Post on 17-Jan-2016
transcript
Bellringer: 10/22 and 10/23
Using your notes from last class, name as many advancements of the Mauryan and Gupta Empires in classical India as possible.
Talk with your neighbors quietly about your answers.
Table of Contents Update:
Page 38: Classical China NotesPage 39: Unit 3 Study Guide
Agenda: 10/22 and 10/23
1. Bellringer2. Notes: Classical China3. Study Guide Review (Block 3)4. Squares Game (Blocks 5 & 8)
Classical China:Qin, Han Dynasties and Chinese Philosophies
Ms. Allen
2015-16
Pre-AP WHI
1. The dynastic cycle and the Mandate of Heaven
1. New family establishes dynasty (new institutions, economy)
2. Dynasty grows weak
3. Internal rebellions and/or external rebellions4. New dynasty emerges
Mandate of Heaven
Belief that the gods transfer power to a certain family meant to establish a dynasty and rule the region How is the mandate lost?
Emperors were Sons of Heaven
Timeline of Classical China
Shang: 1766 - 1122 BCEZhou: 1029 - 258 BCEEra of Warring States: 402 BCE - 201 BCEQin: 221 - 202 BCEHan: 202 BCE - 220 CE
Timeline of Classical China
Shang: 1766 - 1122 BCEZhou: 1029 - 258 BCEEra of Warring States: 402 BCE - 201 BCEQin: 221 - 202 BCEHan: 202 BCE - 220 CE
2. Period of Warring States402 BCE - 201 BCE
Competing interests of landowning class and ruling class cause political turmoil
Landowners raise own military - origins of regional warlords
No political unity - China is exceptionally weak
Cultural innovations survive Results in new philosophies
3. Qin Dynasty: Main Ideas
Emerges out of Period of Warring States Promotes Legalism Great Wall Founder: Shi Huangdi (“First Emperor”) Goals:
Unify and expand China Restore order
9. Han Dynasty: Main Ideas
One of the golden ages of Chinese civilization
Promotes tradition (ancestor worship, respecting elders)
Many advancements made in technology and innovation
Confucianism over Legalism
Dynasties in China
Qin Dynasty
4. Qin:Geography
4. Qin: Religion
Remains polytheistic Religion = less important under Qin than Han
Reduces influence of ancestor worship
Qin : Achievements/Culture
Confucianism looked down upon and followers persecuted
Legalism promoted Architectural: Initiates construction of Great
Wall; Terracotta Soldiers/Tomb of Shi Huangdi Uniform written language Banned books
Way to consolidate power
5. Qin: Political Emperor had complete control over all aspects
of society Civil service exams, not social class,
determine your job in the government Bureaucratic gov’t
Power of nobles reduced Expansion-minded
Army crush rivals and regional rebellions Took land in Hong Kong, Vietnam
8. Qin: Economics Introduced standard weights and measures Eliminated the very rare practice of slavery Forced labor necessary for construction projects Extremely high taxes Sponsored agricultural projects (irrigation) and
manufacturing of silk
4. Qin: Social
Primogeniture eliminated (practice of having eldest son inherit all property and land) Less emphasis placed on social class under
Qin dynasty Nobles must live in Emperor’s court
Not allowed to live on ancestral, inherited land “Keep your friends close and your enemies
closer”
Why did the Qin Dynasty fall?
Shi Huangdi Extremely paranoid; killed off suspected enemies (nobles,
intellectuals, warlords) Desire to control EVERYTHING
High taxes, forced labor = people Shi Huangdi dies in 210 BCE; followed by 8 years of
peasant revolts to determine successor - winner establishes Han Dynasty
Dynasties in China
Han Dynasty
4. Han: Geography
10. Han: ReligionEmphasized ancestor worship, traditional
religionPolytheistic
13. Han: Achievements
Emphasis on filial piety (respecting one’s elders, family)
Direct trade with Rome Massive achievements in science,
technology, medicine, and arts Inventions include paper, plows,
harness/collar, pulleys, wheelbarrow
11. Han: Political Centralized government Expanded territory (into Korea, Indochina, parts
of Central Asia) Bureaucratic structure linked to
Confucianism More emphasis on social standing than in Qin
dynasty Civil service exams + social standing = your civil
service position in the government
14. Han: Economics Trade and agriculture dominated the Han
economy Using coins made of copper as currency
Trade along the Silk Road strengthened Nationalization of salt, iron industries Growth in national and local
businesses and industries
10. Han: SocialSocial stratification exists
Landed gentry (nobles), educated bureaucrats, skilled workers, farmers, peasants
More social mobility than in India Poor people = could move up by passing civil service exam
– not easy to do thoughPatriarchal societyBrings back primogeniture (everything goes through
the first-born son)
Rise of Chinese Philosophies
ConfucianismDaoism/TaoismLegalism
ConfucianismFive Basic Relationships in Society
Ruler/Subject Father/Son Husband/Wife Older Brother/Younger Brother Friend/Friend
Chinese gentleman - education and moral standards; birth status not important
Bureaucracy - those who help run government Courteous, precise, generous, just/fair
Confucianism
Founder: Confucius (K’ung Fu Tzu) Lives during Period
of Warring States Scholar - history,
music, ethics Main Writing: The
Analects Promoted by
followers - Mencius
Daoism/TaoismFounded by Lao Tze (604-531 BCE)Main Writing: Tao-te-Ching (The Way of Virtue)Human actions are not importantSearch for knowledge and understanding of
natureMost important part of society is natural order
of things (natural forces, yin/yang) The Tao (The Way) – guides all things
Legalism
Practical, political reaction to Confucianism Founder: Han Feizi - 3rd century BCE
Main idea: Powerful and efficient government is key to restoring order
Laws will end civil war and restore harmony Rewards to good subjects and punish disobedient Rulers must control ideas and actions of people Favored by Shi Huangdi during Qin dyansty