Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Archaeplastida

KingdomCharophycean

NucleusIntercellular structuresCytoskeleton Linear chromosomesMeiosis and Mitosis

Primary EndosimbiosisContain plastidsChlorophyll AContain Cellulose in cell wallsStarch used as food storage

Chlorophyll B, Carotene, XanthophyllFlagellaInternal fertilization, egg retainedForm phragmoplast during cell plate formation

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Archaeplastida

KingdomPlantae

NucleusIntercellular structuresCytoskeleton Linear chromosomesMeiosis and Mitosis

Primary EndosimbiosisContain plastidsChlorophyll AContain Cellulose in cell wallsStarch used as food storage

Diplohaplontic life cycleApical meristemCuticleDispersed by seeds or spores

Supergroup Archaeplastida

KingdomPlantae

Bryophytes

Primary EndosimbiosisContain plastidsChlorophyll AContain Cellulose in cell wallsStarch used as food storage

Diplohaplontic life cycleApical meristemCuticleDispersed by seeds or spores

HomosporousNon Vascular, small size Flagellated SpermGametophyte dominant Sporophyte dependant on gametophyteNo true leaves, stems or roots (anchors with rhizoids)Have Gametangia: Antheridia & Archegonium

• Bryophyte Life Cycle – Diplohaplontic, Homosporous• Gametophyte dominant, Sporophyte dependant on gametophyte• Gametangia (cluster of sex organs)• Sporangium

Female Gametangium

Male Gametangium

Moss Sporophyte

• Grows out of adult gametophyte

• Dependant on gametophyte

• Sporangium containing spores located on the top

Rhizoids

• A structure in plants that functions like a root in support or absorption.

• Not a true root due to lack of vascular tissue

KingdomPlantae

Bryophytes

Division Hepatophyta(liverworts)

Diplohaplontic life cycleApical meristemCuticleDispersed by seeds or spores

HomosporousNon Vascular, small size Flagellated SpermGametophyte dominant Sporophyte dependant on gametophyteNo true leaves, stems or roots (anchors with rhizoids)Have Gametangia: Antheridia & Archegonium

Gametangia are antheridia and archegoniaJust pores, no stomataFlattened leaf-like lobes

Division Hepatophyta(liverworts)

• Flattened leaf-like lobes

• Looks like liver, originally thought to be good for the liver when eaten

• Just pores, no stomata

KingdomPlantae

Bryophytes

Division Anthocerophyta(hornworts)

Diplohaplontic life cycleApical meristemCuticleDispersed by seeds or spores

HomosporousNon Vascular, small size Flagellated SpermGametophyte dominant Sporophyte dependant on gametophyteNo true leaves, stems or roots (anchors with rhizoids)Have Gametangia: Antheridia & Archegonium

Hornlike sporangia

Division Anthocerophyta (hornworts)Green top parts: Sporangia (horns)Dark slime looking bottom: Dominant Gametophyte

KingdomPlantae

Bryophytes

Division Bryophyta(mosses)

Diplohaplontic life cycleApical meristemCuticleDispersed by seeds or spores

HomosporousNon Vascular, small size Flagellated SpermGametophyte dominant Sporophyte dependant on gametophyteNo true leaves, stems or roots (anchors with rhizoids)Have Gametangia: Antheridia & Archegonium

Has Leaf like structuresSporophyte has a capsule with calyptrasGametophyte grows from protonema Important part of the eco system

Division Bryophyta (moss)

Life Cycle

Division Bryophyta (moss) capsule

• Operculum falls off when dry

• Teeth open

• Internal spores are released

Division Bryophyta (moss) capsule with calyptras

Division Bryophyta (moss) Protonema• When a moss first grows from the spore, it grows as a

protonema which develops into a leafy gametophyte.

Kingdom: PlantaeDomain: Bryophyta

Genus: Sphagnum

• Demonstrated moss absorbance in the lab

• Looked at the clear, non photosynthetic, absorbent cells

• Compared to green, photosynthetic cells

• Absorbance important in the global ecosystem

Division Bryophyta (mosses) gametophyte

KingdomPlantae

Seedless Vascular Plants

Diplohaplontic life cycleApical meristemCuticleDispersed by seeds or spores

Structure, grow larger, nutrient movementStomataRoots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphylls)Sporophyte dominant “seen”Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte Contain Phloem and Xylem

Seedless Vascular Plants

Division Lycophyta(club moss, ground pines, spike moss, quillworts)

GenusLycopodium(club moss)

Structure, grow larger, nutrient movementStomataRoots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)Sporophyte dominant “seen”Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte Contain Phloem and Xylem

Lycopodium (club moss) specimen

Lycopodium leaf cross section

Lycopodium Life Cycle

LycopodiumStrobili Unmagnifiedand Magnified

Seedless Vascular Plants

Division Lycophyta(club moss, ground pines, spike moss, quillworts)

GenusSelaginella

Structure, grow larger, nutrient movementStomataRoots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)Sporophyte dominant “seen”Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte Contain Phloem and Xylem

Selaginella sporophyte

Selaginella Life Cycle

KingdomPlantae

Seedless Vascular Plants

Division Pterophyta(whisk ferns, horsetails, ferns)

Diplohaplontic life cycleApical meristemCuticleDispersed by seeds or spores

Structure, grow larger, nutrient movementStomataRoots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)Sporophyte dominant “seen”Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte Contain Phloem and Xylem

Seedless Vascular Plants

Division Pterophyta

ClassPterophyta(ferns)

Structure, grow larger, nutrient movementStomataRoots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)Sporophyte dominant “seen”Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte Contain Phloem and Xylem

Fern Life cycle

Fern Life cycle

BelowSporophyte growing from gametophyte

fern sporophyte

fern sorus on leaf

Fern sorus magnified

fern sporangium with annulus

Seedless Vascular Plants

Division Pterophyta

ClassPsilophyta(whisk ferns)

Structure, grow larger, nutrient movementStomataRoots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)Sporophyte dominant “seen”Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte Contain Phloem and Xylem

PsilophytaLife cycle

Psilotum Sporangium

Seedless Vascular Plants

Division Pterophyta

ClassSphenophyta(horsetails)

Structure, grow larger, nutrient movementStomataRoots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)Sporophyte dominant “seen”Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte Contain Phloem and Xylem

Life cycle shown in lab

Equisetum life cycle1. Sporophyte plant2. Strobilus3. Sporangium4. Spores5. Antheridium6. Sperm7. Male gametophyte8. Female gametophyte9. Archegonium10. Egg11. Zygote12. Young sporophyte

Equisetum sporophyte

Equisetum gametophyte

Equisetum spores

Seedless Vascular Plants

Division Pterophyta

ClassSphenophyta(horsetails)

Structure, grow larger, nutrient movementStomataRoots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)Sporophyte dominant “seen”Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte Contain Phloem and Xylem

Kingdom Plantae Division Hepatophyta Division Anthocerophyta Division Bryophyta

Division Lycophyta Division Pterophyta

Division Ginkgophyta Division Cycadophyta Division Gnetophyta Division Coniferophyta Division Anthophyta

Moss gametophyte, moss sporophyte, moss capsule with calyptras, moss antheridium, moss archegonium, moss protonema, moss rhizoids, Selaginella strobilis nonmagnified & magnified, fern sporophyte, fern sorus, fern sporangium with annulus, fern gametophyte, stomata, megaphyll, Lycopodium strobilis, fern gametophyte, Psilotum sporophyte, Selaginella sporophyte, Equisetum spores, Equisetum sporophyte