Post on 13-Jan-2015
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BRAND EXTENSIONS
12.1
Leverage the Brand
• Over time, tight economic conditions, a need for growth and other factors forced the firms to rethink their one brand one product policies.
• Companies have started recognizing that one of their most valuable assets is their brands
• So they have decided to leverage their brands by introducing host of new products under some of their strongest brand names.
12.2
Introduction of new products
• New brand for new product
• Use of existing brand for the new product
• Combination of the new brand and the existing brand
(Second and the third options are related to brand extension)
12.3
Brand Extensions
• When a firm uses an established brand name to introduce a new product
• Some Important terms– Parent Brand (Existing brand that gives birth to the
brand extension)– Sub Brand (When a new brand is combined with
the existing brand)– Family Brand (When a parent brand is associated
with multiple products through brand extensions)
12.4
Ansoff’s Growth Share Matrix
CurrentCurrent
ProductsProductsNewNew
ProductsProducts
CurrentCurrent
MarketsMarkets
Market Market penetration penetration
strategystrategy
Product Product development development
strategystrategy
NewNew
MarketsMarkets
Market Market development development
strategystrategy
DiversificatioDiversification strategyn strategy
12.5
Brand Extensions
• Brand extension classification
– Line extension• Using a sub-brand to target a new market segment
within the same product category
– Category extension• Using the parent brand in a different product category
12.6
Advantages of Extensions• Facilitate new product acceptance
– Improve brand image (Sony Vaio)
– Reduce risk perceived by customers
– Increase the probability of gaining distribution and trial
– Increase efficiency of promotional expenditures (Introductory campaigns do not have to create awareness both for the brand and the new product)
12.7
Advantages of Extensions
– Reduce costs of introductory and follow-up marketing programs (from product distribution perspective)
– Avoid cost of developing a new brand
– Allow for packaging and labeling efficiencies (Similar packaging and labeling)
– Permit consumer variety seeking
12.8
Advantages of Extensions (Cont.)
• Provide feedback benefits to parent brand– Clarify brand meaning (ESPN, Kellogs)
– Enhance the parent brand image (Nike, Apple)
– Bring new customers into brand franchise and increase market coverage
– Revitalize the brand
12.9
Disadvantages of Extensions• Can confuse or frustrate consumers• Can encounter retailer resistance• Can fail and hurt parent brand image (Audi 5000)• Can succeed but cannibalize sales of parent brand
(Coke & Diet Coke)• Can succeed but diminish identification with any one
category (Yamaha, Virgin brand)• Can dilute brand meaning (Disney, Virgin)• Can cause the company to forgo the chance to develop
a new brand (Touchstone, Disney)
12.10
Understanding How Customers Evaluate Brand Extensions
• Conditions that should hold true to result in favorable evaluation of an extension
– Consumers have some awareness of and positive associations about the brand in memory
– At least some of these positive associations are evoked by the brand extension
– Negative associations are not transferred from the parent brand
– Negative associations are not created by the brand extension
12.11
Creating Extension Equity
1. Salience of parent brand associations in the minds of consumers in the extension context
2. Favorability of any inferred associations in the extension context
3. Uniqueness of any inferred associations in the extension context
4. Always remember to create POP & POD12.12
Successful Extensions
• Must create points-of-parity and points-of-difference in extension category– Must recognize competitive reactions
• Must enhance points-of-parity and points-of-difference of parent brand
• Must maximize the advantages and minimize the disadvantages of brand extensions
12.13
Contributing to Parent Brand Equity• How compelling the evidence is concerning the
corresponding attribute or benefit association in the extension context
• How relevant or diagnostic the extension evidence is concerning the attribute or benefit for the parent brand
• How consistent the extension evidence is with the corresponding parent brand associations
• How strong existing attribute or benefit associations are held in consumer memory for the parent brand
12.14
• Vertical Brand extensions– Where the brand is extended up into more
premium market segments or down into more value conscious segments• Ex: Nokia, Cannon, Sony
12.15
• Feature Fatigue– Page 526-527 “Strategic Brand Management”
12.16
Thank You
12.17
Evaluating Brand Extension Opportunities
• Define actual and desired consumer knowledge about the brand
• Identify possible extension candidates• Evaluate the potential of the extension
candidate– The likelihood that the extension will realize the
advantages and avoid the disadvantages of brand extensions. As with any new product, analysis of consumer, corporate, and competitive factors can be useful.
12.18
Evaluating Brand Extension Opportunities
• Design marketing programs to launch extension– Building brand equity for a brand extension
requires choosing brand elements, designing the optimal marketing program to launch the extension, and leveraging secondary associations.
• Evaluate extension success and effects on parent brand equity
12.19
When are brand extensions appropriate?
• If they see some basis of “fit” or similarity between the proposed extension and parent brand
• The major mistake in evaluating extension opportunities is failing to take all of consumers’ brand knowledge structures into account.
• Often, marketers mistakenly focus on only one brand association and ignore other potentially important brand associations in the process.
12.20
Evaluating Brand Extension Opportunities
• Define actual and desired consumer knowledge about the brand
• Identify possible extension candidates• Evaluate the potential of the extension
candidate• Design marketing programs to launch
extension• Evaluate extension success and effects on
parent brand equity12.21