Bibliography

Works of Fiction

Achebe, Chinua, A Man of the People (London: Heinemann, 1966). --, No Longer at Ease (London: Heinemann, 1963). Aidoo, Ama Ata, 'The Late Bud' and 'The Two Sisters' in No

Sweetness Here (London: Longman Green, 1970). Aluko, T. M., Chiif the Honourable Minister (London: Heinemann,

1970) . Aniebo, I. N. C., The Journey Within (London: Heinemann, 1974)· Bebey, Francis, The Ashanti Doll, trans. Joyce A. Hutchinson

(London: Heinemann, 1978). Chalilu, Bernard P, The Herdsman's Daughter (Nairobi: East African

Publishing House, 1974)' Dipoko, Mbella Sonne, Because of Women (London: Heinemann,

1969) . Djoleto, Amu, Money Galore (London: Heinemann, 1975)' Easmon, Raymond, The Burnt-Out Marriage (London: Nelson,

1967) . Ekwensi, Cyprian, People of the City (London: Dakers, 1954). --,lska (London: Hutchinson, 1966). --, 'Lokotown' in Lokotown, and Other Stories (London:

Heinemann, 1966). --, Beautiful Feathers (London: Heinemann, 1971). --, Jagua Nana (London: Heinemann, 1975)' --, Survive the Peace (London: Heinemann, 1976). Emecheta, Buchi, Second Class Citizen (London: Alison & Busby,

1974) . Farah, Nuruddin, From a Crooked Rib (London: Heinemann, 1970). Ike, Chukwuemeka, Sunset at Dawn (London: Harvill, 1976). --, Toadsfor Supper (London: Fontana, 1970). Kahiga, Samuel, The Girlfrom Abroad (London: Heinemann, 1974). Mwangi, Meja, Going Down River Road (London: Heinemann,

1976).

159

160 The Sociology if Urban Women's Image in African Literature

Ngugi, James, A Grain if Wheat (London: Heinemann, 1968). Ngugi wa Thiong'o, 'And the Rains came down' and 'Minutes of

Glory' and 'The Mubenzi Tribesman' in Secret Lives (London: Heinemann, 1975).

--, Petals of Blood (London: Heinemann, 1977). Nicol, Abioseh, 'The Truly Married Woman' in The Truly Married

Woman and Other Stories (London: Oxford University Press, 1965). Njau, Rebeka, Ripples in the Pool (London: Heinemann, 1978). Nwankwo, Nkem, My Mercedes is Bigger than Yours (London:

Heinemann, 1975). Nwapa, Flora, Efuru (London: Heinemann, 1966). Ogot, Grace, 'Elizabeth' and 'The White Veil' in Land without

Thunder (Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1968). --, 'The Honourable Minister' and 'The Other Woman' in The

Other Woman (Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1976). Okpewho, Isidore, The Victims (London: Longman Green, 1970). Ousmane, Sembene, God's Bits if Wood, trans. Clive Wake (London:

Heinemann, 1976). --, Xala, trans. Clive Wake (London: Heinemann, 1976). Oyono, Ferdinand, Houseboy (London: Heinemann, 1966). p'Bitek, Okot, Song if Lawino (Nairobi: East African Publishing

House, 1966). Rubadiri, David, No Bride Price (Nairobi: East African Publishing

House, 1967). Ruheni, Mwangi, The Minister's Daughter (London: Heinemann,

1975)· Selormey, Francis, The Narrow path (London: Heinemann, 1967). Soyinka, Wole, Kongi's Harvest (Ibadan: Ibadan University Press,

1967) . --, The Interpreters (London: Andre Deutsch, 1972). Zeleza, Paul, 'The Married Woman' in Night if Darkness (Lilongwe:

Popular Publications in co-operation with Likuni Press, 1976).

Other Works

Calder, Jenni, Women and Marriage in Victorian Fiction (London: Thames and Hudson, 1976).

Dinan, Carmel, 'Pragmatists or Feminists? The Professional Single Woman of Accra, Ghana' in Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines, 65, XVII (I), 1977.

Bibliography 161

Edwards, Paul, Equiano's Travels (ed) Paul Edwards (London: Heinemann, 1969).

Ha£kin, Nancy and Bay, Edna G. (eds) Women in Africa. Studies in Social and Economic Change (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1976).

Harrell-Bond, Barbara, Modern Marriage in Sierra Leone (The Hague: Moonton, 1975).

jellicoe, Marguerite, 'Women's Groups in Sierra Leone', African Women (London: London University Institute of Education I, NO.2, 1955).

La Fontaine,jean, 'The Free Women of Kinshasa: Prostitution in a City in Zaire', inj. Davis, (ed) Choice and Change: Essays in Honour if Lucy Mair (London: Athlone Press, 1974)·

Little, Kenneth, African Women in Towns (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974).

--, 'A Question of Matrimonial Strategy? A Comparison of Attitudes between Ghanaian and British University Students', Journal if Comparative Family Studies, VII, NO.1, 1976.

Mutiso, G.-C. M. Socio-Political Thought in African Literature, Weast? (London: Macmillan, 1974).

Obiechina, E. Culture, Tradition and Society in the West African Novel (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975).

Oppong, Christine, Marriage among a Matrilineal Elite (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974).

Southall, A. W. and Gutkind, Peter, Townsmen in the Making (Kampala: East African Institute of Social Research, 1957).

Thompson, Patricia, The Victorian Heroine (London: Oxford University Press, 1956).

Index Achebe, Chinua,

appeal of, to Western and African audiences, 5-6; Arrow of God: 5; ideology of, 4;

A Man of the People: Akilo, Mrs Agnes, 13, 12 I, 124;

Edna, 29-30; Elsie, 13, 12-1, 125; Eunice, 106, 107, 147, 151; John, Mrs Eleanor, 101, 146; Koko, Chief, 106, 107; Koko, Mrs, 106, 146; Max, 107, 150; Nanga, 13, 29-30, 101, 124, 125, 155; Nanga, Mrs, 29-30, 128, 156; Odili, 13,30, 107, 125

No Longer at Ease: Clara, 10-11, 121, 122; moral di­

lemma in, 5-6,10-1 1,122; Obi, 6, 10-1 I, 122

popularity of, ix,S; realism of, 6; satire of, 6, 107; Things Fall Apart: 5

Achola, 24-5, 12 I, 122 Adah, 40-3, 133-4, 151, 156, 157 Aduke, 11-12, 121, 122, 149 African literature,

as source material, problems of using, 3-7; audience for, ix, 5--6, 154; centred on traditional village life,S; eighteenth century, ix; image of women in, see image; importance for everyday life, ix, 152-3; markets for, ix, 4-5; role­categories derived from, 7, 8; sociological information glea­ned from, ix-x, 7, 8, 153-7; volume of, ix; Western models used in, 4; see also authors, characterisation

Aidoo, Ama Ata, The Late Bud':

Maami, 74-5, 138; Yaaba, 74-5, 138

The Two Sisters': Mensar-Arthur, 13-14, 124-5;

Mercy, 13-14, 121, 124-5, 150; the taxi-driver, 14, 125

Akilo, Mrs Agnes, 13, 12 I, 124 Aluko, To Mo,

Chiif the Honourable .'Ilinister: Alade Moses, 9, 10, 28, 102, I 17,

123-4; Bose, 9, 28, 29, 127-8, 156; Franco-John, 101-2, 146; Gloria, 9-10, II, 28, "7, 121, 123-4, Lola, I 17; the mistress, 101-2, 146

Amadi's mother, 69-70, 138 Aniebo, I. No Co,

The Journey Within: Christian, 30, 3 I, 32-5, 129-30,

155; Ejiaka, 30-2, 33, 35, 128, 129,130, 156;Janet, 30, 31, 32-5, 129-30, 150, 155, 156-7; Madame Obbo, 31-2, 81-2, 128, 140; Nelson, 30-2, 35, 81, 82, 128, 130

anthropology, case-studies in, ix, 7; interest in status

of women, I; participant obser­vation in, 2; role of informant in, 2-3; value ofliterature for, ix-x

authors, Achebe's view of mission and duty of,

4; artistic and creative abilities of, 1-2,3,4; as informants, 2-3, 152-3; credibility of, 2, 7, 152-3; economic motives of, 4-5,

Index

authors (eontd.) I SS; female reactions to male, 2; lbo, ix; ideological motives of, 4; interpretation of motives of, 3-4, 6-7; lack of experience of, 4; need for female, I S8; personal motives of, 4-S; related to con­temporary scene, 1-2, 4; status of African, 4-S; writing for African audience, S

Beatrice, Ekwensi's, 36-7, 61-2, 13S--{), 139, lSI

Beatrice, Ngugi's, 89--g0, 143, lSI, IS6 Bebey, Francis,

The Ashanti Doll: Edna, IIO-I1, ISI;Mom, I10-I1,

148; Spio, I I I bibliography, IS9-61 Bose, 9, 28, 29, 127-8, IS6 Britain,

market for African literature in, S; social life in Victorian, I, I S3-4, IS7

business women, absence of, IS4, IS7

Calder, Jenni, I, 161 carls),

as status symbol, 14; as the man, 14; 'free' women's attraction for, 61,64, 136; given to good-time girl, 20; good-time girls' attrac­tion for, 14, 12S; wives' attrac­tion for, 48

case-studies, based on urbanisation, 2, 8; from

literature, ix-x, 7-8; in anthro­pology, ix, 7

Chahilu, Bernard P., The Herdsman's Daughter:

Embenzi, I16-q; Lusala, I16, I I 7; Mahagama, II 6-I 7

characterisation of African women, as case-studies, 7-8; authenticity of,

2, 7, IS2-3; conclusions on, 149-S8; consideration of, 12 1-48; distortion of, 4, 6-7; feminist reaction to, 2; influence of, 2, 7; interpretation of, 7,8; of court-

esans, 76-89, 138-44; of 'free' women, S3-67, 134-7; of girl­friends, 7, 9-13, IS-19, 24-S, 121-4; of good-time girls, 7, 13-IS, 16, 19-24, 2S-7, 121-2, 124-7; of mothers, 68-7S, 137-8; of 'political' women, 9S-109, 144-8; of prostitutes, 89--g4, 142-4; of wives, 28-S2, 127-34; of workers, 109-20, 148; over­drawn, sociological significance of, 7; role-categories derived from, 8; selection of, based on urbanisation, 2,8; 'true to life', 7, IS2-3

Chini, 12-13, 18,29, 121, 124 Clara, 10-1 I, 121, 122 corruption, urban, 4, 6 courtesans,

accomplishments of, 82, 144; age of, lSI; authority of, 82; bar-maid employment of, 83, 84, 140; business interests of, 76, 77, 78, 8S, 86-7; characterisation of, 76-8 I, 138-44;

characters portraying, Jagua Nana, 76-81, 139-40, lSI,

ISS; Madam Obbo, 31-2,81-2, 128, 140; Simi, 87--g, 142; Wanja, 82-7,140-2, lSI, IS6;

conclusions on, lSI; coquetry of, 76, 83,14°, lSI; defined, 76, 138-9; distinguished from prostitutes, 138; emancipation and freedom ideal of, 67, 79, 80, I S I; gen­erous aspects of, 78, 88, 139; impersonal attitude to men, 78, 88; independence of, 78-9, 139-40, lSI, IS2; intellectual quali­ties of, 88--g, 141, 142; leader­ship quality of, 141; maintain­ing standards, 8 I, 140;. night­club life and, 77,80,87,88,139; personal appearance, interest in, 76, 80, 81-2, 140, lSI; per­sonality, dual, 140-2; per­sonality, strength of, 78-80, 8 I, 82, 88, 139-40, I S I; power to arouse male passions, 79, 8S-6,

Index

87, 138, 140, 141; powers of seduction, 82, 83, 84, 138, 140; pregnancy of, 77, 83, 140-1, 142; professional pride of, 140; proficiency in love-making, 138-9; providing sexual satis­faction, 82, 138, 155; relation between freedom and urban characterisation, 67; resorting to prostitution, 84, 139; revenge as motive, 83-4, 85-6, 87, 140 -

2; role-category of, 7, 76- 89; rural-urban dilemma, 83-5, 140-1; sexual elegance and style, 79-80, 140; sexual ser­vices, 76, 79, 138, 149; social ambition of, 76, 84, 141; so­ciological study of, 153; streak of masculinity in, 141, 152; system of values of, 79, 86, 139, 140; urban milieu, attraction of, 76, 79, 82, 83, 140; worldly ex­perience of, 82, 140

degradation, urban, 4, 79 depiction, 2-3, 6-7,

see characterisation 'development', I

Dieynaba, 98, 144 Dinan, Carmel, 153, 161 Dipoko, Mbella Sonne,

Because of Women: Ekema, 56, 57, 135; Ewedu, 55-8,

134-5, 137, 155; Ngoso, 56-7, 135, 155; Njale, 56, 57

Djeloto, Amu, .'IJ oney Galore:

Kafu, 102-3, 110, 146-7,' 155; Lartey, 102; Mercy Mensah, 103-4; Odofo Lamptey, Madam, 102-4, 109, 146-7, 155; Salimatu, 102-4, 109-10, 146-7, 155; Vida, 109

dress, of courtesans, 76, 80, 81-2; of girl­

friends, 9; of good-time girls, 13, 16, 20, 149

Easmon, Raymond,

The Burnt-out Marriage: Damba, 45; Francis Briwa, 44, 45,

46-7, 48-9, 131; Kandeh, 47, 48, 49, 13 I; Mah Mahtah, 46, 47,48,131; Mah Mahtoe, 44-5, 48, [30-[, [32; MakallaY,44-9, [30- 1, [32, 150

Ebla, 58-60, 66, 135 economic,

affairs, women's participation in, [52; motives of authors, 4-5, 155

Edna, 110-[ I, 151 education,

among men compared with women, [54; expansion of secondary, in Africa,s;

level of, among, 'free' women, 53, 55, 134, [37;

girl-friends, I I, 13, 15, 17, 24, [49; good-time girls, [6, 149; wives, 28, 30, 35, 38, 40, 5 [, 127-8, [50; workers, 114-15, 14B

of audience, as author's duty, 4; prestige of, 16

Edwards, Paul, ix, 161 Edzi,

as mother, 71-2, 138; as wife, 29, 128, 155, 156

Efuru, 58, 134-5 Ejiaka, 30-2, 33, 35,128, 129, [30, 156 Ekwensi, Cyprian,

Beautiful Feathers: Chini, 12-13, 18, 29, 121, 124;

Wilson Gyari, 12, 28--g; Yaniya, 12, 28-9, [28

Iska: Dan, 62-3, 64, 73; Dapo, 64, 65,

147; Filia, 23, 62-5, 73, 106, I I 1-14, [24, 136, 147, 148, 151; Filia's mother, (lloma Enu), 64, 65, 72-3, 113, 136, 138, 147; Gadson, 112; Jewel, 63, 65, 73; Jolimo, Chief Mrs, 63-4, 112, 113-[4; Rayimi, 63; Remi, 23-4,60,63,65, 112, 122, 124-5

Jagua Nana: Dennis, 77, 81; Freddie, 76-7, 78,

r66 Index

Ekwensi, Cyprian (Contd.) 79,80,81, 104,106,141;jagua, 76-81,82,104-6,139-41,146, 152; Mama Nancy, 80; Nancy, 77; Ofubara, Chief, 78,81, 106, 139; Rosa, 77, 78, I 39; Uncle Taiwo, 77, 78, 79, 104, 105,106, 139

Lokotown: Ajayi, 119, 120; Anna, 119;

Konni, 118-20, 142, 148, 151; Nwuke, 119, 120

People of the City: Amusa, 61, 62, 136; Beatrice, 36-

7,61-2,135-6,139,151;Dupeh Martins, 67; Gunnings, 61; Lajide, 61, 62, 135, 139; Zamil, 61,62,136

Survive the Peace: james, 17-18, 38-g, 122-3, 127,

132; juliette, 17, 39-40, 127, 132,138,143,156, 157; Vic, 17-18,39, 121, 122-3, 124

Elizabeth, 115-16 Elsie,

as girl-friend, 13, 125; as good-time girl, 13, 121, 125

Embenzi, 116-17 Emecheta, Buchi,:

Second Class Citi<;en: Adah, 40-3, 113-4, 151, 156, 157;

Francis, 40-3, 114-4 Equiano, Oluadah, ix Eunice, Achebe's, 106, 107, 147, 151 Eunice, Ruheni's, 16-17, 66, 121-2,

125 Ewedu, 55-8, 134-5, 137, 155

Farah, Nuruddin, From a Crooked Rib:

Awill, 58, 59, 60; Ebla, 58-60, 66, 135; Tiffo, 58-g

Fatima, as a 'political' woman, 147-8; as a

wife, 35-8,127-8,129,155,156 Filia,

as a career-girl, 64, I I I - I 4, 148, 151; as a 'free' woman, 23, 62-5, 73, 124, 136, 15 I; as a 'political'

woman, 106, 147 'free' women,

affairs of, 56, 64, 135; age of, 53, 55, 56, 58, 65, 67; attractiveness of, 53, 55, 56, 62, 65, 66, 137; calculating, 62, 135-6; career­seeking, 62, 64, 136; characteri­sation of, 53, 67, 134-7;

characters portraying, Beatrice, 36-7, 61-2, 135-6, 139,

151; Ebla, 58-60, 66, 135; Efuru, 58, 134-5; Ewedu, 55-8, 134-5,137, 155; Filia, 23, 62-5, 73, 124, 136, 151; jane, 65-7, 137; june Mwihaki, 55, 137; N'Deye, 53-5, 136-7, 145

children, child-bearing and, 58, 134, 135, 150-1; choosing men, 61-2, 63, 135-6, 139; conclusions on, 150-1 convention, rebelling against, 53, 55, 58, 60, 63, 134-5,136, 150; defined, 134;educa­tion of, 53, 55, 134, 137; em­ancipation as aim of, 53, 55, 60, 66, 137, 151; escapism of, 53-5, 60; freedom, search for, 54, 57, 59-60,61,62, 67, 135-6; free­dom and urban characteri­sation, 67, 135-6; high life and enjoyment, 61-2, 63, 65, 136; idealism of, 54, 62, 63, 64, 65, 136; illiterate, 58, 135; imper­sonal attitude towards men, 53, 55, 56, 60, 6 I, 66, 134-5; inde­pendence, desire for, 55, 56, 60, 61,62,64-5,134,136,137,15 1, 152; intertribal relations, atti­tude towards, 54, 62-3; mar­riage, deciding against, 53, 55, 58, 134, 135; marriage for status and protection, 53, 58; mar­riage, uncertainty about, 56, 59; masculine traits in, 152; mascu­linity, admiration of male, 56-7, 63, 64, 135; materialism of, 62, 63, 136; personality, desire to develop, 59-60, 136-7; po­lygamy, views on, 53, 54, 137; pregnancy of, 57, 59,60,64,66,

Index

137; rebelling against tradi­tional female roles, 134, 150-1; relations with native com­munity, 54-5, 62, 137; religious background and, 65-6, 67, 135, 137; remaining single, 53, 54, 66, 67, 135, 150; role-category of, 7, 53-67; romantic ideal of, 53, 55, 66, 137; rural back­ground of, 56, 58, 60, 66, 135; self-assurance of, 6 I, 135-6; so­cial ambition of, 62, 63; sophisti­cation of, 58, 60, 63, 65, 66, I 13, 135; urban life, ignorance of, 66, 137; urban life, problems of ac­commodating to, 6L, 64, 135; Western influence on, 53, 55, 62, 137

Gikere's mother, 2 I, 68-9, 126, 138 girl-friends,

affianced, 10, I I, 24, 121, 122; as mistresses, 9, 12-13, 15, 121, 122-3; as status symbols, 9, 13, 123; as stronger characters than men, 10, I I, 149; becoming friend offamily, 12-13,29,124; capacity to attract male admi­ration, 9, I I, 17, 123; characte­risationof, 7,9-13,15-19,24-5, 121-4;

characters portraying, Achola, 24-5, 121, 122; Aduke,

I 1-12, 12 I, 122,149; Akilo, Mrs Agnes, 13, 121, 124; Chini, 12-13,18,29,121,124; Clara, 10-I I, 121, 122; Elsie, 13, 125; Gloria, 9-10, 11,28,117,121, 123-4; Miria, 15-16,121, 123, 149; Vic, 17-18,39,121,122-3, 124; Wambuku, 19, 121, 122

conclusions on, 149; conflict with family loyalty, 12-13, 17-18, 123, 124; conflict with political loyalty, 19, 122; contemplating marriage, 10-12, 24-5, 121, 122; depth of feeling of, 123; dilemmas of, 19, 122; dilemmas of boy-friends, 10-1 I, 12, 15-

16; distinction between good­time girls and, 9, 12 I -; dress of, 9; education of, I I, 13, 15, 17, 24, 149; equality in interaction with men, 10, 11-12, 13, 17, 18, 12 I, 123, 149; femininity of, 152; financial independence of, I I, 18, 149; glamour of, 9, 123; idealism of, 24; illiterate, 15, 123, 149; legal wives contrasted with, 9; married lovers return­ing to wives, 12, 17, 123, 124; occupational status of, 9, 10, I I,

12, 13, 15, 17, 24, 122, 123; personality of, 10, I I, 17; pla­tonic friendship, I I, 122, 149; pregnancy of, 10, 15-16, 122, 149; role-category of, 7, 9-13, 15-19, 24-5, 121-4; sex rela­tionships of, 9-10, 13, 12 I, 149; sophistication of, 9-10, 16; understanding of men, 10, I I,

12,13,121,123,124; with other lovers, 18

glamour, 9, 13, 20, 123, 124, 130, 150 Gloria, Aluko's, 9-10, I 1,28, 117,121,

123-4 Gloria, Nwankwo's, 14-15, 121, 124-5,

155 good-time girls,

age of, 16,20, 149; attraction of city for, 13, 14, 21, 60, 126, 149; attraction to owners of cars, 14, 125; background of, 13, 14-15, 23,24, 124-5, 149; capacity to attract male admiration, 9, 13, 14, 16, 20, 26-7, 125, 149; characterisation of, 7, 13-15, 16, 19-24,25-7, 121, 124-7;

characters portraying, Elsie, 13, 121, 125; Eunice, 16-17,

66, 121-2, 125; Gloria, 14-15, 121, 124-5, 155; June Ogoo, 25-7, 122, 125-6; Mercy, 13-14, 121, 124-5, 150; Remi, 23-4,60,122, 124-5; Selina, 19-23, 68,69, 122, 126-7, 152, 156

conclusions on, 149-50; conflict with family loyalty, '2 I, 126-7; deep-

168 Index

good-time girls (Contd.) er meaning behind promis­cuity, 15, 125, 150; defined, 13; desire for real lover, [4,20, 150; ·distinction between girl-friend and, 9, 12 I; dress of, [3, 16, 20, [49; education of, [6, '49; en­tertainment of, [3, [4, [5, 20, 27; femininity of, [52; financial dependence of, 13, 20, [49; flat provided for, 13, [4, [5; genuine suitors of, [4; glamour of, 9, 13, 20, '49; insecurity of, [4-[5,23, 124, 149, 150; marriage of, 20-2,23, 126-7; married women as, 25-7; material advantages of, [3,14,19,20,26,12[, 124, 125, [49; occupational status of, 13, [4, [6, [9, 2[, 125, [26, 149; personality, dual, 14-15, 125; personality of, 19-20, 2[, 126, [27; pregnancy of, 125, [50; prospective husbands, [6, 17; psychological mechanisms of, 14- 15, 19-20, 124, [25, [27, [50; relationships with men, [3-14, 15, [6, 17, 20, 23, 27, 12 I; relations with other lovers, 16, 17, 125; role-category of, 7, 13-15, 16, 19-24, 25-7, 121, 124-7; self-confidence, 19-20, 2 I, 23, 124; sex relationships of, 15,23, 121, 150; social ambition of, 25-6; sophistication of, 149; tact of, 14; understanding of men, 14-15,20, [24, [26; urban life, problems of adapting to, 23, 24,60, 124

Hafkin, Nancy, and Bay, Edna G., 157, 161

Hamila Uche, 35, 36, 37, [29 Harrell-Bond, Barbara, 153, 16[ Hausa-Ibo marriage, 35-8, 62-3

lbo, couples, 30-5; -Hausa marriages,

35-8, 62-3; novelists, ix; -Yoruba relationships, 1[-[2

idealism, of 'free' women, 56, 62, 63, 64, 65,

136; of girl-friends, 24; of wives, 36-7

ideological, interest of 'political' women, 107-9,

[47; motives of authors, 4; views of Achebe and Ekwensi, 4

Ike, Chukwuemeka, Sunset at Dawn:

Amilo Kanu, 35, 37-8, 129, [55; Fatima, 35-8,127-8, [29, 147-8, 155, 156; Hamila Uche, 35, 36,37, 128

Toads jar Supper: Aduke, 11-12, 121, 122, 149;

Amadi, 11-12,69, 122; Amadi's mother,69-70, 138; Nwakaego, 69-70

lloma Enu (Filia'smother), 64, 65,72-3, 113, 136, 138, 147

image of African women, absence of business, professional, and

public service women, 154, 157; accuracy of, 153-4; and 'real life', 7, 152-3; attitudes towards men, 152; compared with image of Victorian women, I, 153-4, 157; components of over-all [52; definitive place in community, 152; double standard of sexual morality, 156-7; femininity of, 152; independence, desire for, 152-3; male audience influenc­ing, 154; male sexual prowess and, 155; motives for condoning infidelity, 156-7; psychological self-sufficiency, 152; relaxed attitude towards sex, 152; short­comings of, 154, 157-8; signifi­cance of, 2, 7, 8, 152-3; social attitudes reflected in, 2, 7, 154; sociological research confirm­ing, 153; sociology of, 8; space devoted to sex, 154-5; women's motives in, 155-6

independence, desire for, 152-3; financial, I I, 13,

14, 152-3; lack of financial,

Index 169

among good-time girls, 13, 20, 149; of courtesans, 78-9, 139-40, 151, 152; of 'free' women, 55,56,60,61,62,64-5, 134; of girl-friends, I I, 18, 149; of pros­titutes, 142

informant, author as, 2-7; bias of, 3; credibility

of, 3, 152-3; in anthropological research, 2-3; in sociological research, 2, 3, 6-7; literary situ­ation and, 3-4; motives of the author, 4-5

introduction, 1-8

Jagua Nana, acting as a prostitute, 139, 140, 151;

as a business woman, 76, 77, 78; as a courtesan, 76-8 I, 139-40, 155; as a 'political' woman, 104-6,146; as an urban charac­ter, 76, 79; character of, 81; compared with Madam Obbo, 81, 82, 140; compared with Moll Flanders, 78; compared with Wanja, 82, 140-1; gen­erous aspect of, 78, 139, 140; independence of, 78-9, 139, 140; masculine streak in, 152; personality of, 79-80, 82, 139-40 ; rural background of, 76, 77, 79, 140 ; social ambition of, 76; values held by, 79-81, 139, 140

Jane, 65-7, 137 Jallet, 30, 3 I, 32-5, 129-30, 150, 155,

156-7 Jedidah, 43-4, 130 Jellicoe, Marguerite, 153, 161 John, Mrs Eleanor, 101, 146 Juliette, 17,39-40,127,132,138,143,

156, 157 June Mwihaki, 55, 137 June Ogoo, 25-7, 122, 125--6

Kahiga, Samuel, The Girl from Abroad:

June Mwihaki, 55,137; Matthew, 55, 137

Koko, Mrs, 106, 146

Konni, as a prostitute, 142, 151; as a worker,

II 8-9

La Fontaine, Jean, 153, 161 literary criticism, ix, 3-4, 6 literature,

African, see African literature; British, social life depicted in, I,

153-4, 157; contributing to understanding of social life, 1-2; Western, used as a model, 4

Little, K., 153, 161 Lola, 12, 117

Maami, 74-5, 138 Madam Obbo, 31-2, 81-2, 128, 140 Marne Soli, 97, 144 market women, market traders,

as a 'political' force, 97, 98, 101-6, 146-7; as workers, 109-1 I; com­bining business with pleasure, 102-4, 146-7

marriage, breakdown of, 28-9, 38-9, 40, 42-3,

150; caste forbidding, 10, 122; 'free' women deciding against, 53, 55, 58, 134, 135; 'free' women's uncertainty about, 56, 59; girl-friends contemplating, 10--12,24-5, 121, 122; in church, 32, 34, 35, 127; intertribal, I I, 35-8, 62-3; marrying for status and protection, 53, 58; of good-time girls, 20-2, 23, 126-7; rites, importance of, 127; sex­ual side of, in modern context, 40-4; sexual side of, in tra­ditional context, 44-52; tribal customary, 39-40, 127; women postponing, 153

Martha, 114-15, 148 masculini ty,

admiration of male, 56-7, 63, 64, 135; traits of, attributed to forceful women, 152, 154;

Mercy, 13-14, 121, 124-5, 150 Meredith, George, I

Miria, 15-16, 121, 123, 149

170 Index

Mom, 110-1 I, 148 mothers,

as son's confidant, 69-70; character­isation of, 68-75, 137-8;

characters portraying, Amadi's mother, 69-70, 138; Edzi,

71-2, 138; Gikere's mother, 21, 68-g, 126, 138; Iloma Enu, 64, 65, 72-3, 113, 136, 138, 147; Maami, 74-5, 138; Nyokabi, 70-1; Wini, 75,137-8

child's love for, 74-5, 138; child's reaction to mother-figure, 74-5, 138; conclusions on, 151; -daug­hter relationship, 72-5, 138; de­serting son, 69, 70, 75, 138; dominating, 68-9, 138; lll­

tuitive understanding, 73, 138; maternal instinct, 6g-70, 7 I, 73, 137, 151; neighbours, concern over, 70, 72, 138; possessiveness of,68-g, 138; protecting son, 72, 138; role-category of, 68-75, 137-8; social ambitions of, 75, 138; traditional view of, 6g-70, 73, 15 I; with favourite child, 71-3; withdrawing love to dis­cipline child, 74-5

Mutiso, G.-C. M., 7, 106, 107, 109, 161 Mwangi, Meja,

Going down River Road: Baby, 75,91,g2, 143; Ben, 75,91,

g2, 93,143; Wini, 75, gO-2, 137-8, 142-3, 1'51

Nanga, Mrs, 29-30, 128, 156 N'Deye, 53-5, 136-7, 145 N'Gone, 51-2, 132 Ngugi, James,

A Grain of Wheat: Kihaka, Ig, 122; Wambuku, Ig,

12 I, 122 Ngugi wa Thiong'o,

'And the Rains Came Down': Njeri, 70-1; Nyokabi, 70-1

'Minutes of Glory': Beatrice, 8g-g0, 143, 151, 156

Petals of Blood: Abdullah, 83-4, 86-7; Karega, 84,

85, 86, 87; Kimeira, 83, 85, 86, 87, 140- 1; Munira, 83, 84, 85-6, 141, 156; Wanja, 8, 82-7, 140-2, 151, 152, 156

'The Mubenzi Tribesman': Ruth, 38-9, 131-2; Warahui, 38-

9, 13 1- 2 Nicol, Abioseh,

'The Truly Married Woman': wife in, 2g, 130

Njau, Rebeka, Ripples in the Pool:

Garciu, 2 I -3, 126-7; Gikere, 20-2,68,69, 126; Gikere's mother, 2 I, 68-g, 126, 138; Karuga, 22; Maria, 6g; Selina, 19-23, 68, 6g, 122, 126-7, 149, 152, 156

North America, interest in Africa in, ix, 5 Novelists, see authors nurses, nursing sisters, g, 10, I I, 13, 19,

20, 123, 126 Nwankwo, Nkem,

My Mercedes is Bigger than Yours: Gloria, 14-15, 121, 124-5, 155;

Onuma,15 Nwapa, Flora,

Efuru: Efuru, 58, 134-5

Nyokabi, 70-1

Obiechina, E., 88, 161 occupational status,

of girl-friends, g, 10, I I, 12, 13, 15, 17, 24, 122, 123; of good-time girls, 13, 14, 16, 19,21,125,126, 149; of prostitutes in employ­ment, 8g-go, 118-lg; of wor­kers, IOg-20

Odofo, Lamptey, Madam, as a 'political' woman, 102-4, 146-7,

155; as a worker, IOg-1O Ogot, Grace,

'Elizabeth': Elizabeth, 115-16; Mr Jimbo,

115-16 'The Honourable Minister':

Jared, 25, 26; June Ogoo, 25-7, 122, 125-6; Kim Mawanga, 26-7; Wasra, Mrs, 26

Index

'The Other Woman': Anna, 42-4, 130; Jedidah, 43-4,

130; Jerry, 43, 44; Tapulalai, 43,44

'The White Veil': Achola, 24-5, 121, 122; Owila,

24-5 Ogugua,

as a 'political' woman, 101, 146; as a wife, 49-51, 131, 152

Okpewho, Isidore, The .Victims:

Obanua, 49, 50, 13 1; Ogugua, 49-51, 101, 131, 132, 146; Gwam, 101; Nwabunor, 49, 50, 51,13 1, 132

Oppong, Christine, 153, 161 Ousmane, Sembene,

God's Bits of Wood: Awa, 98, 99, 100; Bakayako, 54,

137; Dieynaba, 98, 144; Lahib, 98, 10 I; Mabigue, 96, 144; Marne Sofi, 97, 144; N'Deye, 53-5,136-7,145;Penda,53,98, 99-100,134,141,144,145,152; Ramatoulaye, 96, 97, 144; the Imam, 97

Xala: Awa, 51, 132; El Hadji, 51, 132,

133, 155; N'Doye, 51, 132; N'Gone, 51-2, 133

Oyonyo, Ferdinand, Houseboy:

Sophie, 143-4

p'Bitek, Okot,: Song of Lawino, 107-9, 146

Penda: as a 'political' woman, 98, 99-100,

144, 145, 147; exceptional char­acter of, 53, 134, 144, 145, 152; leadership qualities of, 98, 99-100,14 1, 145

Plotnicov, L., x poetry, verse, ix, 7-8 political:

influence in relationships, I I, 13; loyalty, conflict over, 19, 28, 122; parties, women's wing of,

154; preoccupation oflovers, 10, 12; scientists, I; sentiments, 4

'political' women, age of, 102; as intermediaries, 15 1;

attractiveness of, 102, 107, 147; campaigning, 104-b, 146; can­vassing, 103; characterisation of, 95-109, 144-8;

characters portraying, Acholi woman, 107-9, 147;

Dieynaba,98, 144; Eunice, 106, 107, 147, 151; Fatima, 147-8; Filia, 106, 147; Jagua Nana, 104-6, 146;John, Mrs Eleanor, 101, 146; Koko, Mrs, 106, 146; Marne Sofi, 97, 144; mistress in Chief the Honourable Minister, 101-2, 146; Odofo Lamptey, Madam, 102-4, 146-7, 155; Ogugua, 101, 146; Penda, 98, 99-100, 144, 145, 147; Ramatoulaye, 96, 97, 144; Salimatu, 102-4, 146-7, 155; Segi, 107, 146

combining business with pleasure, 102-4, 146-7; concern for child­ren, 95-6, 144, 146; conclusions on, 151; criticising social order, 107-9, 147; determination of, 101, 146; direct role in politics, 106, 151; education of, 107, 146; ideological interest of, 107-9, 147; illiterate, 144, 145; in­itiative taken by, 95; jealousy among, 103-4; latent resources of, 145-b; leadership qualities of, 98, 101, 107, 144; market women as, 97, 98,101-6,144-6; 'masculine' role of, 99, 145; mi­litancy of, 96-101, 144; novelty of role, 95, 144, 145; personality of, 145; providing financial help, 102-3; racial aspect of struggle, 144, 146, 151; role­category of, 95-109,144-8; sup­porting strike action, 95-101, 144; use of associations, 101-2, 106, 146-7, 151; use of com­mercial influence, 101

Index

professional women, absence of, 154, 157

prostitutes, amateur, 93; as automata, 92~4; as

personalities, 89--g2, 142~3, 151; association with dance­halls and bars, 92~3, I I 7~1 8; bar-maids as, 89, 143; brothel, 94; categories of, 93~4; charac­terisation of, 89~94, 142~4;

characters portraying, Beatrice, 89--g0, 143, 151, 156;

Konni, 142, 151; Sophie, 143~4, 151; Wini, 90~2, 142~3, 151

choosing lovers, 91, 143; conclusions on, 151; courtesans distin­guished from, I 38~9; defined, 76, 138--g; disreputable, 92~4, 151; furthering career, 9 I ~2, I 42~3; getting their own back, 143~4; independence of, 142; lower-scale, 93~4; mechanical attitudes of, 94, 139; methods of procuring, I I 7~18, 119; Mwangi's depiction of, 92~3,

94; personality of, 15 I ; role­category of, 7, 89~94, I 42~4; Rubadiri's depiction of, 92~3; self-confidence of, 9 I, 143, 156; self-esteem, desire f~r, 89, 90; sexual elegance of, 143; sexual services for money, 76, 138~9; social ambition of, 91, 142~3;

studies on, 153; treated as non­persons, 142; wage employment and, 89--g0, 118~19; younger and more attractive, 93

public service women, absence of, 154, 157

Ramatoulaye, 96, 97, 144 Remi,

as a good-time girl, 23~4, 60, 122, 124~5; friendship with Filia, 63, 65, 112

role-categories, ingredients of, 7~8; of courtesans, 76~

89; of 'free' women, 53~67; of girl-friends, 9~13, 15~19, 24~5;

of good-time girls, 7, I 3~ 15, I 9~ 24, 125~7; of mothers, 68~75; of 'political' women, 95~109; of prostitutes, 89~94; of wives, 28~ 52; of workers, 109~20

Rubadiri, David, No Bride Price:

depiction of prostitutes, 92~3;

Lomba, 15, 123; Miria, 15~16, 121, 123, 149

Ruheni, Mwargi, The Minister's Daughter:

Abdul Gana, 18; Ali Kamau, 16, 17; Eunice, 16~17, 66, 121~2,

125; Grace, 66;Jane, 65~7, 137; Kalule, 67; Lewis Maranga, 16, 17,66

Ruth, 38--g, 131~2

Salimatu, as a 'political' woman, 102~4, 146~7,

155; as a worker, 109~1O Segi, 107, 146 Selina, 19~23, 68, 69, 122, 126~7, 149,

152, 156 Selormey, Francis,

The Narrow Path: Edzi, 29, 71~2, 128, 138, 155, 156;

Kofi, 71~2, 138; Nani, 71, 72, 155

sex relationships, image of women and, 152, 154~7; of

role-categories, see courtesans, girl-friends, good-time girls, prostitutes

Simi, 87--g, 142 social,

ambition, 25--6, 30, 3 1,62,63,75,76, 84, 9 1, 138, 141, 142~3; atti­tudes, 2, 7, 154; change, 2; environment, 2; institutions, I; life, I ~2; si tua tions, 4; trends, 2

sociological, information gleaned from literature,

ix~x, 7, 8, 153~7; research, 2,3, 6~7, 153; significance of over­drawn characters, 7; situations and fiction, 3~4

Sophie, 143~4, 15 1

Index 173

Southall, A. E., and Gatkind, P., IS3, 161

Soyinka, Wole, Kongi's Harvest:

Kongi, 107; Segi, 107, 146 The Interpreters:

Egbo, 87, 88; Simi, 87-9, 142 Steady, Filomena, IS7 stereotypes, 2, 7 study, the,

context of, 1-2; plan of, 7-8; pro­cedure followed, 2-7

Thomson, Patricia, I, 161 traditional roles,

in rural areas, I, 2, S, 10, 1 I; rebellion against, S3, SS, S8, 60, 63, 134-S, 136, 150

urban, areas, 2; conditions and prostitution,

92-4; corruption, 4, 6; influence in rural areas, 8; life, accom­modating to, 23, 24, 60, 61, 64, 124, 13S; milieu, attraction for courtesans, 76, 79, 82, 83, 140; problems, Achebe's concern with, S-6; -rural outlook of Wanja, 8, 82-3, 84, 140-1; squalor, 4, 14, 79, 92

Vic, 17-18,39, 121, 122-3, 124

Wambuku, 19, 121, 122 Wanja,

as a courtesan, 92-7, 140-2, I S I , I )6i masculint strtak in, I S'2', revenge motive, 83-4, 85-6, 87, 140-'2, 1 )6; two personaiities of, 140-1,151; urban-rural outlook of, 8, 82-3, 84, 140-1

Western, influence on 'free' women, 53, 5S, 62,

137; literature as a model, 4 Wheatly, Phyllis, iJr Wini,

as a mother, 7S, 137-8; as a pro­stitute, 90-2, 142-3, lSI

wives, age of, ISO; as dominant partner, 32,

38--9, 130-4; attractiveness of, 28, 32, 44, 4S, 49, 5 I, 128, ISO; 'bush', 9; characterisation of, 28-S2, 127-34;

characters portraying: Adah, 40-3, 133-4, lSI, IS6, IS7;

Bose, 9, 28, 29, 127-8, IS6; Edzi, 29, 128, I SS, 156; Ejiaka, 30-2,33,35,128,129,130,IS6; Fatima, 3S-8, 127-8, 129, ISS, 156; Hamila Uche, 3S, 36; 37, 129; Janet, 30, 31, 32-S, 129-30, ISO, IS6-7; Jedidah, 43-4, 130; Juliette, 17, 39-40, 127, 130, 132, 138, 143, IS6, IS7; Makallay, 44-9, 130-1, 132, ISO; Nanga, Mrs, 29-30, 128, IS6; N'Gone, SI-2, 132; Ogugua,49-SI, 131, 132; Ruth, 38--9, 131-2; wife in The Truly Married Woman, 29, 130; Yaniya, 12, 28--9, 128

children, concern for, 30, 31, 32, 35, 41, 42,

43, 128; desire for, 28, 33, 47, 129, 150; having borne, 28, 29, 128, I So; ignoring, 40

Christian norms, 32, 33, 34, 3S; con­clusions on, ISO;

co-wives, disagreement between, 49-S I;

domestic struggle for power, 132-3; husband losing control of, 49-SI, 131; love wife, 44-S, 49, 132; relationships of, 29-30, 132-3; religious differences among, 4S, 46, 51; senior wife, 44,45,46,49,51, 132

culturally superior, 133; dress of, 39; education, sociological impor­tance of, 127-8; educational standard of, 28, 30, 3S, 38, 40, S I, 127-8, I So; educationally inferior, 28; extra-marital re­lations of, 28, 29, 39-40, 48,127, ISO;

extra-marital relations of husband,

174 Index

wives (Contd.) attitudes of wife, 28--9, 32, 33-4,

37-8,128,129,150; combating, 28, 30, 32, 33-4, 37-8, 129; condoning, 28, 29, 32,42, 128, 130, 150, 156-7; militating against, 32, 34, 39, 129, 130, 131; reconciliation after, 29, 32, 34, 37-8, 129-30

family affairs, involvement in, 28, 29, 128, 150; feeling neglected, 28; femininity of, 152; financial in­dependence of, 38, 39, 40, 43, 132; forced separation of hus­bands and, 35-6; getting own way, 38-40, 130-2; glamour of, 45, 128, 130, 150; lbo, 3Q-5, 4Q-3; idealism of, 36-7; in elite society, 35-8; independence of, 153; insistent on rights, 29, 40; leaving husbands, 39; loyalty of, 30, 42; marital rdationships, 28-9, 31-2, 38-9, 40; 42-3, 128, 150; marriage rites, 32, 34, 35, 39-40, 12 7; marriages, in­tertribal, I I, 35-8, 62-3; role­category of, 7, 28-52, 127-34; sex appeal, 28, 45, 128; sexual side of marriage, in modern context, 40-4; sexual side of marriage, in traditional con­text, 44-52; social ambitions of, 38-9, 40-I, 133-4, 138; socially

inferior, 28, 30-5, 131; socially inferior husbands, 38--9, 131-2; socially superior, 131; sophisti­cation of, 28, 38, 46, 129, 131

women, image of, 150-8; status and position

of, ix, I, 2, 7 workers,

age of, 114; attractiveness of, 110; career girl, I I 1-14; characteri­sation of, 109-20, 148;

characters portarying, Edna, 110-11; Elizabeth, 115-16;

Embenzi, 116-17; Filia, 64, I I 1-14, 148, 151; Konni, 118-19; Lola, 117; Martha, 114-15; Mom, 110-1 I, 148; Odofo Lamptey, Madam, 109; Salimatu, 109-10

combining prostitution and work, I 17-20; conclusions on, 15 I; education and career, 114-15, 148; in offices, 117; role­category of, 109-20, 148; secre­taries, 109,. I 15- I 6, 153; tea­chers, 116-17

Yaniya, 12,28--9, 128 Yoruba-Ibo relationships, I I

Zeleza, Paul, 'The Married Woman':

George, 114-15; Martha, 114-15