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Baryon and Lepton Numbers: Life in the Desert

Pavel Fileviez Perez

Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics (CCPP) New York University

Talk at PASCOS2012, Merida, June 6, 2012

Collaborators:

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J. M. Arnold (Caltech)

V. Barger (UW-Madison)

B. Fornal (Caltech)

P. Nath (Northeastern Univ.)

S. Spinner (SISSA)

M. K. Trenkel (Germany)

M. B. Wise (Caltech)

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ReferencesP. F. P., S. Spinner, Phys.Lett.B673:251,2009; Phys.Rev.D83:035004,2011.

V. Barger, P. F. P., S. Spinner, Phys.Rev.Lett.102:181802,2009.

P. F. P., S. Spinner, M. K. Trenkel, Phys.Lett.B702(2011)260;Phys.Rev.D84(2011)09528.

P. F. P., M. B. Wise, Phys.Rev.D82:011901,2010.

P. F. P., M. B. Wise, Phys. Rev. D84(2011)055015.

P. F. P., M. B. Wise, JHEP1108(2011)068.

D. Feldman, P. F. P., P. Nath, JHEP 1201 (2012) 038.

P. F. P., Phys.Lett. B711 (2012) 353-359.

P. F. P., S. Spinner, JHEP 04 (2012) 118.

J. Arnold, P. F. P., B. Fornal, S. Spinner, hep-ph/1204.4458

Standard Model

NewTheory

SUSY (RpV)

GUTs (proton decay,

neutrino masses)

Others

Very often we need to think about the B and L violationand postulate a desert between the low and high scales !

B, L and Physics beyond the SM

cL⇤2

QQQL,c�⇤LLH2

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The World Largest Deserts

Deserts take up about one third (33%) of the Earth's land surfaceThanks to Wikipedia

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The Desert Hypothesis in Particle Physics:

LOW

SCALE

HIGH

SCALE

c

�2QQQL

��p > 1032�34 years =) � > 1015 GeV

�

Standard Model GUTs, Strings ?

B and L Violation: Seesaw Camel

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The Desert Hypothesis and Supersymmetry:

LOW

SCALE

HIGH

SCALE

MSSM GUTs, Strings ?

B and L Violation:

10 TeV ? 100 TeV ? ...

c5�QQQL

��p > 1032�34 years =) � > 1016�17 GeV

�

What about the LHu, LLec, QLdc and ucdcdcinteractions?

Seesaw Camel

Unification of Gauge Couplings !

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Aim: Minimal SupersymmetricStandard Model

What is the origin of the lepton and baryon number violating interactions in the MSSM?

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LOW

SCALE

HIGH

SCALE

MSSM GUTs, Strings ?

B and L Violation:

10 TeV ? 100 TeV ? ...

c5�QQQL

��p > 1032�34 years =) � > 1016�17 GeV

�

What about the LHu, LLec, QLdc and ucdcdcinteractions?

Aim: Can we break B and L at the TeV scale?

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Outline

- Introduction

- B and L in the Super-World

- Minimal Theory for R-parity (Non) Conservation

- Life in the Desert

- Summary

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Introduction:

�B = 1, �L = odd

Experimental Results

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- Proton Decay:

Miura, BLV2011

Generic Prediction from any GUT !

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�B = 2

�n�n > 10

8 s (free neutrons)

p p ! K+K+

�pp!K+K+ > 1032 years

- N-Nbar Oscillations:

- Di-nucleon Decays: �B = 2

Kamyshkov, Y 2012

(SK, Litos, 2010)

�L = 2

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- Neutrinoless double beta decay

Rodejohann, 2011

�B 6= 0nB � nB

n�⇠ 10�10

�Li 6= 0

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- Neutrino Oscillations:

Cosmology

Baryon Asymmetry: Baryon Number Violation

Sakharov’s Condition, 1967

Talks by Lindner, Valle, A. de Gouvea.

Can we expect B and L violation at the LHC ?

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B and L in the Super-World

M = (�1)3(B�L)M = �1 for

ˆ

Q, uc, ˆdc, ˆL, ec, �c

M = +1 for Hu, Hd, Vi

B and L Violation in the MSSM

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Majorana Neutrino Masses

Example:

e.g. Hirsch, Diaz, Porod, Romao, Valle, 2000

Proton Decay and R-Parity

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MGUT ⇠ 1016 GeV

d=5 operators

Example:

Dimopoulos, Raby, Wilczek,

P. Nath, Chamseddine,Bajc, P.F.P., Senjanovic

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What is the origin of the lepton and baryon number violating interactions in the MSSM?

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B-L Symmetry and R-parity

Aulakh, Mohapatra, 1982; Hayashi, A. Murayama, 1985; Mohapatra, 1986; Krauss, Wilczek, 1988;Font, Ibanez, Quevedo, 1989; Masiero, Valle’90Martin, 1992;Aulakh, Bajc, Melfo, Senjanovic, 2001P. F. P., S. Spinner, 2008-2012V. Barger, P. F. P., S. Spinner, 2008

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SU(2)LO

SU(2)RO

U(1)B�L

L =

✓�e

◆⇠ (2, 1,�1)

� =

✓H0

d H+u

H�d H0

u

◆⇠ (2, 2, 0)

SU(2)RO

U(1)B�L U(1)Y

h⌫ci 6= 0

Lc =

✓�c

ec

◆⇠ (1, 2, 1)

Which is the minimal SUSY Left-Right Theory ?

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Minimal Theory for R-parity Violation

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The Minimal B-L Model predicts

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- R-parity must be spontaneously broken !

- The B-L and R-parity breaking scales are defined by the SUSY scale.

- Lepton number violating signals at the LHC !

Scalar Potential and Symmetry Breaking

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B-L Breaking and SUSY Scales

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Realistic Spectrum

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31

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Mohapatra’86; Ghosh, Senjanovic, Zhang’10

Barger, P.F.P., Spinner’10

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Talk by Hannestad

The Desert Again !

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P. F. P., Spinner, 2010

Signatures at the LHC- Gluino as the LSP

- Squark as the LSP

- Charged Slepton as the LSP

- Neutral Slepton as the LSP

- Chargino as the LSP

- Neutralino as the LSP

P. F. P., S. Spinner, JHEP 04 (2012) 118

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P. F. P., S. Spinner, JHEP 04 (2012) 118Neutralino as the LSP

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Decay Length P. F. P., S. Spinner, JHEP 04 (2012) 118

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Branching Ratios

P. F. P., S. Spinner, JHEP 04 (2012) 118

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Number of Events

P. F. P., S. Spinner, JHEP 04 (2012) 118

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Discovery Reach at the LHC

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Model III: Stueckelberg B-L Model (Feldman, P.F.P., Nath’11)

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�SU(5)

WRpV = ✏iˆ5i5H + �ijk10iˆ5j ˆ5k + ⌘iˆ5i24H 5H

�SO(10)45H , 54H , ˆ126H , ˆ126H

F�c = ⇥ h�ci = 0 (SUSY Limit)

(210H)

R-parity and Grand Unification in 4D

Enforce Matter Parity Conservation

e.g. Aulakh, Bajc, Melfo, Senjanovic‘2000

Remark: We need to enforce the conservation of a discrete symmetry in models with 16_H Higgses

NO “simple” GUT which predicts R-parity Conservation !46

Talk by S. Raby

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Life in the Desert

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LOW

SCALE

HIGH

SCALE

MSSM GUTs, Strings ?

B and L Violation:

10 TeV ? 100 TeV ? ...

c5�QQQL

��p > 1032�34 years =) � > 1016�17 GeV

�

What about the LHu, LLec, QLdc and ucdcdcinteractions?

Aim: Can we break B and L at the TeV scale?

B and L as Local Symmetries

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E. P. Wigner, 1952

S. Rajpoot, 1987

Foot, Joshi, Lew, 1989

Carone, Murayama, 1995

P. F. P., M.B. Wise, 2010

Breaking Local Baryon and Lepton Number at the TeV Scale (NO Desert !!)

P. F. P., M. B. Wise, JHEP 1108(2011) 068

Q4, uc4, d

c4, L4, e

c4, �

c4

Qc5, u5, d5, L

c5, e5, �5

BQ4 + BQc5= �1,

LL4 + LLc5= �3

Breaking B and L at the TeV Scale

MSSM Matter

Extra Vector-like family

Anomaly free theory

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P. F. P., M.B. Wise, JHEP 1108(2011)068

WQ = �QQ4Qc5SB + �uu

c4u5

ˆSB + �ddc4d5

ˆSB

WL = Ye4L4Hdec4 + Ye5L

c5Hue5 + Y�4L4Hu⇥

c4

+ Y�5Lc5Hd⇥5 + Y�LHu⇥

c + ��c ⇥c⇥c ˆSL

WX = �1QQc5X + �2u

cu5ˆX + �3d

cd5ˆX + µXX ˆX

W5 =a1�ucdcdcSB

P. F. P., M.B. Wise, JHEP 1108(2011)068

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The BLMSSM

GSM

OU(1)B

OU(1)L GSM

OML

�B = 1,�L = 2

hSLi 6= 0, hSBi 6= 0

ML = (�1)L

a1�ucdcdcSB

a1 hSBi�

ucdcsc, ....

Symmetry Breaking

Symmetry Breaking at TeV and NO proton decay

P. F. P., M.B. Wise, JHEP 1108(2011)068

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mSB ,mSL ,mSBand mSL

are soft masses.

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Local B and L are broken at the TeV Scale

- No Landau poles at the low scale.

- The LHC bounds from SUSY searches could be avoided due to B violation.

- The Higgs boson mass can be large without assuming a large stop mass and left-right mixing.

Main Features:

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- Local B and L can be spontaneously broken at the TeV scale.

- The Proton is stable.

- No Flavour Violation at Tree Level.

115� 122 GeV

122� 128 GeV

M⌫4 = M⌫5 = 90 GeV

Me4 = Me5 = 100 GeVMh

P.F.P., Phys.Lett. B711 (2012) 353; J.M.Arnold, P.F.P., B. Fornal, S. Spinner, hep-ph/1204.4458

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Predictions for the Light Higgs Boson Mass

2�00

ijkucid

cj d

ck, �

00

ijkucid

cjd

ck

�00

ijk = aijk1

vBp2�

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Stop as the LSP and BNV:

J.M.Arnold, P.F.P., B. Fornal, S. Spinner, hep-ph/1204.4458

a1�ucdcdcSB

Form bounded states and give rise to displaced vertices !

Summary- The Minimal B-L Theories predict that R-parity should be spontaneously broken and one expects Lepton Number Violation at the LHC.

- There is no “simple” grand unified theory in 4D for R-parity conservation.

- There is no need for a desert if B and L are gauged and broken at the low scale.

- A simple theory where B and L are local gauge symmetries spontaneously broken at the SUSY scale was presented. This theory predicts B and L violation at the LHC !

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Muchas Gracias !

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MSSM Interactions

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RpCRpC

RpV

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p p ! X1

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SignalsattheLHC

SingleProduction: pp� X1 � NN � e±i e±j 4j

BenchmarkI:

mABL = 1 TeV, mX1 = 300 GeV, mZBL = 1.5 TeV,

mt1 = 150 GeV, mq,l = 1 TeV, mNi = 95 GeV,

�pp�X1 = 16.3 fb

L = 100 fb�1

Leptonnumberviolationplustwodisplacedvertices64

P. F. P., M.B. Wise, JHEP 1108(2011)068

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pp ! gg ! tt bb e�i e�j , tt tt ��

pp ! gg ! 4j e�i e�j , 4j ��

�(µ±µ±) < 58 fb

Mg > 1 TeV

Gluino as the LSP

Inclusive study by ATLAS: arXiv:1201.1091

Heavy Spectrum !

P. F. P., S. Spinner, hep-ph/1201.5923

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pp ! t�t ! bb e±i e⇥j , tt ��

pp ! q�q ! 2j e±i e⇥j , 2j ��

pp ! e⇤i ei ! tt bb, e+i e�i ��

pp ! �⇤i �i ! bb bb, ����

Squark as the LSP

Charged Slepton as the LSP

Neutral Slepton as the LSP

P. F. P., S. Spinner, hep-ph/1201.5923

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pp ! ⇥+⇥� ! e+i e�j ZZ, �� W+W�

pp ! Z� ! �01�

01 ! 4j e±i e

±j

pp ! ⇥01⇥

±1 ! 4j � e±i e

±j e

±k

Chargino as the LSP

Neutralino as the LSP

(Higgssino Case)

The Most Interesting Signals !

P. F. P., S. Spinner, hep-ph/1201.5923

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P. F. P., S. Spinner, JHEP 04 (2012) 118

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