Post on 01-Nov-2019
transcript
BONE MARROW/
STEM CELL
TRANSPLANT
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Bone marrow is a spongy material that is found inside the bones (particularly the pelvic
bones). Stem cells are blood cells formed at the earliest stage of development in the bone
marrow. When the cells are fully mature they are released into the bloodstream. Bone
marrow produces the cells which develop into the three different types of blood cells: Red
blood cells, white blood cells and the platelets. Normally, most of the stem cells in the body
are in the bone marrow and there are only very small numbers of these cells found in the
bloodstream.
The bones of the hip, chest (sternum/breastbone) and pelvis contain the largest amount of
marrow and stem cells in an adult. Bone Marrow was earlier used as a source of stem cells,
when it was demonstrated that few stem cells also circulate in the bloodstream. These are
called Peripheral Blood Stem Cells (PBSCs).
1 WHAT IS BONE MARROW?
When the stem cells are collected
from the bone marrow the
transplant that follows is called
Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) and
when peripheral blood is used as
the source of stem cells, the
transplant that follows is called
Per ipheral B lood Stem Cel l
T r a n s p l a n t ( P B S C T ) . T h i s
revolutionary technique changed
the scenario of transplant as it
meant the avoidance of OT,
Anesthesia and the discomfort
associated with Bone Marrow
harvest to the donor. PBSCT is the
preferred mode of transplant.
BMT is done sparingly when SCT is
not possible.
2WHAT IS BONE MARROW/STEM CELL TRANSPLANT?
3 WHO NEEDS BONE MARROW/STEM CELL TRANSPLANT?
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT)/Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a life saving
treatment for variety of diseases including blood cancers like leukemia, lymphoma,
Myeloma etc as well as benign disorders like aplastic anemia and thalassaemia.
The goal of cancer treatment such as radiation is to destroy cancer cells. Unfortunately,
bone marrow and healthy cells are also destroyed in the process. Also, the cure rate of
Hematological malignancies with chemotherapy is not 100 percent.
The Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
(PBSCT) are procedures that restore stem cells that have been destroyed by high doses of
chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.
4WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF STAY?
In Autologous Transplant,
patient has to stay in the
hospital for 3 to 4 weeks. The
Allogeneic Transplant requires 4
to 6 weeks of stay in the hospital.
The doctor will require seeing
you on regular and periodic
basis as an outpatient following
discharge for the next few
months. Hence international
patients require staying in India
for 4 months including the
hospital stay.
The Follow Up Care
The treating doctor provides
instructions for the follow-up
c a r e , m e d i c a t i o n s a n d
information on preventing
infections. After transplant, the reintegration into life outside the hospital is a big step. It will
take time, as well as patience and understanding with yourself and others, to successfully
negotiate this last part of treatment.
5 WHAT IS ROLE OF BMT IN LEUKEMIA?
Treatment of acute leukemia is very challenging. It requires availability of sophisticated
diagnostic laboratory for accurate diagnosis of disease. Treatment of leukemia requires
prolonged hospitalization, use of chemotherapy, extensive transfusion support and carries
significant risk of infections. Treatment of leukemia is best done at transplant centers to
support patients in the event of failure of chemotherapy. Allogeneic transplant is the only
option for such patients.
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