Post on 28-Jan-2015
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Building Robots using Android and
Arduino
Sudar MuthuResearch Engineer, Yahoo! Labshttp://sudarmuthu.comhttp://github.com/sudarhttp://twitter.com/sudarmuthu
Agenda• Let’s start with a demo• Anatomy of a robot• Android• Arduino• Making them talk
– Over Bluetooth– Over WIFI– Over USB wire– Over Audio Jacket– Over GSM
• Summary• Questions
MotorsSensors
Processor
Anatomy of a Robot
Android can act as a ..
Sensor
– Accelerometer– Camera– Magnetic Compass– GPS– etc.
Processor
– Native Java App– Android Scripting Environment (ASE)
Missing part is..
Missing part is..
Motor(and that’s where Arduino can help)
Arduino• Visual Basic for hardware• Includes both Hardware and software
Photo credit Arduino team
We have Android (Sensors & processor) and Arduino (Motor)
We have Android (Sensors & processor) and Arduino (Motor)
Let’s make them talk
Making them talk• Over Bluetooth
– Serial Socket• Over WIFI• Over USB
– ADK– Normal Way
• Over Audio Jacket• Over GSM• Over C2DM• Over NFC• Others (Intermediate computer etc)
Over BluetoothYou need• Bluetooth Shield (or just a Bluetooth Dongle)• Library – Amarino - http://amarino-toolkit.net• Or create a Bluetooth Socket
Advantages• Wired connection is not needed• Can work from Android 1.5• Two way communication
Disadvantages• Power consumption is high• Slightly slower when compared with others• Range is limited
Over WIFI
You need• Wifi Shield• Wifi Connection
Advantages• Wired connection is not needed• Two way communication• Can work from Android 1.5
Disadvantages• Both should be present in the same network• Power consumption is slightly high
Over USB Cable - ADK
You need• ADK Board or USB Host Shield• ADK SDK
Advantages• Native support from Android• Two way communication
Disadvantages• Will work only in 2.3.4 +• Wired Connection is needed
Over USB Cable – Socket & Logcat
You need• USB Host Shield• Library – Microbridge - http://code.google.com/p/microbridge/
Advantages• Works in older versions as well• Two way communication (Socket & Logcat)
Disadvantages• Wired connection is needed• The bandwidth is slower
Over Audio Jacket
You need• Male Audio Pin• Pre-encoded Wave/MP3 files • http
://sudarmuthu.com/blog/transferring-data-from-android-using-audio
Advantages• Very compact• Less power consumption
Disadvantages• Slightly difficult to get it to work• Baud rate is slow
Over GSM
You need• GSM Arduino Shiled• Two sim cards
Advantages• Range is unlimited• Very simple to setup• Two way communication is possible
Disadvantages• Operating cost (SMS)• Potential to abuse
Over C2DM
You need• Ethernet or Wifi Arduino Shield• C2DM account
Advantages• Good for notifications• Very easy to setup in Android side
Disadvantages• Only one way communication is possible• Works only from v2.2+• Need Wifi connectivity
Over NFC
You need• NFC Shield• Phone which has NFC
Advantages• Very easy to setup• No connection needs to be setup
Disadvantages• Works only from v2.2+• Very short range
Other Options
Some notable alternate options
• Using Computer as a intermediate transmitter• USB Host support (in case of tablet or rooted phones)• Serial VGA (You can project from an Android phone)
Don’t throw away your old phones ;)
Links• Arduino – http://arduino.cc• Microbridge – http://code.google.com/p/microbridge/• Amarino – http://amarino-toolkit.net• USB Host Shield –
http://circuitsathome.com/products-page/arduino-shields/usb-host-shield-2-0-for-arduino/
• Using Arduino as ADK – http://sudarmuthu.com/blog/using-standard-arduino-board-as-googles-adk-kit
• My articles about Arudino – http://sudarmuthu.com/blog/category/ardino• Demo source code – http://github.com/sudar/Asimi• Demo Project page – http://sudarmuthu.com/arduino/asimi• Cellbots – http://cellbots.com
Questions
Thank You
Sudar Muthuhttp://sudarmuthu.comhttp://gitbub.com/sudar
http://twitter.com/sudarmuthu