Basketball Officials Manual - monroeofficials.org€¦ · Basketball Officials Manual For...

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Basketball Officials Manual

For Two-Person and Three-Person Crews

Section 1 - GENERAL INFORMATION

A - UNIFORM – Your uniform should always be clean and neat. It should consist of the following items:

• A black and white V-neck striped shirt that has 1” stripes- the black side panel version of this shirt is acceptable. The MHSAA emblem must be displayed in the left pocket area.

• Black pants. If a belt is worn, it shall be solid black. • Black, shined court shoes. • Black socks. • Fox 40 whistle with black lanyard. • Black warm-up jacket.

B - CONTRACTS – See the MHSAA Officials Guidebook for more information. • Officials in Michigan are considered independent contractors. • You arrange your own schedules either through a school, league or an

assignor. • You should have a contract (written or electronic) for all dates you are to

officiate and these contracts should be completed in advance of all contests. • Contracts should provide you with all of the needed information

� Date, time and location. � Gender and level of competition. � Financial provisions.

• The MHSAA will issue invitations for all tournament assignments.

C - PREPARATION – Preparation and Opportunity = Success• Annually complete the MHSAA basketball rules meeting.• Join a local association and remain a “Member in Good Standing”.• Attend the association meetings and regularly independently study the

rules. Rules knowledge is invaluable but if applied in its strictest sense, this will not lead to successful officiating. Knowing the rules but applying them with a common sense approach will make you a better official

• Learn the required mechanics and proper positioning which is often the main ingredient in making the correct call.

D - CONDUCT AND ETHICS – When you sign up to officiate you are taking an oath to uphold the integrity of the game and to keep the playing court level for both teams. You need to dedicate yourself to this end, while at all times handling yourself in a professional manner.

• Get to your game early (suggested one hour prior to the starting time) – do not be scrambling in at the last minute.

• Be neatly dressed and in the proper uniform (See Uniform Section). • Treat players and coaches like you would like to be treated. • Show poise and self control. • Control your temper – even when coaches and players have not. • Use a common sense approach to your officiating. • Be courteous and considerate – yet be firm and decisive when the situation

calls for it.

• Show courage in tough situations when having to make the tough call.

E - PHYSICAL CONDITION – The players are in their best physical condition – to officiate at the highest level you must also be in good physical condition. Varsity games usually last an hour and a half with the most vital times being the last two minutes of each half. This is the time when your physical conditioning is most needed. If you are tired and perform poorly in these last minute situations, all the good officiating that you have done in the other 28 minutes of game time will be forgotten.

Section 2 - BASIC GUIDELINES

A - GAME CONTROL – You have a better chance at a smooth game if you… • Communicate with players and coaches (keep them informed). • Use preventive officiating (See Preventative Officiating Section). • Eliminate any and all “derogatory comments” between teams.• Have sharp, clear and strong whistles! • Make decisive decisions and maintain good body language.

B - COMMUNICATIONS – In all aspects of the game, communication creates confidence in the crew from all involved. Some tips to remember are….

• Communicate with players both the good things as well as problems. Be especially verbal with players in dead ball situations in keeping the game under control. Work with the captains closely if dealing with problem players.

• Communicate with coaches and do your best to keep them informed. An example - when you are having a problem with a certain player, say to the coach “I am having some problems with #34, could you please help me”. However, do not fraternize with coaches, players or fans at any time before, during or after the game.

• Communicate within your crew constantly! Some of these are…. � Time and situations as we near the end of a period. � Player counts before the ball is put into play following substitutions

or time outs. � Build a good rapport with your table help……timer, scorers, and

announcer. Treat these individuals with respect as they are part of the game administration crew.

C - HANDLING COACHES – You will do well with coaches if you communicate with them and provide answers to reasonable questions. Sometimes this requires your maximum patience. Always look to diffuse situations rather than incite them! Often your best means of communicating is to LISTEN first and respond only to questions from the head coach (assistant coaches may not address officials).

D- General Reminders- the only signals that are to be used are those found in the rule book, case book and officials manual. Never make up your own signals! Officials must understand and only use the approved mechanics! Proper court coverage requires a system of good mechanics to ensure officials will be at the proper place on the court at all times.

Section 3 - GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD OFFICIATING

A- NFHS Basketball Rules Fundamentals The basketball fundamentals are: 1. While the ball remains live, a loose ball always remains in control of the team whose player last had control, unless it is a try or tap for goal. 2. Neither a team nor any player is ever in control during a dead ball, jump ball or throw-in, or when the ball is in flight during a try or tap for goal. 3. A goal is made when a live ball enters the basket from above and remains in or passes through unless canceled by a throw-in violation or a player control foul. 4. The jump ball, the throw-in and the free throw are the only methods of getting a dead ball live. 5. Neither the dribble nor traveling rule operates during the jump ball, throw-in or free throw. 6. It is not possible for a player to travel during a dribble. 7. The only infractions for which points are awarded are goaltending by the defense or basket interference at the opponent’s basket. 8. There are three types of violations, and each has its own penalty. 9. A ball in flight has the same relationship to frontcourt or backcourt, or inbounds or out of bounds, as when it last touched a person or the floor. 10. Personal fouls always involve illegal contact and occur during a live ball, except a common foul by or on an airborne shooter. 11. The penalty for a single flagrant personal or flagrant technical foul is two free throws and disqualification plus awarding the ball to the opponents for a throw-in. 12. Penalties for fouls are administered in the order in which the fouls occurred. 13. A live-ball foul by the offense (team in control or last in control if the ball is loose) or the expiration of time for a quarter or extra period, causes the ball to become dead immediately, unless the ball is in flight during a try or tap for goal. The ball also becomes dead when a player-control foul occurs. 14. The first or only free-throw violation by the offense causes the ball to become dead immediately. 15. A double personal foul involves only personal fouls and only two opponents; no free throws are awarded and the ball is put in play at the point of interruption. A double technical foul involves only technical fouls and only two opponents; no free throws are awarded, and the ball is put in play at the point of interruption. 16. The official’s whistle seldom causes the ball to become dead (it is already dead). 17. “Continuous motion” applies both to tries and taps for field goals and free throws, but it has no significance unless there is a foul by the defense during the interval which begins when the habitual trying or tapping movement starts and ends when the ball is clearly in flight. 18. Whether the clock is running or is stopped has no influence on the counting of a goal. 19. A ball that touches the front face or edges of the backboard is treated the same as touching the floor inbounds, except that, when the ball touches the thrower’s backboard, it does not constitute a part of a dribble. 20. If the ball goes through the basket before or after a player-control foul, the goal shall not be counted.

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T T has side line & entire end line on other side*

C has their sideline

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TLT has division line &

their sidelineL has entire end line

C their sideline

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TLT responsible

for blue area

L has “paint” (green lines) and inside 3-point arc in front of L

C is responsible for red area

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Ball goes OOB anywhere in this area, throw-in is at end line.

Ball goes OOB on sideline, throw-in is from sideline

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VISITOR BENCH HOME BENCH

T has 60% of coverage

Covering official gives INITIAL signal. Covering official signals successful. If Trail signals, Center mirrors. If Center signals, Trail mirrors.

CC has 40% of floor

Lead has responsibility to assist Center and Trail in transition

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Rotation of Officials as Ball Moves From One Side To Another

T1ll will ve from sition 1 to sition 3.

Initial Position

Close down

CEPTIONS: k shot/drive to et PRIMARY ial has P & B

ball keys the rotation. As a guideline and depending on playing n, the Lead should close down and may move laterally to ball side

n the ball penetrates the free throw lane line extended nearest the er. When the Lead rotates the Trail and Center Also rotate positions.

Rotation completed

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ShotLocation

Basic Shot and Rebound Coverage

ail responsible for

ter helps Trail with shots from foul line half circle on ter’s side.

Lail responsible for l shots in foul-line lf circle.

Shot and Rebound Coverage From Lead’s Left Area

WeakSide

PerimeterRebound

Lead has shooter and strong-side rebound.

nter has interference and altending, then weak-e rebound.

has interference and goaltending, then perimeter und.

LLocationStrong side

Shot and Rebound Coverage From Lead’s Right Area

ShotLocationStrong side

PerimeterRebound

Lead has shooter and strong-side rebound.

ail has interference d goaltending, then rimeter rebound.

ter has interference, goaltending and weak-side rebound.

nter has interference, ltending and weak-side ound.

Shot And Rebound Coverage From Trail’s Area

WeakSide

Strong

PerimeterRebound

Lead has strong-side rebound.

Shot Location

Trail has shooter and three point line, then interference, goaltending and perimeter rebound.

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Once in front court L is working outside in

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In this transition, L can go to lane line extended in order to be ready to officiate the play and if need be to rotate across

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Keep congested area covered with wide triangle.

New Trail has 10 second count in backcourt, remain with play action possibility of a quick turnover.

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New Lead positions to observe players in backcourt and assist with play in frontcourt.C

Center and New Trail officiate sector in backcourt.

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FREE THROW LEAD RESPONSIBILITIES

Lead’sArea

Lead official watches opposite lane plus first space table side, then foul and rebound action

FREE THROWS CENTER RESPONSIBILITY

Lead’sArea

Center’sArea

ter official watches top spaces opposite lane , free-throw line and ht of ball. Then fouls rebounding action.

FREE THROW TRAIL RESPONSIBILITIES

Lead’sArea

Center’sArea

official watches all lane ity to assist Lead and Center.

LAST OF SEQUENCEPOSITION

START OFSEQUENCE

Trail official’s position will be approximately 28’ from end line & will watch players in backcourt if necessary.

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Lead has the option of being between thrown-in and basket or between throw-in and the sideline (this depends on ball location – if ball is outside 3-point arc best position MAY be with official inside, provided there is no pressure).

The positioning of Lead S/B based on providing best possible coverage.

The Lead hands the ball to the Thrower when remaining in the Frontcourt.

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TCOld Trail

becomes new Center

Center calls violation

LEAD BOXES IN PLAY, MOVES TO TRAIL’S SIDE.

New Trail administers hrow-in & should ounce the ball to the hrower.

Center becomes new Trail

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TCo new Center,

Center calls OOB violation sideline opposite Table.

Center moves to Backcourt & becomes new Trail to administer Throw-in.

Lead boxes in the play.

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TC60SEC

60-SEC. INTERMISSION

30-second time outs – both officials at time of key

60-second time outs – officials are at the blocks at F/T lane

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FOUL REPORTING

When the calling official has to report a foul, they will come to this area to report foul.

Officials must NOT be moving while making contact with table.

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icial de

•Previous tableside official “switches” spots with calling official

Lead calls foul

LLREPORTSFOULGOES TO

rail goes to baseline as ead and administers

hrow-in

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Center maintains position

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REPORTSFOULGOES TO

Center becomes Trail after reporting foul.

CENTER CALLS FOUL.

Lead remains as Lead on Table side.

Trail becomes Center

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REPORTSFOULGOES TOCENTER

alls & reports foul. ble side as Center. s opposite and remains Trail.

witches” to Lead on Ball Side.

CENTER

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REPORTSFOULGOES TOTRAIL

Center calls and reports foul . Stays Table side as Trail. Trail goes opposite and becomes Center. Lead maintains Lead and administers free throw(s).

CENTER CALLS FOUL.

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REPORTSFOULSTAYS AS TRAIL

IL CALLS FOUL, REPORTS & STAYS TABLE SIDE AS TRAIL. TER AND LEAD MAINITAIN THEIR POSITION WITH LEAD

MINSTERING THE FREE THROW.

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REPORTSFOUL

LEAD CALLS AND REPORTS FOUL, GOES BACK TO ADMINISTER THROW IN AND BECOMES NEW TRAIL. CENTER REMAINS CENTER TRAIL BECOMES NEW LEAD.

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REPORTSFOUL

Lead calls & reports foul and becomes new Trail.

Center remains Center opposite the Table.

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Trail calls and reports foul, Goes to new Lead. Center remains Center. Lead becomes new Trail and administers throw-in

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Trail calls and reports foul, Trail remains Table side as new Trail Center goes to new Lead and administers the Free throw. Lead moves to new Center.

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REPORTSFOUL

Center calls & reports foul and becomes new Lead Trail becomes new Center Lead becomes new Trail and administers throw-in

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REPORTSFOUL

Center calls & reports foul and becomes new Trail. Trail becomes new Lead & administers free throw. Lead becomes new Center.

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Credits

IHSA (Illinois HighIHSA (Illinois High School Association

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Table HOME BENCHVISITOR BENCH

Home Team Visiting Team

1. Each official shall be approximately 28 feet from nearest End Line.

2. R - Confer with Timer at 12 minute mark

3. R – discussion with Scorer re: substitutes, numbering & other game administration items

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Lpossession of the ball into a teams the umpire shall go

all and become the cial

VISITOR BENCH HOME BENCH

The referee faces the table. The umpire takes a position near the division line and boundary line.

cial. e will become the ial.

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T The Trail is off-ball and officiating action in the shaded area.

ad has on-ball e.

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T The Trail has on-ball coverage.

ad has off-ball ciating action red” area.

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TTrail has on-ball coverage officiating the high action lined area.

The Lead is off-ball and must help with off-ball coverage by extending to the other side of the key because the ball is up high.

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Trail official positions to r the significant action he ball.

The Lead moves to a position to get the 3-point line covered when the ball is in the area.

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Trail has the ball.

The Lead works the Key for good coverage off the ball.

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LEAD PRIMARYCOVERAGE

The coverage area for the ball-side lead is now extended to the area between the 3-point arc and the closest lane line below the F/T line extended. It is important to note that the extended coverage only applies when the lead moves ball-side. If the Lead stays opposite the floor is balanced.

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When teams go to a spread or delay officials MUST go to new positions on floor

COVERAGE FOR THE “DELAY” OR “FOUR CORNER” OFFENSE.

Lead & Trail are in proper position for a normal frontcourt offense

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T2 Responsibilities for L2 & T2 mirror L1 & T1, just flipped

For the administration of the Throw-in in the Frontcourt, the Lead official will be responsible for the entire end line and the nearer sideline.

The Trail official is responsible for their entire nearer sideline and division line.

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Tpot for the throw-ween the free-d and the end ains on the end ce the ball to the

The same procedure is used on the opposite sideline.

OFRONT COURT

Lead Officials administers the throw-in on the sideline that they are responsible for.

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FRONTCOURT

Same procedure is used on the opposite side.

Lead Official administers the throw-in for which they are responsible.

The original Trail becomes new Lead.

If the designated spot for the throw-in is more than half-way between the baseline and the free-throw line extended, the Lead official administering the throw-in will now become the new Trail.

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TEAM BENCHTEAM BENCHTo ball

Frontcourt

Trail Official administers ALL throw-ins in the backcourt.

holds the ball until the Lead Official is down court and across so that the end line and the division line can be adequately covered. This

ity for the Trail Official to use the bounce pass for the Throw-in.

Out of Bounds above free-throw line extended.

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Ball goes OOB anywhere in this area, throw-in is at end line.

Ball goes OOB on sideline, throw-in is from sideline

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Ball goes OOB on this side of paint extended, do NOT bring ball back. L to switch.

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After a Technical Foul, 2nd, 3rd & 4th quarter, the Throw-in shall be administered at the Division Line on the side court opposite the Table

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FOUL REPORTING

al all

Foul is called, calling official must come to a COMPLETE stop prior to table communication

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FOUL CALLED

Foul called by Lead.

FREEZE FIELD OF VISION

Trail “freezes” field of vision so Lead can proceed to table

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FOUL CALLED

Observes all players

Trail observes ALL players

Lead Official that called foul moves near the play and informs players.

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REPORT THE FOUL

Lead Official goes around all players to report the foul to the bench.

OBSERVES ALLPLAYERS

Trail official continues to observe all players.

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OBSERVE BOTHBENCHES

While reporting the foul to table, the calling Official observes both benches while moving to reporting position.

LEAD MOVES TO REPORTING POSITION

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Old Lead Official reports the foul to table.

Trail official continues to observe all players.

TOld Lead becomes new Trail & continues to observe players.

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When the ball is NOT going to be rebounded* after the shot, the Lead is one step off the end line and one step past the lane line extended.

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When the ball is going to be played after the shot, the Lead is 5 – 6 feet off the end line and 3 -4 feet past the lane line towards the sideline.

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TRAIL is one or two steps beyond the Free Throw line and 2/3rd’s between the free throw lane line and the sideline for all free throws.

TTRAIL counts with table side hand and raises table side hand on last shot.

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TRAIL OFFICIAL Watches top 2 spaces on opposite lane line, free throw & flight of the ball, then concentrates on fouls and rebounding action.

AL Watches e plus first the

fouls and on.

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Administering official will stand where play will be resumed.

NEW 2007 –change in timeout and intermission positions.

Non-administering official will stand, facing the table, on the division line on the circle furthest from table for a 60-second timeout.

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Administering official will stand where play will be resumed.

NEW 2007 – change in timeout and intermission positions.

Non-administering official will stand, facing the table, on the division line on the circle nearest the table for a 30-second timeout.

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T The Trail Official must work hard to cover the 3-point try from this area.

SHOOTER

The Lead Official is well off the end line and focuses on the area off the ball (extended across the key).

The Lead Official is also responsible for the shooter in the area below the free throw line extended.

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