8/7/2019 Bio3: Muscular and Skeletal

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bio3-muscular-and-skeletal 1/11

The Protective and SupportSystem of Animals

bio3

8/7/2019 Bio3: Muscular and Skeletal

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bio3-muscular-and-skeletal 2/11

8/7/2019 Bio3: Muscular and Skeletal

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bio3-muscular-and-skeletal 3/11

THE PROTECTIVE ANDSUPPORT SYSTEMS OFANIMALS

Ma in functions: to provide support, protectiona nd en a ble movement of different skelet a l forms

8/7/2019 Bio3: Muscular and Skeletal

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bio3-muscular-and-skeletal 4/11

Hydrostatic Skeletonexhibited by mollusks a nd nem a todes/ worms

pressurized fluid in comp a rtments a nd by usingthe muscles surrounding these comp a rtments,the a nim a l ch a nges sh a pe a nd producesmovement (perist a ltic movement - squeezingother segments while a llowing others to rel a x)

8/7/2019 Bio3: Muscular and Skeletal

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bio3-muscular-and-skeletal 5/11

Hydrostatic Skeleton

8/7/2019 Bio3: Muscular and Skeletal

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bio3-muscular-and-skeletal 6/11

skeletons which enc a ses the org a nisms body exhibited by insects, crust a cea ns a ndspiderscomposed of CHITIN (light, strong for

protection a nd reduction of w a ter loss);ca n be c a lcified for further strengthening

Exoskeleton

8/7/2019 Bio3: Muscular and Skeletal

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bio3-muscular-and-skeletal 7/11

Exoskeleton

8/7/2019 Bio3: Muscular and Skeletal

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bio3-muscular-and-skeletal 8/11

found within the body of the a nim a l

vertebr a tes (bones) a nd echinoderms(ossicles) ± c a lcium rich2 sections: a xia l skeleton a nda

ppendicula

r skeleton

Endoskeleton

8/7/2019 Bio3: Muscular and Skeletal

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bio3-muscular-and-skeletal 9/11

Endoskeleton

8/7/2019 Bio3: Muscular and Skeletal

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bio3-muscular-and-skeletal 10/11

Muscle Actions

D epressor ± depresses the lower j a w (opens themouth)L

ev a

tor ± elev a

tes the lower ja w (closes themouth)

A dductor ± pulls the limb tow a rds the body m a ss

A bductor ± pulls the limb a w a y from the body m a ssF lexor ± folds the limb (decre a se the a ngle)E xtensor ± extends the limb (incre a se the a ngle)

8/7/2019 Bio3: Muscular and Skeletal

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bio3-muscular-and-skeletal 11/11