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Biology 393
Final Review!2012
Round 1:The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Question #1
What is the division of cytoplasm called?
Question #2
Region where sister chromatids attach to one another
Question #3
What is the fanlike microtubule structure called that helps direct chromosome movement?
Question #4
What phase of mitosis is shown here?
Question #5
What 3 phases of the cell cycle make up interphase?
Question #6
What is the purpose of mitosis and cell division?
Question #7
What organelle found only in animal cells sends out spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis?
Question #8
In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
Question #1
As cells grows which increases at a greater rate the surface area or volume?
Question #2
What is the difference between haploid and diploid?
Question #3
During which phase of mitosis are sister chromatids separted from each other and pulled to the poles of the cell?
Question #4
L x W x H tells you what about a cube?
Question #5
In which phases of mitosis would you see X shaped chromosomes?
Question #6
How many chromosomes are in human somatic cells?
Question # 7
• What are the 3 checkpoints of the cell cycle?
Round 1 Answers1. cytokinesis2. Centromere3. Spindle4. Metaphase5. G1, S, G26. Produces more cells for growth, repair
and differentiation7. centioles8. S phase (synthesis)
Round 2
1. Volume2. Diploid- two full sets of
chromosomes, somatic cells, Haploid- only one set of chromosomes, sex cells or gametes
3. anaphase4. Volume of the cube5. Prophase and metaphase6. 467. G1, G2, and Mitosis
Round 3:Probability andBasic Genetics
Question #1
A son gets the Y chromosome from which parent?
Question #2
The actual appearance or feature that is shown for a trait is called the ________________
Question #3
If a coin is tossed 3 times what is the probability of getting tails all three times?
Question #4
This Mendelian Principle states that one of the alleles always overpowers the other allele.
Question #5
Which trait disappeared in the F1 generation but then reappeared in the F2 generation?
Question #6
Which of Mendel’s principles states that each parent can only pass on one of the two alleles they have for a trait.
Question #7
The actual alleles an organism possesses for a trait is called the _______________
Question #8
If you rolled a pair of dice what is the chance of getting double 6s?
Question #9
Someone who shows the dominant phenotype could have which possible genotypes?
Question #10
Which of Mendel’s principles explains why a tall plant with purple flowers and a short plant with white flowers could produce an offspring that is tall with white flowers?
Question #11
A specific genetic characteristic that can be inherited
Question #12
Mendel’s term for organisms that were the offspring of two different purebreds
Question #13
If the parental genotype for two traits is AaBb what gamete combinations are possible?
Question #14
A diagram used to show possible outcomes from a cross.
Question #15
When two hybrids are crossed, Aa x Aa, what is the resulting genotypic ratio?
Round 3 Answers:1. The father2. phenotype3. ½ x ½ x ½ = 1/84. Principle of dominance5. recessive6. segregation7. genotype8. 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/369. Homozygous dominant or heterozygous10. Independent assortment 11. Trait 12. hybrid13. AB, Ab, aB, ab14. Punnet square15. 1 AA, 2 Aa, 1 aa
Round 3:More Genetics
Question #1
1 pair of the human chromosomes are the sex chromsomes. What are the other 22 pairs of human chromosomes called?
Question #2
A picture of all the human chromosomes properly paired up is called _____________
Question #3
Why are traits carried on the X chromosome more common in males?
Question #4
Which type of trait typically forms a bell-curve when graphed?
Question #5
If one parent has blood type AB and the other parent has blood type O what are the possible blood types for their child?
Question #6
A diagram that shows inheritance patterns with in a family is called a ______________.
Question #7
When homologous pairs exchange parts of their chromosome it is called ______________
Question #8
If a female has a gene for an X-linked trait but does not show the trait herself she is said to be a _____________
Question #9
Neither allele truly dominates and the heterozygous shows a mix of both traits
Question #10
Because an individual can inherit an A, B or O allele from each parent this type of trait is called ________________
Question #11
Colorblindness and hemophilia are both examples of this type of trait.
Question #12
In this type of trait neither allele overpowers the other and the heterozygous shows BOTH phenotypes
Question #13
What is the probabilty that these parents will have a child with O blood type?
Parents: AO x AB
Question #14
What is the probability that these parents will have a child with B blood type?
Parents: AO x AB
Round 3 Answers:1. autosomes2. karyotype3. Males only have one X chromosome4. Polygenic trait 5. AO, BO6. pedigree7. Crossing over8. carrier9. Incomplete dominance10. Multiple allele trait11. X-linked or sex linked12. codominant13. 0%14. 25%
Round 4: Speed Round!!!
Question #1
What is the result of spermatogenesis?
Question #2
What is this structure called and when does it form?
Question #3
In which phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?
Question #4
Process by which gametes are made
Question #5
What are the four blood types?
Question #6
What did Mendel call the first generation in his plant crosses?
Question #7
What is the likelihood that a particular event will occur?
Question #8
Who is considered the Father of Genetics?
Question #9
What sex chromosome(s) can the egg have?
Speed Round Answers:
1. 4 different sperm2. tetrad3. Mitosis or M phase4. meiosis5. A, B, O and AB6. P generation7. probability8. Mendel9. X
Round 5:DNA, RNA
and Protein Synthesis
Question #1
A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus, determines a trait
Question #2
Name 3 differences between RNA and DNA
Question #3
How do the nitrogenous bases pair up?
Question #4
A ____________ is a set of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid.
Question #5
This enzyme is responsible for the replication of DNA
Question #6
This type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and adds them to the growing polypeptide chain.
Question #7
During this process mRNA is read and a polypeptide chain is formed.
Question #9
What 3 parts make up a DNA nucleotide?
Question #10
The process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template is called __________________
Question #11
The enzyme that unwinds and unzips DNA is called ________________
Question #12
Where does translation occur?
Round 5 Answers:1. gene2. RNA- contains uracil, sugar is ribose, single stranded, 3
kinds DNA- contains thymine, sugar is deoxyribose, double-stranded
3. Adenine- thymine, cytosine- guanine4. codon5. DNA polymerase6. tRNA7. transcription9. sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, nitrogenous base10. Transcription11. helicase12. At a ribosome
Round 6:Evolution
Question #1
Inherited traits that allow an organism to fit better with in its environment are called _______________
Question #2
The two classification groups that make up the scientific name of an organism
Question #3
Organisms that do not have a true nucleus are called __________________
Question #4
The formation of a new species
Question #5
The study of an organisms evolutionary history is called…
Question #6
Random changes to a gene pool in a small population.
Question #7
Also known as Survival of the Fittest
Question #8
Father of Evolution
Question # 9
• What was his voyage called?
Question #10
He is responsible for binomial nomenclature
Question #11
Structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but stem from the same initial tissues
Question #12
Any remnant of a long dead organism found in the Earth
Question #13
What is the scientific name of Humans?
Round 6 Answers:1. adaptations2. genus, species3. prokaryotes4. speciation5. phylogeny6. Genetic drift7. Natural selection 8. Charles Darwin9. Beagle 10. Linneaeus11. Homologous structures12. Fossil13. Homo sapiens
Round 7:Circulation and Respiration
Question #1
Blood in the pulmonary artery will go here next.
Question #2
These vessels have thin walls and valves. Blood moves slowly through them.
Question #3
At their thinnest these vessels one cell thick
Question #4
The job of these blood cells is to function as the immune system
Question #5
The main job of these cells is the transport of oxygen
Question #6
The two types of circulation occurring simultaneously from the heart are…
Question #7
What characteristics of arteries allows them to withstand the pressure of blood surging from the heart?
Question #8
The tube that leads from the pharynx down into the lungs
Question #9
Structure in the trachea that contains the vocal cords
Question #10
Build up of plaque on the inner walls of the arteries
Question #11
Large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts and flattens during inhalation
Question #12
Air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place
Question #13
Blood returning from the body enters which part of the heart?
Question #14
What type of blood vessel surrounds each alveoli?
Question #15
Straw-colored fluid that makes up about 55% of the blood
Round 7 Answers:1. The lungs2. veins3. capillaries4. White blood cells5. Red blood cells6. Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation7. elastic, strong walls8. trachea9. larynx10. Atherosclerosis11. diaphagm12. alveoli13. Right atrium14. capillaries15. plasma
Round 8:Speed Round!
Question #1
What did Griffith call it when one strain of bacteria is altered by the intake of a gene from another bacteria?
Question #2
Proteins found in the nucleus in which DNA coils around in order to condense
Question #3
Any change in DNA sequence
Question #4
Where does transcription occur?
Question #5
Name a vestigial organ in humans
Question #6
The wall that separates the right side of the heart from the left side of the heart
Question #7
System that collects, cleanses and returns leaked fluid from the circulatory system
Question #8
Influenced Darwin by staing that the Earth is continually changing
Question #9
The ship that Darwin sailed on around the world
Question #10
Part of the brain that regulates the level of O2 in the body
THE END
Round 10 Answers:1. transformation2. histone3. mutation4. In the nucleus5. appendix, tail bone6. septum7. Lymphatic system8. Lyell9. The HMS Beagle10. Medula oblongata