Post on 23-Mar-2016
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Awareness and Distributed Collaboration
David Ledo
TL;DRToo Long; Didn’t Read
DISTANCE MATTERSOlson, G. and Olson, J.
Distance Matters• Comparison between collocated and
remote (distributed) collaboration.• Looks at collocated interactions,
distant interactions with contemporary technology and potential future technology.
Collocated Interactions• Same physical location, opportunity
to meet in a common place (e.g. meeting room).
• Assist productivity.• Less feel of disorientation or lack of
context.
Collocated Interactions : Key Aspects
1.Rapid feedback through interaction.
2.Multiple interaction channels beyond verbal communication.• Body language, gestures, etc.
3.Known identity of collaborators
Collocated Interactions : Key Aspects
4.Continuous or analog information flow, subtle dimensions. Information can be modulated.
5.Shared local context. Easier socializing and mutual understanding.
6.Subsets of participants, coming and going.
Collocated Interactions : Key Aspects
7.Co-reference, joint reference to objects.
8.Individual control, choice of attention focus.
9.Spatiality of reference.
Distant Interactions• Some success stories, yay!
Distant Interactions• Some success stories, yay!• But a lot of failures too…• They looked a lot at video
conferencing.
Distant Interactions: Videos
• Video disambiguates difficulties to understand audio.
• Adds possibility to include gestures and some body language, expressions, etc.
• Person’s apparent size (distance from the display) affects the flow of conversation.
Distant Interactions: Videos
• Edward Hall’s theory of Proxemics.
Figure by Nicolai Marquardt
Success Factors1.Common Ground.
2.Coupling Work
3.Collaboration Readiness
4.Technology Readiness
Success Factors1.Common Ground.
2.Coupling Work
3.Collaboration Readiness
4.Technology Readiness
Common Ground
Success Factors1.Common Ground.
2.Coupling Work
3.Collaboration Readiness
4.Technology Readiness
Success Factors1.Common Ground.
2.Coupling Work
3.Collaboration Readiness
4.Technology Readiness
Success Factors1.Common Ground.
2.Coupling Work
3.Collaboration Readiness
4.Technology Readiness
Future Technologies: What’s to Improve
1.Rapid feedback through interaction.
2.Multiple interaction channels beyond verbal communication.– Body language, gestures, etc.
3.Known identity of collaborators
4.Continuous or analog information flow, subtle dimensions. Information can be modulated.
Future Technologies: What’s Hopeless
1.Common ground.
2.Time zones.
3.Culture.
4.Putting the 3 above together with technology.
DESCRIPTIVE FRAMEWORK: WORKSPACE AWARENESS
Gutwin, C. and Greenberg, S.
Descriptive Framework of Workspace Awareness for Real-Time Groupware
• Long title, long paper.
Descriptive Framework of Workspace Awareness for Real-Time Groupware
• Long title, long paper. It puts a lot of stuff together.
Descriptive Framework of Workspace Awareness for Real-Time Groupware
• Long title, long paper. It puts a lot of stuff together.
• Feels like: the guide you must follow if you want any form of awareness in your system.
Awareness: Issues
1.What kind of information people keep track of in shared workspaces?
2.How do people gather workspace awareness information?
3.How do people use awareness information in collaboration?
The Awareness Problem: Why
1.Groupware systems generate only a fraction of perceptual information.
2.Interaction with a computational workspace generates less information than physical actions.
3.Groupware systems don’t even present the limited information available to the system.
Awareness: Characteristics
1.Knowledge about the state of an environment bounded by time and space.
2.Maintained and kept up to date.
3.Interaction with the environment maintains awareness.
4.The goal is the task, not to maintain awareness.
Situational Awareness
1.Perceiving relevant elements of the environment.
2.Comprehending these elements.
3.Predicting the state of the elements in the future.
Workspace Awareness• Understanding of other people’s
actions within the workspace.• Focus: only the workspace and
domain task.• No need for high information load or
extreme dynamism.• Real problem we want useful
information!
Maintaining Awareness• Perception-Action Cycle.
What Information Makes Up Workspace Awareness?
• They even made a nice table for us!
What Information Makes Up Workspace Awareness?
• And one for the past.
How is Workspace Awareness Gathered?
• Information is obtained from1. Bodies in the workspace.2. Workspace artifacts.3. Conversations and gestures.
• Mechanisms1. Consequential Communication2. Feedthrough3. Intentional Communication
How is Workspace Awareness Gathered?
• Information is obtained from1. Bodies in the workspace.2. Workspace artifacts.3. Conversations and gestures.
• Mechanisms1. Consequential Communication2. Feedthrough3. Intentional Communication
How is Workspace Awareness Gathered?
• Information is obtained from1. Bodies in the workspace.2. Workspace artifacts.3. Conversations and gestures.
• Mechanisms1. Consequential Communication2. Feedthrough3. Intentional Communication
How is Workspace Awareness Gathered?
• Information is obtained from1. Bodies in the workspace.2. Workspace artifacts.3. Conversations and gestures.
• Mechanisms1. Consequential Communication2. Feedthrough3. Intentional Communication
How is Workspace Awareness Used in Collaboration?
1.Managing Coupling.
2.Simplifying Communication.
3.Coordinating Actions.
4.Prediction.
5.Assistance.
The Big Summary
Interesting Discussion
Things that made me think.
And I’d want to hear from you.
Can We Improve Common Ground?
Do You Think Systems Can Encourage Collaboration More
than Face-to-Face?
Example: Idea Playground
Does Culture Matter?
It does, but think in terms of collocated vs.
distributed interactions.
Should Awareness Try To Emulate the
Real World?We previously said that texting, online chatting and speaking in person were
different in terms of topics, interactions, etc. Should awareness be the same?
Can Awareness Improve Things and
Make Them Preferable for Collaboration?
Chris wrote in his review: “…much of the ‘awareness’ in these systems
are merely UI elements, and don't really solve the problem they purport to solve.”