Basic News Story Structure - JNL-1102 - Reporting and Writing I - Professor Linda Austin - National...

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CHAPTER 3:BASIC STORY STRUCTUREIdentify hard news, features and news featuresIdentify lead and body and how they are different for hard news and featuresWrite a summary lead and define inverted pyramidIdentify so what (nut graph), news peg, context and background

Hard news vs. soft newsHard or breaking newsTimely stories about events that have just happened or are about to happen.Examples:• Crime• Accidents• Disasters• Government reports• Parliament passes a law• One company buys another• Results of a badminton match • Photo by Steven Taschuk

Hard news vs. soft news

Soft news or featuresNews that entertains or informs with an emphasis on human interest and novelty and less so on immediacy. Often, inspires warm and fuzzy feelings.Examples:• Animals• Children • Celebrities• Humor • Holidays Photo by Nathan

Structure of a story

Lead

Body

= introduction

= the rest

Hard news vs. soft newsHard or breaking newsTimely stories about events that have just happened or are about to happen.

• Photo by Steven Taschuk

Lead

Body

• Usually one sentence• What the story is about• Summary of the most

important of the 5 Ws and H

• Info in order of importance• Explains and supports lead• Details, quotes, background

Definition: Inverted pyramidHard-news structure

Story organization in which the most important information is placed at the beginning, or in the lead, followed by information that supports the lead, and then less important information.

Origin: inverted pyramid

• American Civil War reporters sent stories by telegraph.• Stories were often cut off in mid-sentence, before the

reporter had said who’d won the battle. • Editors: file fact-filled summaries FIRST, then add the

details.

Hard-news structure

By

Expe

rt In

fant

ryof

a M

athe

w B

rady

pho

to

Advantages: inverted pyramid•Condenses information efficiently, so readers can grasp facts quickly.

•Allows editors to trim stories from the bottom, since the details in the text become gradually less essential.

•Forces reporter to focus on what are the most important elements

Hard-news structure

Disadvantages: inverted pyramid•Can be boring. No suspense.•Doesn’t tell the reader a story with a beginning, middle and end.

• Instead of a strong ending, the story loses steam, encouraging people to stop reading.

Hard-news structure

Writing from the Top Down: Pros and Cons of the Inverted Pyramid, by Chip Scanlan for Poynter.org

Example: inverted pyramidThe world’s oldest dog has died in Sakura, Japan, at the age of 26 years and eight months — equal to 125 human years.

Pusuke, a fluffy tan Shiba mix, died Monday after suddenly falling ill and refusing to eat.

“I thank him for living so long with me,” owner Yumiko Shinohara told reporters. “I felt as if he was my child.”

The dog was born at the home of Shinohara’s sister in March 1985 and was registered as a pet on April 1 that year.

In 2008, he suffered serious injuries after being hit by a car. A veterinarian told Shinohara it would be difficult to save Pusuke’s life, but the dog underwent successful surgery.

Pusuke was recognized as the world’s oldest living dog last December. The Guinness record for canine longevity is 29 years, set by Bluey, an Australian cattle dog who died in 1939.

Hard-news structure

From Tim Harrower’s Inside Reporting

Example: inverted pyramidThe world’s oldest dog has died in Sakura, Japan, at the age of 26 years and eight months — equal to 125 human years.

Pusuke, a fluffy tan Shiba mix, died Monday after suddenly falling ill and refusing to eat.

“I thank him for living so long with me,” owner Yumiko Shinohara told reporters. “I felt as if he was my child.”

The dog was born at the home of Shinohara’s sister in March 1985 and was registered as a pet on April 1 that year.

In 2008, he suffered serious injuries after being hit by a car. A veterinarian told Shinohara it would be difficult to save Pusuke’s life, but the dog underwent successful surgery.

Pusuke was recognized as the world’s oldest living dog last December. The Guinness record for canine longevity is 29 years, set by Bluey, an Australian cattle dog who died in 1939.

Hard-news structure

From Tim Harrower’s Inside Reporting

Example: inverted pyramidThe world’s oldest dog has died in Sakura, Japan, at the age of 26 years and eight months — equal to 125 human years.

Pusuke, a fluffy tan Shiba mix, died Monday after suddenly falling ill and refusing to eat.

“I thank him for living so long with me,” owner Yumiko Shinohara told reporters. “I felt as if he was my child.”

The dog was born at the home of Shinohara’s sister in March 1985 and was registered as a pet on April 1 that year.

In 2008, he suffered serious injuries after being hit by a car. A veterinarian told Shinohara it would be difficult to save Pusuke’s life, but the dog underwent successful surgery.

Pusuke was recognized as the world’s oldest living dog last December. The Guinness record for canine longevity is 29 years, set by Bluey, an Australian cattle dog who died in 1939.

Hard-news structure

From Tim Harrower’s Inside Reporting

Example: inverted pyramidThe world’s oldest dog has died in Sakura, Japan, at the age of 26 years and eight months — equal to 125 human years.

Pusuke, a fluffy tan Shiba mix, died Monday after suddenly falling ill and refusing to eat.

“I thank him for living so long with me,” owner Yumiko Shinohara told reporters. “I felt as if he was my child.”

The dog was born at the home of Shinohara’s sister in March 1985 and was registered as a pet on April 1 that year.

In 2008, he suffered serious injuries after being hit by a car. A veterinarian told Shinohara it would be difficult to save Pusuke’s life, but the dog underwent successful surgery.

Pusuke was recognized as the world’s oldest living dog last December. The Guinness record for canine longevity is 29 years, set by Bluey, an Australian cattle dog who died in 1939.

Hard-news structure

From Tim Harrower’s Inside Reporting

Example: inverted pyramidThe world’s oldest dog has died in Sakura, Japan, at the age of 26 years and eight months — equal to 125 human years.

Pusuke, a fluffy tan Shiba mix, died Monday after suddenly falling ill and refusing to eat.

“I thank him for living so long with me,” owner Yumiko Shinohara told reporters. “I felt as if he was my child.”

The dog was born at the home of Shinohara’s sister in March 1985 and was registered as a pet on April 1 that year.

In 2008, he suffered serious injuries after being hit by a car. A veterinarian told Shinohara it would be difficult to save Pusuke’s life, but the dog underwent successful surgery.

Pusuke was recognized as the world’s oldest living dog last December. The Guinness record for canine longevity is 29 years, set by Bluey, an Australian cattle dog who died in 1939.

Hard-news structure

From Tim Harrower’s Inside Reporting

Example: inverted pyramidThe world’s oldest dog has died in Sakura, Japan, at the age of 26 years and eight months — equal to 125 human years.

Pusuke, a fluffy tan Shiba mix, died Monday after suddenly falling ill and refusing to eat.

“I thank him for living so long with me,” owner Yumiko Shinohara told reporters. “I felt as if he was my child.”

The dog was born at the home of Shinohara’s sister in March 1985 and was registered as a pet on April 1 that year.

In 2008, he suffered serious injuries after being hit by a car. A veterinarian told Shinohara it would be difficult to save Pusuke’s life, but the dog underwent successful surgery.

Pusuke was recognized as the world’s oldest living dog last December. The Guinness record for canine longevity is 29 years, set by Bluey, an Australian cattle dog who died in 1939.

Hard-news structure

From Tim Harrower’s Inside Reporting

Example: inverted pyramidThe world’s oldest dog has died in Sakura, Japan, at the age of 26 years and eight months — equal to 125 human years.

Pusuke, a fluffy tan Shiba mix, died Monday after suddenly falling ill and refusing to eat.

“I thank him for living so long with me,” owner Yumiko Shinohara told reporters. “I felt as if he was my child.”

The dog was born at the home of Shinohara’s sister in March 1985 and was registered as a pet on April 1 that year.

In 2008, he suffered serious injuries after being hit by a car. A veterinarian told Shinohara it would be difficult to save Pusuke’s life, but the dog underwent successful surgery.

Pusuke was recognized as the world’s oldest living dog last December. The Guinness record for canine longevity is 29 years, set by Bluey, an Australian cattle dog who died in 1939.

Hard-news structure

From Tim Harrower’s Inside Reporting

Example: inverted pyramidThe world’s oldest dog has died in Sakura, Japan, at the age of 26 years and eight months — equal to 125 human years.

Pusuke, a fluffy tan Shiba mix, died Monday after suddenly falling ill and refusing to eat.

“I thank him for living so long with me,” owner Yumiko Shinohara told reporters. “I felt as if he was my child.”

The dog was born at the home of Shinohara’s sister in March 1985 and was registered as a pet on April 1 that year.

In 2008, he suffered serious injuries after being hit by a car. A veterinarian told Shinohara it would be difficult to save Pusuke’s life, but the dog underwent successful surgery.

Pusuke was recognized as the world’s oldest living dog last December. The Guinness record for canine longevity is 29 years, set by Bluey, an Australian cattle dog who died in 1939.

Hard-news structure

From Tim Harrower’s Inside Reporting

Example: inverted pyramidThe world’s oldest dog has died in Sakura, Japan, at the age of 26 years and eight months — equal to 125 human years.

Pusuke, a fluffy tan Shiba mix, died Monday after suddenly falling ill and refusing to eat.

“I thank him for living so long with me,” owner Yumiko Shinohara told reporters. “I felt as if he was my child.”

The dog was born at the home of Shinohara’s sister in March 1985 and was registered as a pet on April 1 that year.

In 2008, he suffered serious injuries after being hit by a car. A veterinarian told Shinohara it would be difficult to save Pusuke’s life, but the dog underwent successful surgery.

Pusuke was recognized as the world’s oldest living dog last December. The Guinness record for canine longevity is 29 years, set by Bluey, an Australian cattle dog who died in 1939.

Hard-news structure

From Tim Harrower’s Inside Reporting

Example: inverted pyramidThe world’s oldest dog has died in Sakura, Japan, at the age of 26 years and eight months — equal to 125 human years.

Pusuke, a fluffy tan Shiba mix, died Monday after suddenly falling ill and refusing to eat.

“I thank him for living so long with me,” owner Yumiko Shinohara told reporters. “I felt as if he was my child.”

The dog was born at the home of Shinohara’s sister in March 1985 and was registered as a pet on April 1 that year.

In 2008, he suffered serious injuries after being hit by a car. A veterinarian told Shinohara it would be difficult to save Pusuke’s life, but the dog underwent successful surgery.

Pusuke was recognized as the world’s oldest living dog last December. The Guinness record for canine longevity is 29 years, set by Bluey, an Australian cattle dog who died in 1939.

Hard-news structure

From Tim Harrower’s Inside Reporting

The story: “3 Little Pigs”• Once upon a time, there were three little pigs. One pig built

a house of straw, while the second pig built his house with sticks. The third little pig built his house with bricks.

• Spying a tasty meal, a big bad wolf chased the first two pigs, and they ran and hid in their houses. The wolf went to the first house of straw and huffed and puffed and blew the house down. The frightened little pig ran to the second pig’s house that was made of sticks. The wolf came to this house of sticks and huffed and puffed and blew the house down. Now, the two little pigs ran to the third pig’s house that was made of bricks.

• The big bad wolf tried to huff and puff and blow the brick house down, but he could not. He tried to enter through the chimney, but the third little pig boiled a big pot of water and kept it below the chimney. The wolf fell into it and died.Excerpted from: http://shortstoriesshort.com/story/the-three-little-pigs/

Hard-news structure

5 Ws and H: “3 Little Pigs”Who? • The three little pigs and the wolfWhat happened? • Wolf blew down the straw and stick houses of the first

two little pigs. Wolf tried but failed to blow down the brick house of the third pig, where all three pigs had gathered. Wolf tried to enter the brick house through the chimney and fell into a pot of boiling water and died.

Where did it take place? • At a straw house, a stick house and a brick house.When did it take place? At various times in one day.

Hard-news structure

Excerpted from http://blog.journalistics.com/2010/five-ws-one-h/

5 Ws and H: “3 Little Pigs”Why did it happen? • Wolf was trying to eat the pigs. How did it happen? • The first two houses were not built to withstand Wolf’s

powerful breath. Unable to blow down the brick house, Wolf fell into a pot of boiling water when entering through the chimney.

Hard-news structure

Text excerpted from http://blog.journalistics.com/2010/five-ws-one-h/ Image by "Page 69 illustration in English Fairy Tales" by Joseph Jacobs - English Fairy Tales, Jacobs, J., 1895 New York : Grossett & Dunlap (2nd edition?)

Hard-news structure

WHODID

WHAT

Strong, active verb

What’s your summary lead for “3 Little Pigs”?A wolf blew down two pigs’ houses but was killed when he entered a third pig’s house, according to witnesses. None of the pigs was injured.

Hard-news structureB

y P

roje

ct G

uten

berg

eTe

xt

Summary lead• Usually one sentence• What the story is about:

who did what• Summary of the most

important of the 5 Ws and H

Hard news vs. soft newsSoft news or features

News that entertains or informs with an emphasis on human interest and novelty and less so on immediacy. Often, inspires warm and fuzzy feelings.Examples:• Animals• Children • Celebrities• Humor • Holidays Photo by Nathan

Vocabulary review

• Human interest:An event or situation that appeals to the emotions of readers• Anecdote:A short factual story within a feature story, written with a beginning, middle and end. It is usually several paragraphs and illustrates an important point the writer is trying to make.

Hard news, soft news or news feature

By

sim

plei

nsom

nia

Vocabulary review• So what? or nut graph:A phrase meant to remind reporters to include in their stories the significance of a news event or feature. It tells the reader why they should care about a particular event and how it could affect people.

Hard news, soft news or news feature

By

Jørg

en S

chyb

erg

Vocabulary review• So what? or nut graph

answers:• What’s really important

about this event or development?

• Why do my readers or listeners need to know this?

• How will it affect their lives?

Hard news, soft news or news feature

By

Jørg

en S

chyb

erg

Vocabulary review• So what? or nut

graph answers:• What’s really

important about this event or development?

• Why do my readers or listeners need to know this?

• How will it affect their lives?

Hard news, soft news or news feature

Vice President U Nyan Tun met Mr. Nikolai P. Patrushev, Secretary of Russia’s Security Council and party at the President Hotel in Moscow on Wednesday morning.They discussed further cementing friendly relations and cooperation between the two countries, cooperation in defence and security sectors, preparations for signing the MOUs,…..

No nut graph

Vocabulary review

• News peg:The recent breaking or hard news that has prompted this more in-depth news feature.

Hard news, soft news or news feature

By

And

y R

oger

s

Hard news vs. soft newsSoft news or featuresNews that entertains or informs with an emphasis on human interest and novelty and less so on immediacy. Often, inspires warm and fuzzy feelings.

Lead

Body

• May be a description of a person or place or a little story, or anecdote

• Includes so what or nut graph

• No more than four graphs

• Has a beginning, middle and end

• Good descriptions and quotes

Pho

to b

y N

atha

n

Hard news vs. soft news

News featureA story based on a breaking-news event reported with feature-writing techniques and/or a human-interest angle.Examples:• Trend stories• Events told through the eyes of one person• A follow-up story that examines one angle of a breaking-news event in more detail

• Anniversaries of news events

• Photos by Steven Taschuk and Nathan

Soft news versus news feature: what’s the key difference?• Soft news: News that entertains or informs with an emphasis on human interest and novelty and less so on immediacy. Often, inspires warm and fuzzy feelings.

• News feature: A story based on a breaking-news event reported with feature-writing techniques and/or a human-interest angle.

Hard news, soft news or news feature

News featureA story based on a breaking-news event reported with feature-writing techniques and/or a human-interest angle.

Lead

Body

• May be a description of a person or place or a little story, or anecdote

• Includes so what or nut graph with news peg

• No more than four grafs

• Has a beginning, middle and end

• Good descriptions and quotes

Vocabulary reviewA. Timely stories about events

that have just happened or are about to happen.

B. News that entertains or informs with an emphasis on human interest and novelty and less so on immediacy. Often, inspires warm and fuzzy feelings.

C. A story based on a breaking-news event reported with feature-writing techniques and/or a human-interest angle.

Hard news, soft news or news feature

1. Soft news2. Hard news3. News feature

Hard news, soft news or news feature

Hard

Hard news, soft news or news feature

“Zhou Yongkang…shared the documents with his

qigong master, who claims supernatural abilities.”

So What?or nut graph

Hard news, soft news or news feature

“It’s the latest example of a trusted relationship between the leadership of the party, which nominally espouses atheism, and spirituality.”

Newsfeature

Hard news, soft news or news feature

Hard news vs. soft news

News featureA story based on a breaking-news event reported with feature-writing techniques and/or a human-interest angle.Examples:A. Trend storiesB. Events told through the eyes of one personC. A follow-up story that examines one angle of

a breaking-news event in more detail D. Anniversaries of news events

• Photos by Steven Taschuk and Nathan

Trendstory

Hard news, soft news or news feature

Hard news, soft news or news feature

Summary lead: whodid what

Hard

Hard news, soft news or news feature

Newsfeature

Hard news vs. soft news

News featureA story based on a breaking-news event reported with feature-writing techniques and/or a human-interest angle.Examples:A. Trend storiesB. Events told through the eyes of one personC. A follow-up story that examines one angle of

a breaking-news event in more detail D. Anniversaries of news events

• Photos by Steven Taschuk and Nathan

Hard news, soft news or news feature

Events told through one

person’s eyes

Hard news, soft news or news feature

• May be a description of a person or place or a little story, or anecdote

• Includes so what or nut graph with news peg

• No more than four grafs

Lead

Hard news, soft news or news feature

Summary lead: whodid what

Hard

Hard news, soft news or news feature

May 6, 2015

Hard news, soft news or news feature

• May be a description of a person or place or a little story, or anecdote

• Includes so what or nut graph with news peg

• No more than four grafs

Lead

Hard news, soft news or news feature

May 6, 2015 Newsfeature

Hard news vs. soft news

News featureA story based on a breaking-news event reported with feature-writing techniques and/or a human-interest angle.Examples:A. Trend storiesB. Events told through the eyes of one personC. A follow-up story that examines one angle of

a breaking-news event in more detail D. Anniversaries of news events

• Photos by Steven Taschuk and Nathan

Hard news, soft news or news feature

May 6, 2015

Follow-up

Hard news, soft news or news featureJune 4, 1989

Hard

Hard news, soft news or news featureJune 2, 2014

Newsfeature

Hard news vs. soft news

News featureA story based on a breaking-news event reported with feature-writing techniques and/or a human-interest angle.Examples:A. Trend storiesB. Events told through the eyes of one personC. A follow-up story that examines one angle of

a breaking-news event in more detail D. Anniversaries of news events

• Photos by Steven Taschuk and Nathan

Hard news, soft news or news featureJune 2, 2014Anniversary of

news event

Definitions: context and backgroundBoth help readers better understand the event. Which is context? Background?

A. Information in a story that tells readers the current general situation related to the event being reported in the story.

B. Information in a story that tells readers what happened in the past, related to the event being reported in the story.

ContextBackground

Definitions: context and background

Find both: The prime minister’s statement came amid a tense stand-off between Cambodian and Thai troops near the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple, which last month erupted into a clash that raised concerns of a border war.

By

Will

iam

Bre

hm

Definitions: context and background

Context? The prime minister’s statement came amid a tense stand-off between Cambodian and Thai troops near the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple, which last month erupted into a clash that raised concerns of a border war.

By

Will

iam

Bre

hm

Definitions: context and background

Context? The prime minister’s statement came amid a tense stand-off between Cambodian and Thai troops near the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple, which last month erupted into a clash that raised concerns of a border war.

By

Will

iam

Bre

hm

Definitions: context and background

Background? The prime minister’s statement came amid a tense stand-off between Cambodian and Thai troops near the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple, which last month erupted into a clash that raised concerns of a border war.

By

Will

iam

Bre

hm

Definitions: context and background

Background? The prime minister’s statement came amid a tense stand-off between Cambodian and Thai troops near the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple, which last month erupted into a clash that raised concerns of a border war.

By

Will

iam

Bre

hm

Definitions: context and background

So what, or nut graph? The prime minister’s statement came amid a tense stand-off between Cambodian and Thai troops near the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple, which last month erupted into a clash that raised concerns of a border war.

By

Will

iam

Bre

hm

Definitions: context and background

So what, or nut graph? The prime minister’s statement came amid a tense stand-off between Cambodian and Thai troops near the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple, which last month erupted into a clash that raised concerns of a border war.

By

Will

iam

Bre

hm

Bottom right, page 27:Southeast Asia’s five Mekong River countries

are studying a plan to set up an association of rice-exporting nations. Vietnam’s prime minister made the announcement yesterday in Hanoi….

He says these nations are the rice bowl of the Asian region and their exports account for 50 percent of the world market so they have an important role to play in ensuring food security.

Thailand proposed a rice exporters’ cartel last April, as world grain prices reached record levels. It back away from the plan after the Asian Development Bank and rice-importing countries criticized it, saying it would increase hunger and poverty.

Review: Chapter 3

•Hard news, soft news or news feature?•Lead?•Body?• Inverted pyramid?•News peg?•Attribution?•Context?•Background?•So what, or nut graph?

Review: Chapter 3

Hard news, soft news or news feature?Southeast Asia’s five Mekong River countries are

studying a plan to set up an association of rice-exporting nations. Vietnam’s prime minister made the announcement yesterday in Hanoi….

He says these nations are the rice bowl of the Asian region and their exports account for 50 percent of the world market so they have an important role to play in ensuring food security.

Thailand proposed a rice exporters’ cartel last April, as world grain prices reached record levels. It back away from the plan after the Asian Development Bank and rice-importing countries criticized it, saying it would increase hunger and poverty.

Review: Chapter 3

Hard

Lead?Southeast Asia’s five Mekong River countries

are studying a plan to set up an association of rice-exporting nations. Vietnam’s prime minister made the announcement yesterday in Hanoi….

He says these nations are the rice bowl of the Asian region and their exports account for 50 percent of the world market so they have an important role to play in ensuring food security.

Thailand proposed a rice exporters’ cartel last April, as world grain prices reached record levels. It back away from the plan after the Asian Development Bank and rice-importing countries criticized it, saying it would increase hunger and poverty.

Review: Chapter 3

Body?Southeast Asia’s five Mekong River countries

are studying a plan to set up an association of rice-exporting nations. Vietnam’s prime minister made the announcement yesterday in Hanoi….

He says these nations are the rice bowl of the Asian region and their exports account for 50 percent of the world market so they have an important role to play in ensuring food security.

Thailand proposed a rice exporters’ cartel last April, as world grain prices reached record levels. It back away from the plan after the Asian Development Bank and rice-importing countries criticized it, saying it would increase hunger and poverty.

Review: Chapter 3

Inverted pyramid?Southeast Asia’s five Mekong River countries

are studying a plan to set up an association of rice-exporting nations. Vietnam’s prime minister made the announcement yesterday in Hanoi….

He says these nations are the rice bowl of the Asian region and their exports account for 50 percent of the world market so they have an important role to play in ensuring food security.

Thailand proposed a rice exporters’ cartel last April, as world grain prices reached record levels. It back away from the plan after the Asian Development Bank and rice-importing countries criticized it, saying it would increase hunger and poverty.

Review: Chapter 3

News peg?Southeast Asia’s five Mekong River countries

are studying a plan to set up an association of rice-exporting nations. Vietnam’s prime minister made the announcement yesterday in Hanoi….

He says these nations are the rice bowl of the Asian region and their exports account for 50 percent of the world market so they have an important role to play in ensuring food security.

Thailand proposed a rice exporters’ cartel last April, as world grain prices reached record levels. It back away from the plan after the Asian Development Bank and rice-importing countries criticized it, saying it would increase hunger and poverty.

Review: Chapter 3

Attribution?Southeast Asia’s five Mekong River countries

are studying a plan to set up an association of rice-exporting nations. Vietnam’s prime minister made the announcement yesterday in Hanoi….

He says these nations are the rice bowl of the Asian region and their exports account for 50 percent of the world market so they have an important role to play in ensuring food security.

Thailand proposed a rice exporters’ cartel last April, as world grain prices reached record levels. It back away from the plan after the Asian Development Bank and rice-importing countries criticized it, saying it would increase hunger and poverty.

Review: Chapter 3

Context?Southeast Asia’s five Mekong River countries

are studying a plan to set up an association of rice-exporting nations. Vietnam’s prime minister made the announcement yesterday in Hanoi….

He says these nations are the rice bowl of the Asian region and their exports account for 50 percent of the world market so they have an important role to play in ensuring food security.

Thailand proposed a rice exporters’ cartel last April, as world grain prices reached record levels. It back away from the plan after the Asian Development Bank and rice-importing countries criticized it, saying it would increase hunger and poverty.

Review: Chapter 3

Background?Southeast Asia’s five Mekong River countries

are studying a plan to set up an association of rice-exporting nations. Vietnam’s prime minister made the announcement yesterday in Hanoi….

He says these nations are the rice bowl of the Asian region and their exports account for 50 percent of the world market so they have an important role to play in ensuring food security.

Thailand proposed a rice exporters’ cartel last April, as world grain prices reached record levels. It back away from the plan after the Asian Development Bank and rice-importing countries criticized it, saying it would increase hunger and poverty.

Review: Chapter 3

So what, or nut graf?Southeast Asia’s five Mekong River countries

are studying a plan to set up an association of rice-exporting nations. Vietnam’s prime minister made the announcement yesterday in Hanoi….

He says these nations are the rice bowl of the Asian region and their exports account for 50 percent of the world market so they have an important role to play in ensuring food security.

Thailand proposed a rice exporters’ cartel last April, as world grain prices reached record levels. It back away from the plan after the Asian Development Bank and rice-importing countries criticized it, saying it would increase hunger and poverty.

Review: Chapter 3