Brief Overview of Macromolecules

DNA, RNA, and Proteins

What is “genomics”?

--The systematic study of the genome using large-scale DNA sequencing, gene-expression analysis, or computational methods.

Genome: the total complement of genes contained in a cell or virus, commonly used to refer to all genes present in one complete haploid set of chromosomes in eukaryotes.

Genome Sizes

•Saccharomyces cerevisiae 13 Mb

•Drosophila melanogaster 120 Mb

•Homo sapiens 3,200 Mb

•Fern 160,000 Mb

•Amoeba dubia 670,000 Mb

DNA Structure

Base / nucleotide pair: a pair of nitrogenous bases, most commonly one purine and one pyrimidine, held together by hydrogen bonds in a double stranded region of a nucleic acid molecule.

Purines vs. Pyrimidines

Nucleosides and Nucleotides

DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid

adenosineATP

Polynucleotide Chain

The Double Helix

RNA vs. DNA

                                                

RNA Structure

Single stranded

Summary of DNA vs. RNA

Protein Structure

Made up of amino acid chain.

Peptides