What are biomaterials???

Definition

• Materials-biocompatible-used to treat or replace the function of bodily tissues or organs.

• Spare parts for use in human body to improve, restore and measure the physical functions and to enhance survival and quality of life.

Biocompatibility

The acceptance of an artificial implant by the surrounding tissues and by the body as a whole.

What is implant???

Role of Biomaterials

Stems from the inability to treat many diseases, injuries and conditions with other therapies or procedures.

IMPLANTS:

Biomaterial structures used to replace, support or enhance a biological structure.

Properties• Biologically inert• Biocompatible• Non allergic• Non viable• Non toxic• Long term replacement must not be

biodegradable.

Performance of biomaterials

Probability of failure of an implant,

r=1-f

r-reliability,f-numerical value.

For multiple modes of failure,

r1=(1-f1), r2=(1-f2),r3=(1-f3),…….

rt=r1*r2*r3*……..rn

CLASSIFICATIONClassification

Ex Merits Demerits Applications

Polymeric Nylon,Si,rubber etc Resilient, easy to fabricate

Not strong, deforms with time and may degrade.

Blood and soln bags, disposal syringes, dialysis devices

Metallic Alloys of Ti,Co,Cr,stainless steel etc

Strong, tough, ductile

Less biocompatibility, may corrode

Bone and joint replacements, surgical instruments,Dental root implants, cardio vascular devices, heart valves.

ceramics Alumina, Zirconia ,Silicone nitrides ,Carbon etc.

Very biocompatible, inert

Brittle , not resilient

Dentistry , orthopedic implants.

composite Carbon-carbon, fiber reinforced bone cement etc.

Strong ,tailor-made

Difficult to fabricate

Joint implants,heart valves.

Applications

Problem Area Examples

To replace diseased or damaged part

Heart, artificial hip joint, kidney dialysis

In healing Sutures, bone plates, drug release

To improve function Cardiac pacemaker, intraocular lens

To correct functional abnormality Spinal rod, artificial tissues

To correct cosmetic problem Facial reconstruction

In diagnosis Probes and catheters

In treatment Catheters, drains

Dental Dental implants

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