Post on 26-Dec-2015
transcript
Biodiesel 101:Industry & Technical Overview
Presented by the National Biodiesel BoardSeptember 2009
Topics Covered: Biodiesel Industry Overview Biodiesel Attributes and Benefits ASTM Biodiesel Fuel Specifications BQ-9000 Program, Fuel Quality & Pump
Labeling Biodiesel Use & Handling Biodiesel for Automotive Technicians OEM Support for Biodiesel Blends Information Resources
Biodiesel Industry Overview,Attributes & Benefits
What is Biodiesel?
biodiesel, n. -- a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100.
biodiesel blend, n. -- a blend of biodiesel fuel with petroleum-based diesel fuel designated BXX, where XX is the volume percent of biodiesel.
FACT: Making Biodiesel (Catalyst)
100 pounds + 10 pounds = 10 pounds + 100 pounds
Triglyceride Alcohol Glycerine Mono-Alkyl Esters
(Soy Oil) (Methanol) (Biodiesel)
Biodiesel is produced through a process called Transesterification
Raw Oils and Fats are NOT Biodiesel! Other ‘Renewable Products’ are NOT Biodiesel Must be long chain mono alkyl esters of fats/oils Must meet ASTM D 6751 - Biodiesel (B100) spec
in place since 2001, with new updates in Oct. 2008
Written Definition Eliminates:
Coal Slurries Raw Vegetable Oils and Fats Non-Esterified Oils Hydro-treated Oils and Fats Proprietary Vegetable Oil / Ethanol blends Blends With Diesel
Needed to secure auto, engine, and fuel injection equipment mfr. acceptance
Traditional Biodiesel Raw Materials
Oil or Fat AlcoholSoybean MethanolCorn EthanolCanolaCottonseed CatalystSunflower Sodium hydroxideBeef tallow Potassium hydroxidePork lardUsed cooking oils
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Potential New Sources
Brassica Juncea
Low Ricin Castor
AlgaeSeashore Mallow
Jatropha
Brown GreaseEtc.
Sustainable Biodiesel U.S. biodiesel industry is committed to sustainable
biodiesel production and opposes the use of non-sustainable agriculture practices worldwide
Biodiesel is produced from a wide variety of renewable resources in the U.S., including non-food sources such as recycled restaurant grease and surplus animal fat
Soybean oil based biodiesel uses only a fraction of the oil, leaving 80% of each bean for food & feed When soybean oil demand goes up for use in biodiesel,
price for soybean meal for food comes down
Visit www.biodieselsustainability.com for more information
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US Biodiesel Production
0
100,000,000
200,000,000
300,000,000
400,000,000
500,000,000
600,000,000
700,000,000
Gal
lon
s
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Changes toEPACT
Bioenergy Program
Biodiesel TaxIncentive
700 Million Gallons
Current Production Capacity = 2.69 billion gallons per year.
BQ-9000 Producers Represent 70 - 80% of biodiesel production volume in U.S.
Additional Production CapacityUnder Construction =
427.8 million gallons / yr.
Biodiesel Infrastructure Biodiesel and biodiesel blends are now
available nationwide from more than: 1,600 Distributors and 1,300 Retailers
Buying Biodiesel Visit the NBB website at:
www.biodiesel.org/buyingbiodiesel/ or www.biotrucker.com to view biodiesel retailers near you, by state, or along a route
NBB website also contains the complete listings of all NBB member producers, distributors, and BQ-9000 certified companies
Why Biodiesel?
JD Power & Associates predicts that Diesel’s share of Light Vehicle Sales will increase from…
USA Car: Rise from 3.8% in 2008 to 10.0% by 2015
USA Truck: Rise from 12.2% in 2008 to 21.7% by 2015
Diesel Industry Research
New Public Opinion Research by Moore Information revealed: 80% of respondents stated they were Very Likely or Somewhat
Likely to use biodiesel in their vehicle if they were able
73% said they would consider purchasing a diesel passenger car if it could use biodiesel and if biodiesel was a recommended or approved fuel by the engine manufacturer
67% would support the extension of the Biodiesel Tax Incentive
75% would support a biodiesel requirement in the Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS-2)
Consumer Research (September 2009)
Biodiesel Performance Biodiesel blends can be
used in any diesel engine without modification
High Cetane (avg. over 50) Performance essentially
the same as diesel in horse-power, torque, towing capability and fuel economy
High Lubricity, even in blends as low as 1-2%
Ultra Low Sulfur avg~2 ppm
Reduces HC, PM, CO in existing diesel engines
B5 is the official fuel of the 2009 Volkswagen Jetta TDI Cup
Racing Series.
Benefits of Biodiesel Environment
Decreases greenhouse gas emissions – 78% Lifecycle Carbon Reduction
4.56 : 1 Positive Energy Balance According to results from new study by University of
Idaho and U.S. Department of Agriculture Compression Ignition Platform (i.e. diesel) 30-
40% more efficient than Spark Ignition (i.e. gasoline, CNG, propane)
In 2008 alone, biodiesel’s contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions was equal to removing 980,000 passenger vehicles from America’s roadways
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Benefits of Biodiesel Energy Security
Renewable, domestic resource New fuel, new refining capacity Reduces dependence on foreign oil Biodiesel produced in the U.S. in 2008 displaced 38.1
million barrels of crude oil U.S. Industry Goal: 5% on-road displacement by 2015 ≈
1.85 BGY (met in various blend levels) • On road diesel= 38 BGY
5% ≈ ¼ of diesel equivalent refined from Persian Gulf Crude or about the amount imported from Iraq
Benefits of Biodiesel Green Jobs/Economic Growth
Creates jobs and stimulates rural and urban economies
In 2008 the U.S. biodiesel industry supported 51,893 jobs in all sectors of the economy
Added $4.287 billion to the nation’s Gross Domestic Product
Generated $866.2 million in tax revenue for federal, state and local governments
Legislative Incentives for Biodiesel
Federal Excise Tax Credits – Incentive for Biodiesel Producers / Blenders; $1.00 per gallon credit against excise tax on
first use vegetable and animal oils EPACT Credits –
Incentive for Fleets for B20+ Use; Least cost option
CAFÉ Credits – Incentive for Automakers for B20+ approval
Federal Clean Diesel Tax Credits Incentive for Consumers - $250 - $3400
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Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS-2) Energy Independence and Security Act as Enacted
Federal Legislation: Volume Requirements
State Biodiesel Legislation: 42 states have now legislatively
adopted the ASTM D6751 specifications for biodiesel
7 states have passed biodiesel mandates: Two are currently in effect (MN & WA) Five will be in effect as of July 1, 2010
(LA, MA, NM, OR, PA).
American Society of Testing & Materials (ASTM)
Biodiesel Specifications and Fuel Quality
ASTM Status
ASTM D6751 is the approved standard for B100 for blending up to B20, in effect since 2001 Performance-based standard: Feedstock and
Process Neutral ASTM has approved D6751 for B100 use only for up
to B20 in the final blend Higher blends upon consultation with the OEM
European EN14214 specs are for neat B100 use Not feedstock neutral, based on rapeseed only
This is why D6751 has different limits for some properties compared to the European Specs i.e. D6751 stability is 3 hours, EN14214 is 6 hours
New and Updated Biodiesel Standards After more than 6 years of research and
development, 4 major biodiesel specification ballots were issued, voted on, passed, and released by ASTM for public use as of October 2008: Changes to B100 Blends Stock, ASTM D6751 Add up to 5% biodiesel in Petrodiesel, D975 Add up to 5% biodiesel in Heating Oil, D396 New standard for on/off road blends B6 to B20,
D7467
ASTM Status
D975 (on/off road diesel) and D396 (heating oil) both allow up to 5% biodiesel Performance based for engines No changes to properties of D975 and D396 B100 must meet D6751 prior to blending B5 is now fungible with diesel fuel, just like
other components that can be used to make D975 fuel
No pump labels are required for B5 and lower blends, it’s just normal diesel
• Voluntary labels are OK
ASTM Status
D7467: B6 to B20 for on/off road diesel engines Not applicable for heating oil
Designed so that if B100 meets D6751 and petrodiesel meets D975, B6 to B20 blends will meet their specifications
Important quality control is at B100 level
Impact of Blended Specs More large fleets are using B20 More than 50% of U.S. OEMs now support B20 or
higher blends in at least some of their equipment; several more are preparing to extend full B20 support to their customers
Biodiesel blends are the only non-petroleum diesel substitute to have officially sanctioned ASTM specifications
Quality is further improved, fuel specs can be enforced by regulatory bodies (supported by NBB)
Biodiesel companies have made process changes in order to meet D6751
Consumers and Fleets want the option to use B20 blends to reduce their environmental impacts with optimal vehicle performance
Stringent ASTM specifications (ASTM D7467) are now in place and being enforced for B6-B20 blends, providing OEMs and consumers with greater production controls and quality assurance
Multiple recent studies by NREL, SAE and others indicate no adverse impacts on engine performance, parts wear or emissions with use of B20 in new engine technologies
EPACT Credits – Incentive for Fleets for B20+ Use; Least cost option for EPACT compliance
CAFÉ Credits – Incentive for Automakers for B20+ approval State Mandates and Incentives are driving consumers
toward use of higher biodiesel blends The Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS-2) should also
encourage the sale and use of B20 blends Differentiate your company with a “green” competitive
advantage
Why Support B20?
Signs of Quality:BQ-9000 Quality Program and New Biodiesel Pump Labeling
Requirements
Biodiesel Pump Labeling Section 205 of the Energy Independence and
Security Act of 2007 (EISA) requires the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to enact and distribute labeling requirements for biodiesel and biomass-based diesel pumps.
The labeling requirements became effective on December 16, 2008.
NBB has created labels consistent with this ruling, which can be found and ordered at
store.allthingsbiodiesel.com
Biodiesel Pump LabelingNo Label Required: Fuel blends containing no more than five percent
biodiesel and no more than 5 percent biomass-based diesel and that meet ASTM D975.
Labels Required: Fuel blends containing more than five but no more
than 20 percent biodiesel or biomass-based diesel. Fuel blends containing more than 20 percent
biodiesel or biomass-based diesel.
Separate Labels for Biodiesel (Blue Labels) and Biomass-Based Diesel (Orange Labels)
BQ-9000 ProgramBiodiesel Industry’s equivalent to an ISO 9000 program for biodiesel production & distribution companies as well as testing labs
BQ-9000 works hand-in-hand with the ASTM specifications for biodiesel
Quality Control System covers biodiesel manufacturing, sampling, testing, blending, storage, shipping, distribution
ASTM Grade Fuel, BQ-9000 Companies
BQ-9000 Status
Since 2005, there has been a substantial increase in interest in the NBB’s BQ-9000 Quality Program
There are now three BQ-9000 designations: Producer (make it to spec) Marketer (buy spec, keep it in spec, blend it right) Certified Laboratories (test it to ensure it is in spec)
We now have 53 total companies BQ-9000 certified (33 producers, 20 marketers)
70-80% of the biodiesel volume in the U.S. is now made by BQ-9000 producers, and more certifications are in process
Many OEMs are now either requiring or strongly encouraging BQ-9000
Biodiesel Use & Handling
Biodiesel Use & Handling Refer to the Biodiesel Use & Handling
Guidelines available on the Biodiesel Training Toolkit and at: http://www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/43672.p
df
Guidelines for Biodiesel Use: Ensure the biodiesel meets the ASTM specification for
pure biodiesel (ASTM D 6751) before blending with petrodiesel.
Purchase biodiesel and biodiesel blends from companies that have been registered under the BQ-9000 fuel quality program.
Ensure your biodiesel blend supplier provides a homogenous product.
Avoid long term storage of B20 and higher blends to prevent degradation. Biodiesel should be used within six months.
Prior to transitioning to B20, it is recommended that tanks be cleaned and free from sediment and water. Check for water and drain regularly if needed. Monitor for microbial growth and treat with biocides as recommended by the biocide manufacturer.
Guidelines for Biodiesel Use: Biodiesel and biodiesel blends have excellent cleaning
properties. Fuel filters on the vehicles and in the delivery system may need to be changed more frequently upon initial B20 use; after that, system runs cleaner with no issues.
Be aware of the biodiesel blend’s cold weather properties and take appropriate precautions. When operating in winter climates, use winter blended diesel fuel. Make sure the biodiesel blend cloud point is adequate for the geographical region and time of year the fuel will be used.
Perform regularly scheduled maintenance as dictated by the engine operation and maintenance manual.
Biodiesel Cold Flow Cold flow properties of
petrodiesel fuel vary widely One MUST be aware of the
cold flow properties of both the biodiesel AND the petrodiesel With blends of 20% and
below, petrodiesel is dominant
Once prepared, blends of B5 or less do not appear to be appreciably different from the base petrodiesel
Biodiesel for Automotive and Diesel Technicians
Diesel Technicians Training New Automotive Technicians Online
Training Program provided by NBB Visit http://www.biodiesel.org/hotline/
for more information or to register for an upcoming training session
Online Training Program
Education and Outreach to Diesel Technicians
Understand why your customers want biodiesel
Answer general questions about biodiesel that your customers may ask you
Understand the importance of fuel quality and the BQ-9000 program
Be able to discern issues between normal diesel problems and poor quality biodiesel imposters or out-of-spec biodiesel when they hit your shop
The training seminars we provide answer these questions:
Training Also Covers Vehicle & Fleet Maintenance on Biodiesel Blends:
Fuel Quality and Parameters Fuel Filtration system and OEM Maintenance Lubricity Exhaust Aftertreatment operation & maintenance Additional Emissions Controls Engine oil lubrication system and maintenance Non-Fuel Related maintenance reminders
How Does Biodiesel Affect Emissions & Aftertreatment ?
Fuel System Concern over deposits and corrosion addressed by ASTM
specifications Engine Emissions
Lower HC and Particulate Matter NOx emissions depend on duty cycle
Aftertreatment hardware / durability Easier DPF regeneration Studies at NREL / ORNL show no adverse effects on
hardware durability, engine performance or emissions
B20 vs. Diesel: In the shop With in spec B20 and lower, the issues you
can expect to see in your shop are the same as you will see with petrodiesel
Except: Expect to see less lubricity related issues Expect to see less problems with after-treatment Filter related issues are likely normal diesel
issues or out of spec or imposter biodiesel Less black smoke from exhaust!
OEM Support for Biodiesel Blends
OEM Warranty Statements and Biodiesel All major U.S. OEMs support at least B5 and lower
blends, provided they are made with biodiesel meeting ASTM D 6751
More than 50% of U.S. manufacturers support B20 or higher blends in at least some of their equipment
Several more are completing testing and progressing toward support for B20 now that new ASTM standards for B6-B20 blends have been published (ASTM D7467)
Most are also recommending use of a BQ-9000 supplier
OEM Biodiesel Blend Approvals
Expected to enter the U.S. diesel market (2010+), blend TBA: Acura, Honda, Hyundai, Mahindra,
Mini Cooper, Nissan, Smart Car, Subaru, Toyota
Approve B5: Audi, BMW, Detroit Diesel,
Freightliner, Isuzu, Kubota, Mack, Mercedes, Volkswagen, Volvo
OEM Biodiesel Blend Approvals Approve B20 or higher on at least some
models: Arctic Cat, Buhler, Case Construction
Equipment, Case IH, Caterpillar, Cummins, Chrysler (Dodge Ram & Sprinter - Fleets Only), Ford (for 2011+ F-Series trucks), General Motors (SEO for fleets only), Hayes Diversified Technologies, John Deere, Navistar/International, Perkins, Toro, Yanmar
Approve B100: Case IH (approx. 50% of models), Fairbanks
Morse, New Holland, Tomcar
For the Latest OEM Updates… Visit:
http://www.biodiesel.org/resources/oemsfor a complete listing of OEM position statements on biodiesel, as well as the current U.S. Diesel Vehicles List
NBB Resourceswww.biodiesel.org
News Releases & Information Resources
Technical Library, Spec Sheets & Videos
OEM Warranty Positions on Biodiesel
U.S. Diesel Vehicle List
www.BQ-9000.org Listing of BQ-9000 Certified Companies
www.biotrucker.comListing of BioTrucker retail sites
www.allthingsbiodiesel.com
Biodiesel merchandise, literature, pump labels and more!
Thank You!For more information or future training opportunities,
contact:
Jennifer WeaverOEM Outreach & Education Program Specialist
For the National Biodiesel BoardEmail: Jennifer_Weaver@me.com
Or Call NBB at 1-800-841-5849