Post on 28-Nov-2014
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Blood Grouping ReagentsBlood Grouping Reagents
•DocumentationFull nameDate of birthHospitalHospital reference numberSample collection datePhlebotomist s initials
History of Blood Groups and Blood Transfusions
•Experiments with blood transfusions have been carried out for hundreds of years. Many patients have died and it was not until 1901, when the Austrian Karl Landsteiner discovered human blood groups, that blood transfusions became safer.
• He found that mixing blood from two individuals can lead to blood clumping. The clumped RBCs can crack and cause toxic reactions. This can be fatal.
• Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood clumping was an immunological reaction which occurs when the receiver of a blood transfusion has antibodies against the donor blood cells.
•Karl Landsteiner's work made it possible to determine blood types and thus paved the way for blood transfusions to be carried out safely. For this discovery he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1930.
History of Blood Groups and Blood Transfusions (Cont.)
Agglutination reactions
•Agglutination
4 (++++) 3 (+++) 2 (++)
1 (+) ( >20 RBC) Braket (+) ( 12_20 RBC ) Weak (w) ( 4_6 ) Negative
Mixed field ?
Haemolysis
o 4 شفاف کامال دادن تکان از بعد و قرمز رویی محلول است
h
o 3+h
o 3h
o 2h
o 1 h
o (+)h
oWh
o Negative
H
A
B
Blood group BIf you belong to the blood group B, you have B antigens on the surface of your RBCs and A antibodies in your blood plasma.
Blood group AIf you belong to the blood group A, you have A antigens on the surface of your RBCs and B antibodies in your blood plasma.
Blood group OIf you belong to the blood group O (null), you have neither A or B antigens on the surface of your RBCs but you have both A and B antibodies in your blood plasma.
Blood group ABIf you belong to the blood group AB, you have both A and B antigens on the surface of your RBCs and no A or B antibodies at all in your blood plasma
V1 × 100
%(5 or 20)= V
تهیه طرزسوسپانسیون
تهیه طرزسوسپانسیون
/4 × 100
5= 8
1. Test-tube group2. Test-tube group:immediate spin3. Tile group4. Saline room temperature technique
Test-tube group
/3 × 100
3= 10
Anti-
ABAnti-
ABAnti-
AAnti-
A Anti-
BAnti-
BA1
A2 BO
RT=18-22 for one hour
Reagent Reagent Patient 1
Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-AB
Patient 2 Patient 3 Patient 4
Own control
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+A 1
A 2
B +
O
Group
+
_
_
_ _
_ _ _ _
_ _
_
_
_
_ _
_
_
_
A B AB O
_
Test-tube group : immediate spin
Anti-
A Anti-B
Anti
-AB
%3 %3%3
One minute at 200 g
Anti-
AAnti
-B Anti
-AB
10%40%
Anti-
A1Anti-
A1
Anti-
A1 Anti-
A1
%3%3
InterpretationDolichos Biflorus
A1 , A1B
A2 , A2B
+
_
شده شناخته سلولهای با را سرمها A2و A1آنتیکنید کنترل
Rh D typingRh D typing
Anti-D+CAnti-D+C+E
Saline anti-DIncomplete anti-D Rh D typing controls
D positive cell control
D negative cell control
AB serum control with cells under test
Anti-D Anti-D AB Interpretation
1 4
4
--------------
Rh D positive
2 ------ --------------- -------------
Rh D negative
3 weak 1 -------------
Repeat tests
4 4
-------- -----------------
Repeat tests
5 4 4 3 Check DAT