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CopperSolvent Extraction
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BASF LIX technology recovery o copperrom leach solutions
Leaching copper rom oxide ores, low grade secondary sulde
ores, and primary sulde concentrates with aqueous acid or
ammonia solutions, ollowed by solvent extraction (SX) has
been practiced commercially since the late 1960s. Over time,
LIX Reagents (hydroxyoximes chelating agents) used in
these solvent extraction processes have become more ecient,
more selective and more economical to use.
The benets and objectives o the copper solvent extraction
process are purication o copper, concentration o copper and
conversion o the copper to a orm that allows BASFs customers
to produce desired nal metal products including cathode,
powder and crystals.
BASF produces a complete line o copper solvent extraction
reagents, including ketoximes, aldoximes, non-modied blends
and modied blends o ketoximes and aldoximes. These re-agents and reagent blends allow BASF to supply its customers
with an optimized reagent ormulation tailored to meet the
needs o their specic applications.
The overall leaching, solvent extraction and nal metal produc-
tion processes can be summarized in the ollowing simplied
fowsheet.
LEACHING PROCESS / SOLVENT EXTRACTION /
FINAL COPPER RECOVERY
Copper leaching
Recyc
ledleachsolution
Copper extraction
Strippe
dLIXReagent
Copper stripping
Aqueo
usstripsolution
Pure copper product
C
oncentrated&purifedc
oppe
rsolutio
n
C
opperloadedLIXReage
ntImpuremetalleachs
olution
LEACHING PROCESS SOLVENT EXTRACTION FINAL COPPER RECOVERY
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Ketoximes: Moderately strong extractants and can be used
without equilibrium modiers.
Aldoximes: Very strong extractants and have to be used in
mixture with an equilibrium modier or ketoxime to aid the
stripping process and obtain adequate net copper transer.
LIX Reagents work on a hydrogen ion cycle. Acid is generated
in electrowinning, transerred to the organic in stripping in ex-
change or copper and then exchanged or copper in extraction.
Advantages o BASF LIX Reagents
Fast kinetics: Rapid copper uptake and copper stripping
Selective: Very high iron rejection
Net copper transer: Can be adjusted to maximize
process perormance
Ease o operations: Cleaner phase separation and
lower crud ormation
High purity fnal copper product: Lower entrainment
levels and lower transer o contaminants
Low viscosity: Operate better at high reagent
concentrations and low temperatures
Lower costs: Lower losses, higher net transer, improved
chemical stability
Service
All LIX Reagents are backed by BASFs comprehensive MSP
Minesite Services Program and BASFs qualied experts and
engineers.
Computer modeling
The BASF Isocalc computer simulation program provides
plant operators with ast and accurate simulations o virtually
any copper solvent extraction process involving suluric acid
leaching ollowed by copper solvent extraction with LIX
Reagents. The Isocalc program will generate extraction and
stripping isotherms and construct McCabe-Thiele diagrams or
a large number o circuit congurations. The program can also
be calibrated to match the perormance o commercial SX
plants, which allows the production engineer to accurately
determine the impact that changes in PLS chemistry, reagent
concentration, reagent blend and /or circuit conguration will
have on copper recovery.
Final Copper Cathode product bundled,
weighed and ready for shipment.
THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURES FOR
THE KETOXIME AND ALDOXIME REAGENTS
LIX OXIME EXTRACTANTS
COPPER EQUILIBRIUM REACTION
2 RH(org) + Cu+2SO4
2-(aq) R2Cu(org) + 2H
+1SO42-
(aq)
C
CH3
NOHOH
R
C
H
NOHOH
R
Ketoxime R = C9H25 Aldoxime R = C9H25 or C12H25
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5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
60
50
40
30
20 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
SX plant confgurations andfnal copper product
Commercial copper SX plants are designed around one o the
several proven circuit congurations: series, series parallel,
modied series parallel and optimum series parallel (or inter-
laced). The circuit conguration chosen will depend on several
variables unique to the site including economics, leach solutionchemistry and the operating philosophy o the company
associated with each plant. The solvent extraction process
can produce several dierent nal copper products, however,
most SX plants produce copper cathode.
Organicg/lcopper
Aqueous g / l copperRaff. = 0.22
Equilibrium extraction isotherm / two stage
McCabe-Thiele diagram with a typical LIX Reagent
Feed=2.5
0g/lCu
S. O.
L. O.
Aqueousg/lcopper
Organic g / l copper
Equilibrium strip isotherm /one strip stage
McCabe-Thiele diagram with a typical LIX Reagent
Loadedorganic=
3.9
0g/lCu
P. E.
S.O
.=1.7
7
S. E.
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The descriptions, designs, data and inormation contained herein are presented in good aith, and are based on BASFscurrent knowledge and experience. They are provided or guidance only, and do not constitute the agreed contractualquality o the product or a part o BASFs terms and conditions o sale. Because many actors may aect processing orapplication /use o the product, BASF recommends that the reader carry out its own investigations and tests to determinethe suitability o a product or its particular purpose prior to use. It is the responsibility o the recipient o product to ensurethat any proprietary rights and existing laws and legislation are observed. No warranties o any kind, either express orimplied, including, but not limited to, warranties o merchantability or tness or a particular purpose, are made regarding
products described or designs, data or inormation set orth herein, or that the products, descriptions, designs, data orinormation may be used without inringing the intellectual property rights o others. Any descriptions, designs, data andinormation given in this publication may change without prior inormation. The descriptions, designs, data, and inormationurnished by BASF hereunder are given gratis and BASF assumes no obligation or liability or the descriptions, designs,data or inormation given or results obtained, all such being given and accepted at the readers risk. (09/ 2013 )
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