Post on 26-Mar-2021
transcript
BIOLOŠKE VODOGRADNJEP5
EKOLOŠKO UREĐENJE I OBNOVA VODOTOKA
Primjena osnovnih principa- Nastavak -
Soil properties
• Različite vegetacijske zone duž korita planinskog potoka
Compaction of streamside soil – may require deep plowing, ripping, or vegetative practices to break up the impermeable layer
Remnant vegetation and woody debris along a stream
A thriving and diverse plant community within a stream corridor
Restoration of understory plant species
Revegetation with the use of deeply planted live cuttings
Kentucky Reservoir watershed
Year 1943.
Year 1991.
Plant Communities
• Underpass design
• Edge vegetative structure
Habitat Measures – Bottom land hardwoods serving as a greentree reservoir
Importance of Beaver to Ripairan Ecosystems
The natural meander of a stream
Low energy system with small bank angles
Example plan and profile of a naturally meandering stream
Grade control structure
A stream meander and raised floodplain
Channel exhibiting accelerated lateral migration
Streambank Restoration: a stabilizrd streambank
Careless Creek
a) Eroded streambank –May 1995.
b) streambank in recovery–December 1997. b)
a)
Eroded bank
Bank failure stages
Cutting systems
Revertment system:Installation of logs with
intact root wads
Partially installed vegetated geogrid
Completed system
Completed system after one year
Instream habitat – suitable water quality, passage routes, and spawing grounds are some of the characteristics of fish habitat
Surveying a stream – Channel surveys establish baseline information needed for restoration design
Instream habitat structure
Instream habitat structure
Major Elements of Restoration Implementation• Review of Plans• Site Preparation• Site Clearing• Installation and
Construction• Site Reclamation
(Cleanup)• Inspection• Maintenance
Silt fence at a construction site
Silt fence instalation guidelines
Straw bale installation guidelines – straw bales are common sediment control measures
Heavy equipment
•Avoid heavy equipment in stream channels unless amsolutely necessary
Heavy equipment
•Lessons to be leard: heavy equipment can quickly reduce a vegetated area to churned earth
Special tank trucks carrying seed, water, and fertilizer can be used in revegetation efforts
Hydroseeding of a
streambank
Treatment of cuts and fills: slope gradient is an important factor in determining appropriate restoration measures
A well – mulched site
Mulching is an effective method for improving the final outcome of stream corridor restoration
A permanent livestock fence
Fencing is an effective, low cost method of providing physical protection to restoration sites
Flood debris
The entire corridor should be inspected annually to detect areas of debris accumulation from flood flows
Revegetation project
Revegetation project after 1 to 2 years postconstruction
Remedial maintenance: soil bioengineering used to repair failing revetment
Accumulated woody debrisRemoval of woody debris may contrary to restoration objectives
Human interest in the stream corridor Aesthetics are a highly
valued benefit associated with a healthy stream corridor
Land Use Scenarios: Sediment – laden stream
Most stream corridor degradation can be attributed to impacts resulting from surrounding land uses
Hypothetical conditions
•Activities causing change in this agricultural setting
•Activities causing change in this agricultural setting
Hypothetical conditions
Hypothetical restoration response
1996. Landslides:up in the April landslide, anddown in the July landslide
Stream corridor:before, and
after restoration
A heavily impacted tributary within the Big Spring Creek watershed
The Big Spring Creek Watershed
The same tributary after restoration
All the flowers of all the tomorrows are in the seeds of today...
Chinese proverb
There will come a time when you believe everything is finished.That will be the beginning...
Louis L´Amour