Post on 15-Jan-2016
transcript
British English Vowels(RP)
LAX VOWELS
TENSE VOWELS
LAX VOWELS
close
front back
open 4
KIT
DRESS
TRAP
STRUTLOT
FOOT
5
CLOSE (HIGH)
BA
CKF
RO
NT
OPEN (LOW)6
• The 6 lax vowels are ALWAYS SHORT
• fen fen• bit bit• not not• very veröld• clever klefi
preview:
• The 6 lax vowels are ALWAYS SHORT
• fen fenn• bit• not• very verry• television tellevision
(“telly”)
preview:
8
• The 6 lax vowels are ALWAYS SHORT
• fen fenn• bit bitt.....?• not nott....?• very verry• television tellevision
(“telly”)
preview:
9
• English vowels MUST NOT BE PREASPIRATED
• not nott (noht)• bit bitt (biht)• stop stopp (stohp)• better better (behter)• supper supper
(söhper)
preview:
10
TENSE VOWELS
KIT
DRESS
TRAP
STRUT
LOT
FOOT
CLOSE (HIGH
BA
CKF
RO
NT
OPEN (LOW)
FLEECE
NURSE
PALM
THOUGHT
GOOSE
12
CLOSE (HIGH
BA
CKF
RO
NT
OPEN (LOW)13
English Diphthongs
δι-ϕθογγοςdi-phthong .... fþong
English Diphthongs
•“pure” vowels•diphthongs
English Diphthongs
• how "pure" are the "pure" vowels?
CLOSE (HIGH
BA
CKF
RO
NT
OPEN (LOW)17
1 Rising to KIT
18
2 Rising to FOOT
19
3 Centring to Schwa
20
21
22
SQUARE words are spelled
-air-
fair
chair
stair
cairn
-are-
fare
care
mare
stare
23
NEAR words are spelled
-eer-
beer
engineer
queer
-ier-
fierce
pier
24
But words spelled with -ear-, –ere-, -eir-
are variable -SQUARE
bear pear wearheir their
where therethey’re
NEARfear clear rear
weirherewe’reideahero
25
Vowels - summary
KIT
DRESS
TRAP
STRUT
LOT
FOOT
CLOSE (HIGHB
AC
KF
RO
NT
OPEN (LOW)
FLEECE
NURSE
PALM
THOUGHT
GOOSE
CLOSE (HIGH
BA
CKF
RO
NT
OPEN (LOW)28
CLOSE (HIGH
BA
CKF
RO
NT
OPEN (LOW)29
Vowels - summary
Learn chart positions:• front – central - back• close (high) – mid – open (low
Learn symbols and keywords for• 6 lax vowels + “schwa”• 5 tense vowels• 8 diphthongs (diphthongs are also tense vowels)
Difference between lax and tense vowels
• lax vowels are short• tense vowels are long but are subject to clipping
31
Clipping
A tense vowels (or diphthong) is
CLIPPED (shortened) when a fortis
consonant immediately follows it.
32
Preview:FORTIS and LENIS consonants
16 consonants occur in PAIRS, fortis and lenis
FORTIS consonants are unovoicedLENIS consonants are often (but not always) voiced
(This is not the only distinction between fortis and lenis. We’ll discuss this later.)
33
fortis:
lenis:
pie, buy
tie, die
key, gay
fine, vine think, this
ice, eyes
mission, vision
church, judge
34
Preview:FORTIS and LENIS consonants