Biotechnology

Biotech

• Use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products

Biotech

• Determining sex• Forensic/identity testing• Prenatal diagnostic

screening• Risk of developing adult-

onset cancers• Predicting adult-onset

disorders.

Biotech

• Today in our lab, biotech in action……………..

Blood Typing

• A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs)

Blood Typing

• An antigen is a substance or molecule that, when introduced into the body, triggers the production of an antibody by the immune system.

Blood typing

• Antibody: a protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses

• Each antibody recognizes a specific antigen unique to its target

Blood Typing

• antigens are bacteria or virus that can cause an illness

• antibodies are part of the immune system and identify and fight against the foreign bacteria

Blood Typing

• There are two different types of antigen – type "A" – type "B“

• The ABO blood type classification system uses the presence or absence of these molecules to categorize blood into four types:

Blood Typing

• ABO blood group system– The ABO system is the most important blood-group

system in human-blood transfusion

AB

ABO

Blood Typing

• Examples:– Blood Group A• If you belong to the blood group A, you have A antigens

on the surface of your red blood cells and B antibodies in your blood plasma

Blood Typing

• Examples:– Blood Group B• If you belong to the blood group B, you have B antigens

on the surface of your red blood cells and A antibodies in your blood plasma

Blood Typing

• Examples:– Blood Group AB• If you belong to the blood group AB, you have both A

and B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and no A or B antibodies in your blood plasma.

Blood Typing

• Examples:– Blood Group O• If you belong to the blood group O, you have neither A

or B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and but you have both A and B antibodies in your blood plasma

• How can you tell if antigens are present?

• Agglutination is the clumping of particles.

The clumping together of red blood cells usually in response to a particular antigen ( virus or bacteria).

Blood Type

• Eldon Card for testing blood type• The Agglutinated circle shows you what blood type you are. • Blood group A

• No agglutination *With agglutination

Blood Typing

• Blood types are inherited and represent contributions from both parents

Blood Typing

• Rh blood group system• The Rh system is the second most significant

blood-group system in human-blood transfusion

• 1937 –Rhesus monkeys

Blood Typing

• Have the antigen Rh +

• Don’t have the antigen Rh –

• Important?

» Erythroblastosis fetalis

Biotech

• Gel Electrophoresis– a process which enables the sorting of molecules

based on size

Biotech

• Reading and autoradiograph– Who done it?

Biotech

• Reading and autoradiograph– Paternity testing

BiotechReading and autoradiograph

(Suspect 2 is guilty)

BiotechReading and autoradiograph