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BIOSENSORS
Presented by
Dr. HarmanMultani
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BIOSENSORS
Biosensor - biological sensor.
A biosensor is a device for the detection of an analyte that combines a
biological component with a physiochemical detector component.
Analyte: The compound which has to be sensed or the presence ofwhich has to be determined.
Sensor:An analytical device which functions to analyse a samplefor the presence of a specific compound
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COMPONENTS OF BIOSENSOR
A biosensor mainly consists of two parts
(i) A Biological part: enymes!antibodies
etc.. interacts analyte particles a
Pysical cange .
(ii) A Transducer part: collectsinformation from the biological part!
converts! amplifies and display them.
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PARTS OF BIOSENSOR
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"n principle! any biomolecule or molecular
assembly that has the capability of recogniingthe analyte can be used as a bioreceptor.
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FAT!ER OF BIOSENSORSPro"essor #elan$ C Clar% &nr '(')*+,,
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First escri/tion o" Biosensor
#lar$ and %yons proposed the conceptfor measuring glucose levels in &'
The first commercially successful
glucose biosensor using #lar$s
technology was the *ellow +prings
"nstrument for the direct
measurement of glucose in &',-
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0#1COSE BIOSENSORS
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!istory O" Biosensors
'('23First re/ort on i44obili5ation o" /roteins 3a$sor/tion o"in6ertase on acti6ate$ carcoal
'(++3 First glass /! electro$e
'(2 3 Clar% /7blise$ is $e"initi6e /a/er on te o8ygenelectro$e.
'(2+3 First $escri/tion o" a biosensor3 An a4/ero4etric en5y4eelectro$re "or gl7cose 9Clar%:
'(2(3 07ilba7lt an$ Montal6o * First /otentio4etric biosensor37rease i44obili5e$ on an a44onia electro$e to $etect 7rea
'(;,3Berg6el$ * Ion selecti6e Fiel$ E""ect Transistor 9ISFET:
'(;3 #7bbers an$ O/it5 $escribe$ a "ibre-o/tic sensor
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'(); Bloo$-gl7cose biosensor la7nce$ by
Me$iSense E8actest
'((, SPR base$ biosensor by Par4acia BIACore
'((+ !an$ el$ bloo$ biosensor by i-STAT
'((2 #a7ncing o" 0l7cocar$
'(() Bloo$ gl7cose biosensor la7nc by #i"eScanFastTa%e
'(() Roce iagnostics by Merger o" Roce an$ Boeringer4annei4
C7rrent =7anto4 $ots> nano/aricles> nanonanot7be> etc
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C#ASSIFICATION OF BIOSENSORS
Transducer
Mode of interaction
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On te basis o" Trans$7cer
(i) lectrochemical Biosensor
(ii) /ptical Biosensors
(iii) lectronic Biosensors (iv) 0ieoelectric Biosensors
(v) 1ravimetric Biosensors
(vi)0yoelectric Biosensors
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Various possible cobinations of biocoponents andtransducer tec!ni"ues
electroc!eical detection # used proinently
Advantages: lo$ detection liits # sall saples %olues&
siple' lo$ cost and in situ analysis &
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(nalyte ) *iosensor
+on%erted
,i-nals
(pli.ed
/isplayed
CHEMICAL
ELECTRICA
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MOE OF INTERACTION
Catalytic Biosensor
Biological material(enymes)2Analyte
3odification of Analyte
4ew chemical compound
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A""inity Biosensor Analyte2Biomolecule
Biological molecule: Antibodies!nucleic acids etc.
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ESSENTIA# PROPERTIES OF
A BIOSENSOR3
(i:S/eci"icity3 specific to the analyte .
9ii: 7rability: withstand repeated usage.
9iii: In$e/en$ent nat7re:not affected by
temperature! p5 etc.
9i6: Stability in results
96: Ease o" 7seand trans/ort 19
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MEC!ANISM OF ACTION
Bio4olec7le
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APP#ICATIONS OF BIOSENSORS
#linical diagnosis and biomedicine6arm! garden and veterinary analysis0rocess control: fermentation control and analysis
6ood and drin$ production and analysisMicrobiology3 bacterial an$ 6iral analysis0harmaceutical and drug analysis"ndustrial effluent control0ollution control and monitoring3ining! industrial and to7ic gases3ilitary applications
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BIOSENSORS FOR T!E ETECTION OF
FOO BORNE PAT!O0ENIC BACTERIA
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MA&OR FOO BORNE PAT!O0ENS
ETECTE B? BIOSENSORS
Ca4/ylobacterSal4onella
#isteria 4onocytogenes
Escericia coli 9E. coli: O';3!;
Sta/ylococc7s a7re7s
Bacill7s cere7s
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lectrochemical biosensors! has beenproved to be a promising method for
foodborne pathogenic bacteria detection
8ue to its 0ortability
9apidity
+ensitivity
/nthespot 8etection
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i""erent Ty/es O" Biorece/tors
1se$ In Electroce4ical Biosensors
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Antibo$y sensors
Biosensors based on directlyimmobiliing antibodies on the surface of
an electrode for the detection of bacteria
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The antibody sensor can be
used to detect E. coli O';by
using anti .coli antibodies.
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N1C#EIC ACI SENSORS
n t!e case of nucleic acid asbioreceptor
identi.cation of a tar-et analytesnucleic acid is ac!ie%ed byatc!in- t!e copleentary base
pairs t!at are often t!e -eneticcoponents of an or-anis&
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Any selfreplicating microorganism canbe easily identified. 4ucleic acid based
biosensors for rapid and selective
detection of Bacill7s antracis
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Bacterio/age Sensors
#an recognie specific sites on the
bacterium surface to which they bind and
in;ect genetic materialThe recognition is highly specific! it can be
used for the typing of bacteria
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A@ANTA0ES
9apidly and selectively detect targetbacteria.
#an tolerate variety of harsh conditions!
such as under acidic or basic p5 changesetc..
+hows e7cellent specificity for target
bacteria E. coli incl7$ingSal4onella>#isteria
4onocytogens>Ca4/ylobacter s/ecies.
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#ECTIN BIOSENSORS
0lant or Animal 1lycoproteins.
Bind selectively and reversibly with
polysaccharide components of bacterialcell surface
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MICROBIA# BIOSENSOR
A microbial biosensor is an analyticaldevice that immobilies microorganisms
onto a transducer for the detection of
target analytes.
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Bacteria and *easts ma$e up ma;ority ofthe microbes that are used in 3icrobial
Biosensors
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%ist of 3icrobes used in 3icrobial
Biosensors
*eastB. subtilis
T. candida
0. putida
=. o7ytoca
B. subtilis (heat $illed)
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+erratia marcescens0seudomonas sp.
0. putida
B. %icheniformis1. subo7ydans
#. tropicalis
A. niger+. ellipsoideus
1. o7ydans
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. coli =& >9ecombinant 3ora7ella
9ecombinant 0. putida
+. cerevisiaeT. ferroo7idans
0. fluorescents
0seudomonas and Archromobacter
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etection Base$ on Metabolites Pro$7ce$
by Bacterial Cells as a Res7lt o" 0ro
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Ne< 0eneration Biosensors
Nano4aterialsand Micro"l7i$sareemerging subdiscipline in chemistry used
in impedimetric biosensors to amplify
detection signal and achieve lowerdetection limit
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Nanomaterials Microorganism Electrode
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g
(u Ps ,ulfate#reducin-
bacteria
foa i electrode
e34 Ps Campylobacter jejuni +
(u Ps Salmonella Spp. +
Ti2 nano$ire bundle Listeria monocytogenes (u icroelectrodes
reduced -rap!enes!eets
,ulfate#reducin-bacteria
+
aluinu anodiedoide :((; nanoporeebranes
E. coli O157:H7 (u electrode
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Nanomaterials Microorganism Electrode
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aluina nanoporousebrane
E. coli O157:H7 Platinu electrode
carbon nano.ber :+;
nanoelectrode array:(;
E. coli ITO
a-netic nanoparticles E. coli O157:H7 /(M
a-netic nanoparticles E. coli O157:H7 /(M $it! icro
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Biosensors "or 6iral $etection
+tudies have been going on for use ofbiosensors in detection of some viruses
li$e influena virus? hepatitis B virus&
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ete8 Patogen etection Tecnology
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