Bellringer

A violation of civil rights that occurred in the United States during World War II was the

A.arrests made as a result of the Palmer raidsB.passage of an open immigration lawC.internment of Japanese AmericansD.forced removal of Native American Indians from their reservations

Learning Targets U8T14 - I can describe the causes and

consequences of the Holocaust. U8T15 – I can explain America’s reaction to

the Holocaust and other war crimes. U8T16 – I can explain the results of the

Nuremburg Trials

Crimes of WWII 1. Crimes Against Peace

Planning, preparing or initiating a war of aggression.

2. War Crimes This meant breaking the rules of war. It included killing

prisoners or war and destroying homes and property

3. Crimes Against Humanity The murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and

other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population before or during the war.

Think-Pair-Share What crimes against peace have we

already discussed during this unit?

The Holocaust The State sponsored, systematic

persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1933 and 1945.

“Final Solution” : name given to the plan to exterminate the Jewish population

The Victims It is true that not all victims were Jews, but all Jews were victims.- Elie Wiesel, 1995

Jews Political Opponents Habitual Criminals Handicapped Homosexuals Jehovah’s Witnesses Roma (Gypsies)

Poles Freemasons Immigrants Soviet P.O.W.’s

American P.O.W.’s African-Germans

Conditions of camps Three different types of

camps: Labor Camps Extermination Camps Transit Camps

Victims in camps suffered from: Starvation Exhaustion Brutality Executions

Jewish Losses The estimated number

of Jewish fatalities during the Holocaust is usually given between 5.1 and 6 million victims. The true number will never be known.

Poland 88% 2,900,000Soviet Union 33% 1,000,000

Hungary 70% 550,000Romania 35% 271,000Lithuania 90% 140,000Germany 27% 134,500

Netherlands 75% 100,000Bohemia & Moravia 84% 78,150

France 24% 77,320Latvia 75% 70,000

Slovakia 76% 68,000Greece 80% 60,000

Yugoslavia 72% 56,200Austria 27% 50,000

Belgium 44% 28,900Italy 20% 7,680

Luxembourg 50% 1,950Estonia 33% 1,500Norway 55% 762

Denmark 1.3% 60Finland 2.8% 7Albania 0 0

Bulgaria 0 0Spain 0 0

Sweden 0 0Switzerland 0 0

Holocaust Images

America’s Early Response During the War Read about the Evian Conference and

answer the first 2 questions under “Allies first response”

Read the article about the St. Louis and answer the last 2 questions under “Allies first response”

Americas Second Response- The Nuremburg TrialsNov. 20, 1945 – Oct. 1, 1946

Who will be held accountable? Can leaders of nations be held responsible?

Nuremburg Trials: The International Military Tribunal (court of justice) of 1946, convened by the U.S., British, French and Soviets, which convicted the major Nazi leaders who survived World War II

Who Should Be Tried? The first job facing the court at Nuremberg

was to decide who should be tried. 24 Nazi’s were indicted (Hitler and some

other leading officers committed suicide before the trials began)

21 stood trial 18 convicted

Nuremberg Impact First time to hold national leaders

accountable for their crimes against humanity

The details of what the Nazi’s had done became vivid to the rest of the world

Nazis were imprisoned or executed for their involvement in the Holocaust

Japan’s Crimes of War ShangHai Invasion: In 1938, Japan invaded

ShangHai bombing the entire city and killing thousands of innocent civilians

Nanjing Massacre: in 1939, Japan invaded the capital city of China, Nanjing. Soldier killed 30,000 men and children, 20,000 women were raped and brutally murdered.

America’s Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb Manhattan Project: a

secret military project created in 1942 to produce the first US nuclear weapon

When the leading scientists saw the first bomb drop he said “Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds."

What should America DO? VE Day

Tuesday 8 May 1945 was 'Victory in Europe' (VE) Day, and it marked the formal end of Hitler's war.

War on the Pacific Front Continued with high causalities on both sides…no victory was in the near future

A Decision is Made August 6, 1945 atomic

bomb is dropped Hiroshima, Japan.

On August 9th, 1945 atom bomb is dropped on Nagasaki.

Dropping the Atomic bomb: victimization or triumph? The dropping of the atom bomb on Japan is

remembered in two different ways. Read the Historical Narratives. Partner A/B – you are looking for facts that

support the victimization argument Partners A/B – you are looking for facts that

support the triumph argument Record facts on your handout

Victimization Evidence Triumph Evidence

Reasons for dropping the A-Bomb1. Potsdam Declaration, U.S. asks Japan to surrender. Japan

believed “unconditional surrender” was not tolerable.

2. Americans were suffering many casualties and the Japanese were showing no signs of possible negotiation.

3. A cease fire was non-negotiable.

4. If the United States dropped the atomic bomb, surrender and peace would probably occur.

Hiroshima, Japan The atomic bomb that exploded over

Hiroshima killed civilian women and children in addition to soldiers.

Hiroshima's population has been estimated at 350,000; approximately 70,000 died immediately from the explosion and another 70,000 died from radiation within five years.

End of WWII VJ Day (Victory in

Japan Day) August 14th, 1945

The worst war in history is officially over

Think-Pair-Share Discussion The dropping of the atomic bomb was not

considered a war crime in 1945 Should the dropping of the atomic bomb be

considered a crime against humanity? Prove your argument with at least 3 pieces of evidence.

Exit Slip Improve answers on Pre-Assessment to

reach mastery “3”