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www.adkinvasives.com

Brant Lake Aquatic

Invasive Species

TrainingBrant Lake, NY July 30th,

2010

Tyler Smith

Aquatic Invasive Species Coordinator

Adirondack Park Invasive Plant Program

Objectives

• Outline Invasive Species

Problem

• What is APIPP?

• Describe Aquatic

Species

• Spread Prevention

• Brant Lake Update

• Management

• Let’s look at some plants!

What’s the Difference?

1. Native Species• Species indigenous to a region at the time of European

settlement

2. Non-native Species (Exotic, Introduced, Alien)

• Accidental or purposeful introduction of a species

outside of its historic range

3. Invasive Species (Noxious)

• Species that rapidly reproduces, displaces native species

and causes ecological, economic or societal harm

4. Nuisance Species (Weed)

• Species that interferes with human activities

♦ Provide food

♦ Provide shelter and spawning habitat

♦ Produce oxygen

♦ Protect shoreline

♦ Stabilize sediments

♦ Reduce turbidity

♦ Transport nutrients

♦ Support diversity

Benefits of Native PlantsBenefits of Native Plants

Characteristics of Invasive Plants

♦ Lack predators, parasites, and disease to limit growth

♦ Produce many small seeds and reproduce early

♦ May reproduce both by seed and vegetative growth

♦ Have few special seed germination requirements

♦ “Generalists” capable of colonizing a wide range of sites

♦ Monopolize resources such as light and nutrients

♦ May produce toxins that suppress the growth of other plants

Water Chestnut, Lake Champlain

Eurasian watermilfoil, Eagle Lake

http://dnr.wi.gov/invasives

Jeff Gunderson, Minnesota Sea Grant

Acre

s I

nfe

ste

d

Eradication

simple

Plant absent

Era

dic

ati

on

feasib

le

Era

dic

ati

on

un

likely

,

inte

nse e

ffo

rt r

eq

uir

ed

Scattered

locations

Numerous

locations

At or near biological potential

Local control and

management only

Invasive Plant Increase Over Time and Control Potential

Co

ntr

ol C

osts

Introduction

Time

Detection

Acre

s I

nfe

ste

d

Eradication

simple

Plant absent

Era

dic

ati

on

feasib

le

Era

dic

ati

on

un

likely

,

inte

nse e

ffo

rt r

eq

uir

ed

Scattered

locations

Numerous

locations

At or near biological potential

Local control and

management only

Invasive Plant Increase Over Time and Control Potential

Co

ntr

ol C

osts

Public awareness

typically begins

Introduction

Time

Detection

Nonnative Fishes -

Historic Conditions

Relatively few fish species in interior waters

“Yellow perch, smallmouth and largemouth

basses, the northern pike, the chain pickerel…

…and many other species were then almost

endlessly dumped upon the Adirondack uplands.”

Impacts of non-native fishes

• Ecosystem altered by “top-down” cascading

effects.

• Predation and competition cause severe

declines in brook trout and round whitefish.

• 1890: “…are found in nearly all the salmon

and trout lakes in the Adirondacks.”

• Now: Seven waters (scarce in most) plus

some recent stockings.

Management of

non-native fishes

• Regulations

• New bait regulations

• Green list

• Restrict overland transport

• Education

• Fish barriers

• Reclamation with rotenone (fish pesticide)

Core Functions

Coordination

Volunteer Training

Detection / Response

Management

Education

Citizen science research

Partnerships for Regional Invasive

Species Management (PRISMs)

Our Mission

To Protect the Adirondack Region

from the Negative Impacts of

Non-native Invasive Species

APIPP

Coordinates Two Projects

Terrestrial Invasive Species Project

Aquatic Invasive Species Project

Purple loosestrife Eurasian watermilfoil

Photo by

Gordon Keyes

APIPP Objectives

1. Prevent new invasions.Increase public awareness and involvement to

prevent the spread of invasive plant species.

2. Rapidly detect and eradicate infestations.Coordinate regional invasive plant inventory and

monitoring program utilizing staff and volunteers.

3. Manage established infestations.Facilitate the management, containment, and

control of priority invasive plant infestations.

Monitoring

Management

Education

Partnerships

Adirondack Mountain Club

Au Sable River Association

Boquet River Association

Clinton and Essex County Master Gardeners

Cornell Cooperative Extension

Darrin Fresh Water Institute

Federal Highways Administration

Franklin County Network of Shoreline Associations

Hamilton County Soil and Water Conservation District

Lake Champlain Basin Program

Lake Champlain Sea Grant

Lake George Association

Lake George Land Conservancy

Paul Smiths College Watershed Stewards Program

Residents Committee to Protect the Adirondacks

Student Conservation Association

SUNY Plattsburgh

Adirondack Council

Adirondack North Country Association

CAP-21

Department of Agriculture and Markets

Garden Club of AmericaLake George Park Commission

St. Regis Mohawk Tribe

SUNY ESF Wanakena

Town of Inlet

Town of Webb, DPW

Trout Unlimited

Upper Saranac Lake Foundation

HC SWCD staff assist yellow iris controls

Adirondack Volunteers!

Prevention, Early Detection,

and Rapid Response are

the Keys to Successful

Eradication!

Lakes

Surveyed

and

Plant

Distribution

As of May 2010:

Total Number of Waters Infected:

74

Total Number of Volunteers:

392

Total Number of Lakes Surveyed:

243

Opportunity Exists

27 41 46 47 49 51 51 53 740

3970

104131

150 171 182

204

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2001 (Pre-volunteer surveys)

2002 (Year 1 of

volunteer surveys)

2003 (Year 2)

2004 (Year 3)

2005 (Year 4)

2006 (Year 5)

2007 (Year 6)

2008 (Year 7)

2009 (Year 8)

Number of Infested Lakes and Weed-Free Lakes in the Adirondack Park, 2001-2009

Cumulative # of weed free lakes Cumulative # of Infected Lakes

Yellow Floating Heart

Nymphoides peltata

European Frog-Bit

Hydrocharus morsus-ranae

Eurasian Watermilfoil

Myriophyllum spicatum

Water Chestnut

Trapa natans

Curlyleaf Pondweed

Potamogeton crispus

Fanwort

Cabomba caroliniana

Aquatic Invasive Plants

in the Adirondacks

Variable leaf Watermilfoil

Myriophyllum

heterophyllum

Brittle Naiad

Najas minor

And we also have…..

Eurasian

Watermilfoil

Eurasian watermilfoil underwater.

Variable-leaf MilfoilMyriophyllum heterophyllum

Water

Chestnut

Water

Chestnut

nutlets

Fanwort

Curlyleaf

Pondweed

Chris Evans, River to River CWMA, Bugwood.org

European

Frogbit

New Zealand Delaware River

Rock Snot

Didymo geminiscapa

Battenkill, Esopus, Kaydeross, Mad

River (VT), Gihon River (VT)!

Spiny Waterflea

TenchZebra Mussel

Photos contributed by Lake Champlain Sea Grant

Asian Clam

Round Goby

Pathways Ballast

Nurseries / Ornamentals

Aquaria / Water Gardens / Pet Trade

School releases

Roadways

Vehicles / watercraft

Canals

Clothing / Gear / Equipment

Fill, mulch material

Disturbance

Firewood

Wildlife

Wind / Waterways

Disturbed Areas

Watercraft Ornamentals

Roadway Corridors

How are invasive species

introduced and spread?

Ballast Water -

California Sea Grant Extension Program (2002)

Physical Handpulling, cutting,

matting

Chemical

Biological

Cultural

Revegetation

Do Nothing

Management Techniques

Divers in

Upper

Saranac

Lake

Spread Prevention

Shoreowner education

Signage (boat launch) State

Municipal

Private

Stewards (boat launch) Paid

Volunteer

Stations (boat wash) Lake George

Upper St. Regis

Stations (disposal) Buck Pond

Lake Flower

Lake Placid

Surveys Paid

Volunteer

Spread Prevention

Shoreowner education

Signage (boat launch) State

Municipal

Private

Stewards (boat launch) Paid

Volunteer

Stations (boat wash) Lake George

Upper St. Regis

Stations (disposal) Buck Pond

Lake Flower

Lake Placid

Surveys Paid

Volunteer

2009Paradox Lake Milfoil Survey Plan

Avoid boating through invasive plant beds

Never release unwanted bait into a waterbody

Never move fish from one water to another without the proper permits

Clean off your boat / remove vegetation

Clean out / disinfect live wells

Check your boat before you float!

Spread Prevention Continued

Check and remove any visible mud, plants, fish, or organisms from boats, trailers, equpiment, etc.

Clean and eliminate water from equipment

Dry anything that comes in contact with water

Never release plants, fish, or other animals into a waterway unless they came from that waterway.

Spread Prevention Protocol

Brant Lake, New York

Action Plan

for

Milfoil Issue

Our approach

Similar to fighting weeds in regular garden:

Identify and locate

Surveying

Reports from locals

Head-A-Bed

Remove or kill

Hand harvesting and Benthic matting with

Volunteers

AIM

Results of our approach

Where are we NOW compared to where we

would be if we had taken NO ACTION…

Maps over time without action

2009

Where we were at the end of 2009

2009

Tools for YOU to help

If you find a bed or “Head”-A-Bed Call it into 518/532-4454 or write to

lynchte71@yahoo.com

If you are a diver and want to help Sign up on our website and write

Luc.aalmans@gmail.com to set up a dive event

If you are a volunteer Sign up on our website and help as surface crew or

other

All info is available on:

www.BrantLakeMilfoil.org

Action Plan for 2010

Goals

All known beds contained

No large dense growth anywhere

Many old benthic mats removed

New beds under control

Shallow hand harvesting team self-sufficient

Head-a-bed revamped

All volunteers committed for next year

Agreement on boat launch

Help

AIM – Five or six weeks

Hand harvesting in line sweep

Our Divers – “Every” Saturday from 10AM till 1PM

Cover dense areas, IF ANY, with benthic

mats

Focus on small localized beds

Remove mats

You – As much and as often as you can

Your Help Needed

Head-a-bed (Name…)

Assisting our divers (All)

Refurbishing recovered mats (All)

Kayakers / boaters to look for beds (Name…)

Milfoil awareness and fundraising (Name…)

Shallow water harvesting, 0-3 feet (Name…)

Water Keeper / Water Steward (Terry Lynch)

Your Help Needed

Liaison to Paul Smith College, APPIP,

APC, State, etc. (Karen Meltzer)

Project Manager (Dave King)

Mapping the lake bottom (Harvey Leidy)

APA permit process (Doug Paton)

Boat launch (Doug Paton)

Other methods (Dave King & Irv Freedman) Weevil, Suction, Chemicals, Current permits, etc.

www.BrantLakeMilfoil.org

Thank you

for

Your help

An in Depth Look at

Management:

www.ecy.wa.gov/.../images/weedrake.jpg

ww.novalek.com/.../images/talking_plants.jpg

Physical Handpulling, cutting,

matting

Management Techniques

Divers in

Upper

Saranac

Lake

http://thefallworkshop.com/skaneateles-new-york-2009/stories/andrew-burton-

milfoil-skaneateles-ny.html

http://www.skanmilfoil.com/video.php

A few interesting videos that highlight

mechanical/physical management

techniques:

Chemical

Management Techniques

Divers in

Upper

Saranac

Lake

Biological

Management Techniques

Divers in

Upper

Saranac

Lake

- Sterile Grass Carp

- Milfoil Weevil

Cultural

Management Techniques

Divers in

Upper

Saranac

Lake

Revegetation

Management Techniques

Divers in

Upper

Saranac

Lake

In my opinion this is the most under-utilized

management technique.

www.aquarticles.com/.../p20c%20Plants.jpg

Do Nothing

Management Techniques

Divers in

Upper

Saranac

Lake

www.lakehubert.org , Lake Hubert, MN

www.adkinvasives.com

Hilary Smith, Director

hsmith@tnc.org

X131

Tyler Smith, Aquatics

Tyler_smith@tnc.org

518-576-2082

X119

Steven Flint, Terrestrial

sflint@tnc.org

X120

Brendan Quirion, Terrestrial

bquirion@tnc.org

Gus Goodwin, Steward

ggoodwin@tnc.org

The APIPP Team