick birds to a diagnostic lab
•If you have a poultry event schedule in your county let the State Veterinarian Office know.