Bell WorkWednesday 4/17

Look in your book beginning on page 867

to find the answers

• 1. How did WWI help bring about the Russian Revolution?

• 2. What groups made up the Red Army and the White Army?

• 3. Why did the Bolsheviks rename their party the Communist Party?

Revolution and Nationalism

Chapter 30Sections 1 and 2

Section 1-Revolutions in Russia

Czars Resist Change

• Alexander III-– Imposed harsh measures on Russian

citizens which included• Censorship on written documents and

published materials

• Secret police sent to watch schools– Teachers had to send detailed reports on each

student

• Sent political prisoners to Siberia

• Made Russian the official language

• Made Jews the source of persecution

Russia Industrializes• Rapid industrialization changed

the face of Russia’s economy – The number of factories doubled

between 1863 and 1900

– By 1900 Russia was the 4th largest steel producing country

• The Trans-Siberian Railway-Located in Russia it’s considered the worlds longest continuous rail line

Russia Industrializes• The Revolutionary Movement

Grows-– Proletariat-Revolutionary term

meaning that the “workers would rule the country”• Marxist revolutionaries believed that the

industrial class could overthrow the Russian government

– 1903-Marxists split into groups • Mensheviks-Moderate group of Marxists

• Bolsheviks-Radical group willing to give everything for change

Crises at Home and Abroad

• “Bloody Sunday”: The Revolution of 1905-– Jan 22nd, 1905 200,000 workers and

their families approached the Czar’s winter palace • They had a petition asking for:

– Better working conditions, more political freedoms and elected national legislature

• Soldiers fired upon the crowd killing about a thousand and injuring hundreds

The March Revolution

• Soviets-Local councils consisting of workers, peasants and soldiers who held more political power in some cities than the actual provisional government.

The Bolshevik Revolution

• Civil War Rages in Russia-1918-1920– The Bolsheviks faced the challenge of

defeating their enemies at home

– Red Army vs. White Army • Red Army-Made up of the Bolsheviks and

Lenin’s supporters

• White Army-Made up of different groups who either wanted to return to rule under the czar, form a democratic government or just simply hated Lenin’s policies

The Bolshevik Revolution

• Effects of the Russian Civil War-– Nearly 14 million Russians

died from the war and famine

– The Red Army defeated all it’s opponents

– Russia became a state-controlled society

Lenin Restores Order• Lenin’s New Economic Policies-– New Economic Policy (NEP)-• Small-scale version of capitalism –Allowed peasants to sell their

surplus goods instead of giving them to the gov.

• The gov. kept control of major industries, banks and communication but allowed small businesses and farms operate under private ownership

• Communist Party-The Bolsheviks renamed their party this after becoming inspired by the writings of Karl Marx

Lenin on Display

Stalin Becomes Dictator

• Joseph Stalin-– Gained complete control of

the Communist Party by 1928• Described as a cold, hard, and

impersonal.• Took the name Stalin which

means “Man of Steel”

– Stalin removed everyone he saw as a threat to his power including Leon Trotsky who was exiled in 1929

Chapter 30 Section 1 Terms

Bell WorkThursday 4/18

Look in your book beginning on page 874

to find the answers

• 1. What are the key traits of a totalitarian state?

• 2. What are some ways totalitarian rulers keep their power

• 3. How did the Soviet economy change under Stalin?

Section 2-Totalilarianism

A Government of Total Control

• Totalitarianism- Describes a government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life– To achieve this control leaders

often use terror, indoctrination, propaganda, censorship, and religious/ethnic persecution

Stalin Builds a Totalitarian State• Police State-– Stalin used a police state to maintain his power

• They used tanks and armored cars to stop riots, tapped phone lines, read mail, and encouraged kids to tell the gov. if their parents made disloyal remarks

• Great Purge- A campaign of terror designed to eliminate anyone who threatened Stalin’s power – Historians estimate Stalin killed

8 to 13 million people during the Great Purge

Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy

• Command Economy-A system where the gov. made all the economic decisions

• Five Year Plans-– Stalin’s plans for the development of

the Soviet Union’s Economy • Set impossibly high goals for steel, coal,

oil and electricity production – Limited production of consumer goods to

achieve this

Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy

• An Agricultural Revolution-– Collective Farms-Large government

owned farms which produced food for the state• 1928 the gov. confiscated nearly 25

million privately owned farms

• 5 to 10 million people died as a result of protests or persecution

• By 1938 90% of all Russian peasants lived on collective farms

Daily Life Under Stalin• The Good:– Soviet society saw:

• Women’s roles expand

• People becoming better educated

• People mastered new technical skills

• The Bad:– Soviet society saw:

• Personal freedoms limited

• Consumer goods in short supply

• Dissent (complaining) was prohibited

Daily Life Under Stalin

• Women achieved equal rights and saw social advances under Stalin’s Five-Year Plans.– By 1950 women made up

75% of the doctors in the Soviet Union • However they were also

expected to take care of the home and raise loyal Soviet citizens

Chapter 30 Section 2 Terms

Bell WorkFriday 4/19

Look in your book beginning on page 867

to find the answers

• 1. Why did Stalin force Trotsky into exile? (Sec 1)

• 2. Why did Stalin limit the production of consumer goods? (Sec 2)

• 3. Why wouldn’t people be excited about living on a collective farm? (Sec 2)

Chapter 30 Section 1-2 Quiz Review

Chapter 30 Section 1-2 Quiz Review

Chapter 30 Section 1-2 Quiz Review

Chapter 30 Section 1-2 Quiz Review

Chapter 30 Section 1-2 Quiz Review

Chapter 30 Section 1-2 Quiz Review