BIOMESPP. 105-123

BIOMES Different climates lead to different

communities of organisms, especially vegetation

Average temperature and precipitation

Soil

http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/other-shows/videos/assignment-discovery-shorts-iii-biomes-deserts

/

DESERTSTropical, temperate, polarDetermined by precipitation, not

temperatureLarger deserts are inland on

continentsExtreme temperatures between

day and night

TROPICAL DESERTS Hot, dry year

round Few plants Hard, windblown

sand and rocks (TV Westerns)

Sahara/Namib Africa

http://i.livescience.com/images/i/000/030/972/i02/shutterstock_93404287.jpg?1347483719

More precipitation than tropical

Summer days—high temps

Winter days—low temps.

Mojave—S. CA

TEMPERATE DESERTS

http://ww2.valdosta.edu/~mhmorgan/Mojave%20pic%203.jpg

TEMPERATE DESERTS Drought-resistant

shrubs Cacti/Succulents Animals—Insects,

reptiles, small mammals, predator birds

http://carranzabanuelos3.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/8/3/26838685/5531298_orig.jpg

COLD DESERTSCold winters,

summers warm/hot

Low precipitation

Sparse vegetation

Gobi, Chinahttp://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Travel/Pix/pictures/2012/4/26/1335451740107/The-Gobi-desert-in-Mongol-008.jpg

DESERT PLANT ADAPTATIONSShed leaves in

hot, dry periods to conserve water

Mesquite, creosote

http://texastreeplanting.tamu.edu/treepictures/mesquite_honey.jpg

http://www.redcliffsdesertreserve.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Creosote-bush-in-flower-2.jpg

DESERT PLANT ADAPTATIONS Succulent (fleshy) to

store water in tissues No leaves (no

evapotranspiration Spines reduce water

loss and protect from herbivores

Deep roots to reach groundwater

Saguarohttp://traveladdictsnet.c.presscdn.com/wp-content/uploads/blogger/-AwzhosmtWgE/UZwPnmvkLUI/AAAAAAAAHOI/_ooZo_DRur8/s400/Arizona-Saguaro-Cactus.jpg

DESERT PLANT ADAPTATIONS Evergreen plants

with waxy coating to reduce water loss

Stomata open at night to get carbon dioxide

Texas Mountain Laurel

http://www.indianolatx.com/AIndPics/Plants/laurelpods60366_39.jpg

DESERT ANIMAL ADAPTATIONSSmall, scales NocturnalConcentrated

waste Insects get

water from dew/food

http://blog.uvm.edu/cgoodnig/files/2014/10/fennec-fox.jpg

DESERT SOILS Long recovery period from disturbances Slow plant growth, low species diversity Slow nutrient recycling due to sparse

bacteria Lack of water Nutrient-poor, mineral rich

GRASSLANDSMostly interiors of continents; too

moist for deserts; too dry for forests

Not enough moisture for treesLow precipitation, various average

temperatureshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=q_t15sZh0-s

SAVANNA PLANT ADAPTATIONS o Widely clumped

trees with thorns to protect from herbivores

o Drought and fire resistant

o Deep roots to reach groundwater

http://room42.wikispaces.com/file/view/4savanna.jpg/34448245/499x312/4savanna.jpg

SAVANNA ANIMAL ADAPTATIONS Farsighted, fast Grazing at different

areas to reduce competition

Migration in dry periods

Giraffes, zebra, antelopes, lions, hyenas, humans

http://thegreatsavanna.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/2/8/14284847/4794163.gif?1352213180

DISTRIBUTION Interior of continents North America (prairies) South America (pampas) Eurasia (steppes) Midwestern/West U.S. and Canada

(short-grass and tall-grass prairies)

TUNDRA—POLAR GRASSLANDS PLANT ADAPTATIONS Low-growing to

escape bitter winds; conserve heat

Permafrost—short, shallow roots

Lichens, moss, grass, dwarf shrubs

http://schmoker.org/TundraLife/Photos/MossCampion-cushions-6.jpg

TUNDRA—POLAR GRASSLANDS ANIMAL ADAPTATIONS Migratory birds Thick fur (snowy

fox, oxen) Feathers (snowy

owl) Burrowing

(lemmings) http://www.discovery.com/tv-sh

ows/other-shows/videos/assignment-discovery-shorts-iii-biomes-tundra/

http://thetundrabiome01.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/5/1/18519458/288476185_orig.jpg

MOUNTAIN BIOMESOne-fourth of earth’s land surfaceDramatic changes in altitudes,

climate, soil, vegetation over short distances

Steep slopes create soil erosion (landslides) or humans (timber cutting, agriculture)

ECOLOGICAL ROLES OF MOUNTAINSMajority world’s forest

(biodiversity habitat)Sanctuaries for animal species75% freshwater stored in glacial

ice (most in mountain area)Hydrologic cycle

PLANT ADAPTATIONSShape of trees

shed snowWaxy needles

to reduce water loss

http://cache4.asset-cache.net/gc/108730806-coniferous-trees-with-snow-gettyimages.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=ceKD2LJv%2B89nRRmKG4p7F25lwYzldmzv8rVsukLv7yM%3D

ANIMAL ADAPTATIONS Migratory birds Hibernation Thick coats

http://oakdome.com/k5/lesson-plans/powerpoint/images/taiga-forest-ecosystems/3-taiga-forest-ecosystem.gif

PLANT ADAPTATIONSBroadleaf

evergreens to catch light through dense canopy

Climbing vines to reach sunlight

http://www.apethana.com/gallery/data/media/4/Lianas%20in%20Interior%20of%20Lowland%20Rainforest,%20La%20Selva%20Biological%20Station,%20Costa%20Rica.jpg

ANIMAL ADAPTATIONSBirds with

beaks to eat fruits/nuts

Climbing animals to escape dense vegetation

http://www.animalsinthetropicalrainforest.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Animals-In-The-Tropical-Rainforest1-300x226.jpg

TROPICAL RAINFOREST Nutrient-poor soil Fast decomposition due to moist, warm

climate with plenty of vegetation on forest flower

Fast uptake by dense vegetation creates the nutrient-poor soil

TROPICAL DRY RAINFORESTWarm year round with wet/dry

seasonLower tree heights; less dense

TEMPERATE RAINFOREST Coastal areas with ample rainfall and

moisture from dense ocean fog Ocean moderates climate (mild winters

and cool summers) Coast of North America (Canada to

Northern California)

TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST Moderate average temperature with

changing seasons Long, warm summers and cold (not

severe) winters Abundant precipitation Fertile soil—Slow decomposition with

ample leaf litter builds up nutrients

ANIMAL ADAPTATIONSHibernationMigratory birdsCamouflauge

http://www.buzzle.com/img/articleImages/335617-32323-1.jpg

DEGRADATION OF MOUNTAINSAgricultureTimber extraction Increasing tourismUrban air pollution Increased UV due to ozone

depletionSoil damage from off road vehicles